Ethics and intelligence after September 2001

Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century: Journeys in Shadows

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 180-194

  Herman, Michael ^a  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 84906587621     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203504420     Document Type: Chapter

References (25)

1. H. Reiss (tr. H.B. Nisbet), Kant: Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 96-7.
2. L. Lustgarten and I. Leigh, In from the Cold: National Security and Parliamentary Democracy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), p. 225. This work concentrates on intelligence's domestic aspects, but incidentally provides ethical criticism of foreign intelligence.
3. Michael Byers, 'Terrorism, the Use of Force and International Law after 11 September', International Relations, 16, 2 (August 2002).
4. For modern legitimacy, see Andrew Hurrell, '"There Are No Rules" (George W. Bush): International Order after September 11', International Relations, 16 (August 2002).
5. For the idea of international society I draw on David Armstrong, 'Globalization and the Social State', Review of International Studies, 24, 4 (October 1998).
6. Terry Nardin, 'International Pluralism and the Rule of Law', Review of International Studies, 26, Special Issue (December 2000), p. 100.
7. Hurrell, 'There Are No Rules', p. 189.
8. Set out in M. Herman, Intelligence Services in the Information Age: Theory and Practice (London: Frank Cass, 2001), Ch. 13.
9. M. Herman, British Intelligence towards the Millennium (London: Centre for Defence Studies, 1997), pp. 64-5.
10. Richard A. Serrano and Greg Miller, '100 Terrorist Attacks Thwarted, U.S. Says', Los Angeles Times, 11 January 2003.
11. Gregory F. Treverton, Reshaping National Intelligence for an Age of Information (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), passim.
12. S. Rimington, Richard Dimbleby Lecture, Security and Democracy (London: BBC Educational Developments, 1994), p. 9.
13. Treverton, Reshaping National Intelligence, p. 137.
14. Summary in Statewatch, 11, 5 (August-October 2001).
15. James Risen, New York Times, 20 January 2003. This was however denied by a spokesman for the Russian SVR the following day.
16. But norms do not have to be universally accepted. For discussion see Vaughn P. Shannon, 'Norms Are What States Make of Them: The Political Psychology of Norm Violation', International Studies Quarterly, 44, 2 (June 2000), especially pp. 294-6.
17. Nardin, 'International Pluralism and the Rule of Law', p. 97 n.
18. Sunday Times, 25 July 1999, p. 21.
19. Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 22 November 1996.
20. Sunday Times, 25 March 2001.
21. Michael MccGwire, 'The Paradigm that Lost its Way' and 'Shifting the Paradigm', International Affairs, 77, 4 (2001), and 78, 1 (2002). The quotation is from the first, p. 649.
22. Pam Brown, Henry Dunant: The Founder of the Red Cross (Watford: Exley, 1988).
23. Geoffrey Best, 'Peace Conferences and the Century of Total War: The 1899 Hague Conference and What Came After', International Affairs, 75, 3 (July 1999), p. 622.
24. M. Howard, The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order (London: Profile Books, 2000), p. 13.
25. Concluding words in J. Keegan, War and Our World (London: Hutchinson, 1998), p. 74.