Pakistan: Social and cultural transformations in a Muslim nation

Pakistan: Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-322

  Qadeer, Mohammad ^a  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84906577234     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203099681     Document Type: Book

References (255)

1. Abbas, A. (2002) 'Pakistan's most wanted', The Herald, March.
2. Abbas, H. (2005) Pakistan's Drift into Extremism, Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe.
3. Abbasi, M. (1992) Pakistani Culture, Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research.
4. Abercrombie, N. ; Hill, S. ; and Turner, B. (1984) The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology, 4th edn, London: Penguin Books.
5. Abid, A. (2002) Safar Adhi Sadhi Ka ('Journey of Half a Century'), Karachi: Adara Maaraf Islami.
6. Abu-Lughod, J. (1991) Changing Cities: Urban Sociology, New York: HarperCollins.
7. Addleton, J. (1997) Some Far and Distant Place, Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
8. Afzal, M. (1974) The Population of Pakistan, Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
9. The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) (1990) Briefing Notes, Gilgit: The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme.
10. Agriculture Census Organization (1960, 1980) Agricultural Census of Pakistan, Karachi: Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan.
11. Agriculture Census Organization (2003) Agricultural Census 2000, Lahore: Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Report.
12. Ahmed, A. (1984) 'Religious presence and symbolism in Pakhtun society', in A. Ahmed and D. Hart (eds), Islam in Tribal Societies, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
13. Ahmed, A. (1988) Pakistan Society. Islam, Ethnicity and Leadership in South Asia, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
14. Ahmed, F. (1998) Ethnicity and Politics in Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
15. Ahmed, I. (1987) The Concept of Islamic State, New York: St. Martin's Press.
16. Ahmed, I. (1990) 'View from the top', The Pakistan Times, March 23.
17. Ahmed, K. (1997) 'The Pakistani mind', The Friday Times, May 23-29.
18. Ahmed, K. (2003) 'Leadership and power in Pakistan', The Friday Times, August 29-September 4.
19. Ahmed, K. (2004a) 'Second opinion: have religion will travel', Daily Times, Internet edition, www.dailytimes.com.pk, September 4.
20. Ahmed, K. (2004b) 'Who threatens General Musharraf?', The Friday Times, January 23-29.
21. Ahmed, M. (1998) 'Revivalism, Islamization, sectarianism and violence in Pakistan', in C. Baxter and C. Kennedy (eds), Pakistan 1997, Boulder: Westview Press.
22. Ahsan, A. (1996) The Indus Saga and the Making of Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
23. Akram, A. (2002) 'Weddings: from dreams to themes', The Friday Times, June 21-27.
24. Alavi, H. (1982) 'The rural elite and agricultural development', in K. Ali (ed.), Pakistan. The Political Economy of Rural Development, Lahore: Vanguard Publications.
25. Alavi, H. (1989) 'Formation of the social structure of South Asia under the impact of colonialism', in H. Alavi and J. Harris (eds), Sociology of Developing Societies, London: Macmillan.
26. Alavi, H. (1998) 'Pakistan and Islam: ethnicity and ideology', in F. Halliday and H. Alavi (eds), State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan, London: Macmillan.
27. Alavi, H. (2002) 'Social forces and ideology in the making of Pakistan', The Friday Times, December 6-12.
28. Ali, I. (1988) The Punjab Under Imperialism, 1885-1947, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
29. Alvi, I. (2001) 'Business and power in Pakistan', in A. Weiss and S. Gilani (eds), Power and Civil Society in Pakistan, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
30. Alvi, I. (1997) The Informal Sector in Urban Economy, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
31. Amir, A. (2001) 'Passion for verbosity', Dawn, Internet edition, www.dawn.com, May 11.
32. Anderson, B. (1983) Imagined Communities, London: Verso.
33. Ashraf, A. and Bhutta, C. (1991) Ashub-e-Pakistan ('Travail of Pakistan'), Lahore: Bisat-eAdab.
34. Aziz, K. (1993) The Murder of History, Lahore: Vanguard Publications.
35. Balbo, M. (1993) 'Urban planning and the fragmented city of developing countries', Third World Planning Review, 15/1.
36. Barth, F. (1981) 'Ethnic processes on the Pathan-Baluch boundary', in Features of Persons and Society in Swat: Selected Essays of Fredrik Barth, vol. 2, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
37. Batalvi, A. (1960) Iqbal ke Akhari Doo Saal ('Iqbal's Last Two Years'), Lahore: Iqbal Academy.
38. Bearak, B. (2003a) 'Pakistan is a failed state...' New York Times Magazine, Internet edition, www.balochvoice.com/reports/Pakistan, December 7 (accessed on June 17, 2005 ).
39. Bearak, B. (2003b) 'Pakistan is a great hub of duplicity', The New York Times Sunday Magazine, December 7.
40. Benuri, T. and Khan, S. (1997) Just Development: Beyond Adjustment with a Human Face, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
41. Bilquees, F. and Hamid, S. (1981) Impact of International Migration on Women and Children Left Behind: A Case Study of a Punjabi Village, Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Research Report No. 115.
42. Bowen, D. and Early, E. (eds) (1993) Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
43. Burki, S. (1971) 'Interest group involvement in west Pakistan's rural works program', Public Policy, XlX (Winter).
44. Callard, K. (1957) Pakistan, London: George Allen & Unwin.
45. Cambridge University Asian Expedition (1962) The Budhopur Report, Lahore: Social Sciences Research Centre, University of the Punjab.
46. Castells, M. (1997) The Power of Identity, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
47. Chakraborty, K. (2002) Family in India, Jaipur: Rawat Publications.
48. Cohen, J. and Arato, A. (1992) Civil Society and Political Theory, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
49. Cohen, S. (1998) The Pakistan Army: With a New Foreword and Epilogue, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
50. Cohen, S. (2004) The Idea of Pakistan, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
51. Coll, S. (1994) On the Grand Trunk Road, New York: Times Books.
52. The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan Debates (1949), vol. 5.
53. The Court of Inquiry (1954) Report to the Enquiry into the Punjab Disturbances of 1953, Lahore: Government Printing, Punjab.
54. Darling, M. (1947) The Punjab Peasant in Prosperity and Debt, London: Oxford University Press (original 1925).
55. Dawood, A. (1999) Sindhi Aurat ki Kahani ('Sindhi Woman's Story'), Karachi: Ceen Publisher.
56. Deshpande, S. (2004) Contemporary India, New Delhi: Penguin Books.
57. Dogar, R. (2000) Asli Zia-Ul-Haq ('Real Zia-Ul-Haq'), Lahore: Deed-Suneed Publishers.
58. Duncan, E. (1990) Breaking the Curfew, London: Arrow Books.
59. Durkheim, E. (1984) The Division of Labour in Society (translated by W. Halls ), London: Macmillan (original 1893).
60. Edwards, D. (1990) 'Frontiers, boundaries and frames. The marginal identity of Afghan refugees', in A. Ahmed (ed.), Pakistan. The Social Sciences Perspecitive, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
61. Egler, Z. (1960) A Punjabi Village, New York: Columbia University Press.
62. Eisenstadt, S. (1973) 'Breakdowns of political modernization', in A. Etzioni and E. EtzioniHalvey (eds), Social Change, New York: Basic Books.
63. Ejaz, M. (1999) 'A microcosm of Pakistan', The News, Internet edition, www.jang.com.pk/ thenews, December 19.
64. Ejaz, M. (2002a) 'Pakistan's new liberal spirit', The News, Internet edition, www.jang.com.pk/ thenews, April 14.
65. Ejaz, M. (2002b) 'The narrowing urban-rural divide', The News, Internet edition, www.nation.com.pk/daily.march.2002/12/index.html, March 17.
66. Elfenbein, J. (1966) The Baluchi Language: A Dialectology with Text, vol. 27, London: Royal Asiatic Society Monographs.
67. Environmental and Urban Affairs Division (EUAD) (1991) The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy, Karachi: Government of Pakistan and The World Conservation Union.
68. Environmental and Urban Affairs Division (EUAD) (1992) The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy, Islamabad: Government of Pakistan.
69. Etienne, G. (1995) Rural Change in South Asia, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing.
70. Etzioni, A. and Etzioni-Halvey, E. (eds) (1973) Social Change, New York: Basic Books.
71. Fabietti, U. (1996) 'Equality versus hierarchy: conceptualizing change in southern Balochistan', in P. Titus (ed.), Marginality and Modernity. Ethnicity and Change in Post Colonial Balochistan, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
72. Federal Bureau of Statistics (1998) 50 Years of Pakistan Volume 1, Karachi: Manager of Publications, Government of Pakistan.
73. Federal Bureau of Statistics (2000) Statistical Pocket Book of Pakistan, Islamabad: Government of Pakistan.
74. Gans, H. (1962) The Urban Villagers, New York: Free Press.
75. Gardezi, H. (1995) The Political Economy of International Labour Migration, Montreal: Black Rose Book.
76. Gauhar, A. (1994) Ayub Khan, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
77. Geertz, C. (1963) Peddlers and Princes: Social Development and Economic Change in Two Indonesian Towns, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
78. Gellener, E. (1991) 'Civil society in historical context', International Social Science Journal, 129 (August).
79. Ghose, Z. (1969) The Murder of Aziz Khan, New York: John Day.
80. Giddens, A. (1982) Sociology, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
81. Gilani, S. (2001) 'Personal and social power in Pakistan', in A. Weiss and S. Gilani (eds), Power and Civil Society in Pakistan, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
82. Gilmartin, D. (1990) 'Shrines, succession and sources of moral authority in the Punjab', in A. Ahmed (ed.), Pakistan. The Social Science Perspective, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
83. Goldberg, J. (2000) 'The education of holy warriors', The New York Times Magazine, June 25.
84. Goode, W. (1963) World Revolution and Family Patterns, London: Collier-Macmillan.
85. Gotsch, C. (1982) 'Tractor mechanization and rural development in Pakistan', in K. Ali (ed.), Pakistan. The Political Economy of Rural Development, Lahore: Vanguard Publications.
86. Government of Pakistan (1965) Report of the Commission for Eradication of Social Evils, Karachi: Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Welfare.
87. Gul, I. (2005) 'Statistics reveal horrors of human smuggling', Daily Times, Internet edition, www.dailytimes.com.pk, March 10.
88. Gusfield, J. (1967) 'Tradition and modernity: misplaced polarities in the study of social change', American Journal of Sociology, 72/4.
89. Gusfield, J. (1973) 'Tradition and modernity: misplaced polarities in the study of social change', in A. Etzioni and E. Etzioni-Halevy (eds), Social Change, New York: Basic Books.
90. Haeri, S. (2002) No Shame for the Sun, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
91. Haider, S. (1981) Social Change and Development in Pakistan, Lahore: Progressive Publishers.
92. Harris, C. and Ullman, E. (1945) 'The nature of cities', Annals: American Academy of Political and Social Science, 242.
93. Harris, J. (1993) Private Lives, Public Spirit: Britain 1870-1914, London: Penguin Books.
94. Hasan, A. (1999) Understanding Karachi, Karachi: City Press.
95. Hasan, M. (ed.) (1993) India's Partition Process, Strategy and Mobilization, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
96. Haviland, W. (1999) Cultural Anthropology, Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
97. Hillery, G. (1955) 'Definitions of community: areas of agreement', Rural Sociology, 20.
98. Hobsbawm, E. and Ranger, T. (eds) (1983) The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
99. Hodge, G. and Qadeer, M. (1983) Towns and Villages in Canada, Toronto: Butterworths.
100. Hoodbhoy, P. (2000) 'What are they teaching in Pakistani schools?', Chowk, Internet magazine, www.chowk.com, April 10.
101. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (1995) State of Human Rights in 1995, Lahore: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan.
102. Hussain, I. (1999) Charagon Ka Dohan ('Lamp's Haze'), Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
103. Hussain, S. (1998) Alam Mein Intekhab - Peshawar ('The One and Only - Peshawar'), Toledo: Literary Circle of Toledo.
104. Ikram, S. (1997) A History of Muslim Civilization in India and Pakistan, Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture.
105. Imperial Gazetteer of India (1991) North-West Frontier Province, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications (original undated).
106. Imperial Gazetteer of India (1998) Punjab Volume 1, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications (original undated).
107. International Labour Organization (ILO) (1972) Employment, Income and Inequality: A Strategy for Increasing Productive Employment in Kenya, Geneva: ILO.
108. Iqbal, J. (2003) Apna Girban Chalk ('Opening My Heart'), Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
109. Iqbal, Z. ; Qureshi, S. ; and Mahmood, R. (1999) The Underground Economy and Tax Evasion in Pakistan: A Fresh Assessment, Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Research Report No. 158.
110. Isphani, M. (2003) 'Pakistan: the cauldron', The Friday Times, June 27-July 3.
111. Jalal, A. (1985) The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
112. Jalal, A. (2001) Self and Sovereignty, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
113. Jalalzai, M. (1995) Sectarianism in Pakistan, Lahore: AH Publishers.
114. Jalalzai, M. (1998) The NGOs Conspiracy in Pakistan, Lahore: Classic Books.
115. Jilani, H. (1998) Human Rights and Democratic Development in Pakistan, Lahore: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan.
116. Jillani, M. (2004) 'Evoking old promises', The News, Internet edition, www.jang.com.pk/thenews, January 1.
117. Jinnah, Mohammad A. (Quaid-i-Azam) (undated) Speeches as Governor General of Pakistan 1947-48, Karachi: Government of Pakistan.
118. Kaplan, P. (2000) Soldiers of God, New York: Vintage Books.
119. Kayani, M. (1977) A Judge May Laugh, Lahore: Pakistan Writers' Co-operative Society.
120. Kemal, A. and Mahmood, Z. (1998) The Urban Informal Sector of Pakistan: Some Stylized Facts, Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Research Report No. 161.
121. Khalaf, S. (2001) Cultural Resistance, London: Saqi Books.
122. Khaldun, I. (1967) The Muqaddimah (translated by F. Rosenthal and abridged by N. Dawood ), Princeton: Princeton University Press.
123. Khalid, A. (1998) The Agrarian History of Pakistan, Lahore: Allied Press.
124. Khalil, A. (2005) 'How politics promotes police corruption', The News, Internet edition, www.jang.com.pk/thenews, February 5.
125. Khan, A. (1994a) 'The blasphemy law. The bigot's charter', The Herald, May.
126. Khan, A. (1994b) 'The rise of sectarian mafias', The Herald, June.
127. Khan, A. (1996) Orangi Pilot Project Reminiscences and Reflections, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
128. Khan, F. (2002) Viewing Television, Unpublished, Master of Science thesis, Islamabad: Department of Anthropology, Quaid-e-Azam University.
129. Khan, M. (1981) Underdevelopment and Agrarian Structure in Pakistan, Lahore: Vanguard Publications.
130. Khan, M. (1983) 'Classes and agrarian transition in Pakistan', The Pakistan Development Review, 22/3.
131. Khan, M. (1986) Tablighi Movement, New Delhi: The Islamic Centre.
132. Khan, M. (1998) Climbing the Development Ladder with NGO Support: Experiences of Rural People in Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
133. Khan, M. (2004) 'Poor little rich boys', The Herald, February.
134. Khan, R. (1996) 'Marrying in style', The Friday Times, October 31-November 6.
135. Khar, S. (2003) 'Letter from Muzzafargarh', The Friday Times, March 14-20.
136. Khuro, H. (ed.) (1981) 'Muslim political organization in Sind, 1843-1938', in Sind Through the Centuries, Karachi: Oxford University Press
137. King, A. (1980) 'Colonialism and the development of the modern Asian city, some theoretical considerations', in K. Ballhatchet and J. Harrison (eds), The City in South Asia, London: Curzon Press
138. Korson, H. (1975) 'Modernization and social change in the family in Pakistan', in W. Wriggins (ed.), Pakistan in Transition, Islamabad: University of Islamabad Press
139. Kuhn, T. (1964) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
140. Kureshy, K. (1977) A Geography of Pakistan, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
141. Lahore Development Authority (LDA) (1998) Integrated Master Plan for Lahore, Draft Report, Lahore: National Engineering Services Pakistan (PVT).
142. Lapidus, I. (1998) A History of Islamic Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
143. LaPorte, R. (1999) 'Pakistan: a nation in the making', in S. Harrison, P. Kreisberg, and D. Kux (eds), India and Pakistan. The First Fifty Years, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
144. Lari, Y. and Lari, M. (1996) Karachi, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
145. Lefebvre, A. (1999) Kinship, Honour and Money in Rural Pakistan, Richmond: Curzon Press.
146. Lerner, D. (1966) The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing Middle East, New York: Free Press.
147. Linck, O. (1959) A Passage through Pakistan, Detroit: Wayne University Press.
148. Lindblom, C. (1990) 'Leadership categories and social processes in Islam: the case of Dir and Swat', in A. Ahmed (ed.), Pakistan. The Social Sciences Perspective, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
149. Linden, J. (1997) 'In a culture of patronage; patrons and grassroots organization in a sites and services project in Hyderabad, Pakistan', Environment and Urbanization, 9/1 (April).
150. Lyon, L. (1989) The Community in Urban Society, Prospect Heights: Waveland Press.
151. Malik, S. (1992) 'Rural poverty in Pakistan: some recent evidence', The Pakistan Development Review, 31/4 (Part 11).
152. Mamdani, M. (1996) Citizen and Subject, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
153. Marx, K. and Engels, F. (1932) Manifesto of Communist Party (translation), New York: International Publishers.
154. Maudoodi, A. (1952) Hamare Mutalibe ('Our Demands'), Lahore: Central Publications Jamaat-i-Islami.
155. Mazari, S. (1999) A Journey in Disillusionment, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
156. Meier, G. (1984) Leading Issues in Economic Development, 4th edn, New York: Oxford University Press.
157. Mines, D. and Lamb, S. (eds) (2002) Everyday Life in South Asia, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
158. Mir, A. (2000) 'The kill-joy spirit', Dawn, Internet edition, October 27.
159. Mir, A. (2001) 'Soldiers monopolize top civilian posts', The Friday Times, March 9-15.
160. Mirza, J. (2002) Between Chadder and the Market. Female Office Workers in Lahore, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
161. Mittelman, J. (ed.) (1996) 'Dynamics of globalization', in Globalization: Critical Reflections, Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
162. Mumtaz, K. and Shaheed, F. (1991) 'Historical roots of the women's movement: a period of awakening 1896-47', in F. Zafar (ed.), Finding Our Way, Lahore: ASR Publications.
163. Muneeba (1991) Diffusion of Innovations and Its Impact on the Life of Villagers. Unpublished, Master of Science thesis, Islamabad: Department of Anthropology, Quaid-eAzam University.
164. Munir, M. (1979) From Jinnah to Zia, Lahore: Vanguard Books.
165. Murphy, D. (1995) Full Tilt, Hammersmith: Flamingo.
166. Myrdal, G. (1968) Asian Drama Volume 1, New York: Pantheon.
167. Nakamura, H. (1964) Ways of Thinking of Eastern People (translated by P. P. Wiener ), Honolulu: University of Hawii Press.
168. Naseem, S. (1981) Underdevelopment, Poverty and Inequality in Pakistan, Lahore: Vanguard Publications.
169. Nasr, S. (1994) The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution, London: IB Tauris.
170. Nasr, S. (1996) Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism, New York: Oxford University Press.
171. Nasr, V. (1993) 'Islamic opposition to the Islamic state: the Jamaat-I-Islami, 1977-88', International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 25.
172. Nasr, V. (2004) 'Escaping the wasteland', The Friday Times, June 25- July 1.
173. Naveed-i-Rahat (1990) Male Outmigration and Matri Weighted Households, Delhi: Hindustan Publishing.
174. Nayyar, A. and Salim, A. (2004) The Subtle Subversion: The State of Curricula and Textbooks in Pakistan, Islamabad: Sustainable Development Policy Institute.
175. Nichols, R. (1998) 'Challenging the state: religious movements in the north-western frontier province', in C. Baxter and C. Kennedy (eds), Pakistan 1997, Boulder: Westview Press.
176. Nientied, P. (1987) Practice and Theory of Urban Policy in the Third World, Amsterdam: CHD.
177. North, D. (1989) 'Institutions and economic growth; an historical introduction', World Development, 17/9.
178. Overseas Pakistanis Foundation (2004) Government of Pakistan, www.opf.org.pk (accessed on December 12 ).
179. Parsons, T. (1949) 'The social structure of the family', in R. Nanda (ed.), The Family: Its Functions and Destiny, New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers.
180. Pasha, M. (2001) 'Savage capitalism and civil society', in A. Weiss and S. Gilani (eds), Power and Civil Society in Pakistan, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
181. Pasha, M. and Samater, A. (1996) 'The resurgence of Islam', in J. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections, Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
182. Patel, R. (1991) Socio-Economic Political Status and Women and Law in Pakistan, Karachi: Faiza Publishers.
183. Pervez, N. (1998) Pakistan Television Drama and Social Change, Karachi: Department of Mass Communication, Karachi: University of Karachi.
184. Qadeer, M. (1959) A Study of Changes in Religious Attitudes of Male College Lecturers in Lahore. Master's thesis, Lahore: Department of Sociology, Punjab University.
185. Qadeer, M. (1972) 'The Pakistani mind: the root of crisis', Dawn, November 12.
186. Qadeer, M. (1975) 'Some indigenous factors in the institutionalization of professions in Pakistan', in W. Wriggens (ed.), Pakistan in Transition, Islamabad: University of Islamabad Press.
187. Qadeer, M. (1977) An Evaluation of the Rural Development Programme, Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
188. Qadeer, M. (1983) Urban Development in the Third World, New York: Praeger.
189. Qadeer, M. (1996)'An assessment of Pakistan's urban policies, 1947-96', The Pakistan Development Review, 35/4.
190. Qadeer, M. (1997) 'The evolving structure of civil society and the state in Pakistan', The Pakistan Development Review, 36/4 (Part 11).
191. Qadeer, M. (1999a) 'Silence of burqa', The Montreal Gazette, September 21.
192. Qadeer, M. (1999b) 'Urbanization of everybody, institutional imperatives, and social transformation in Pakistan', The Pakistan Development Review, 38/4 (Part 11).
193. Qadeer, M. (2000) 'Ruralopolis: the spatial organization and residential land economy of high density rural regions in south Asia', Urban Studies, 37/9.
194. Qadeer, M. (2004) 'Urbanization by implosion', Habitat International, 28.
195. Qureshi, I. (1965) The Struggle for Pakistan, Karachi: University of Karachi.
196. Qureshi, S. (1980) 'Islam and development: the Zia regime in Pakistan', World Development, 8, no. 7/8.
197. Rashid, A. and Tunio, G. (1990) Socio-Economic Change Through Union Councils, Peshawar: Pakistan Academy for Rural Development.
198. Rashdi, P. (2003) Sindh Ways and Days, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
199. Razi, R. and Shakir, S. (2001) Pakistan's 53 Years, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
200. Reeves, R. (1984) Passage to Peshawar, New York: Simon and Schuster.
201. Rex, J. and Moore R. (1967) Race, Community and Conflict: A Study of Sparkbrook, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
202. Rostow, W. (1956) 'The takeoff into self-sustained growth', The Economic Journal, LXVI, 261.
203. Sadowski, Y. (1993) 'The new orientalism and the democracy debate', Middle East Report, July/August, no. 18.
204. Saeed, F. (2002) Taboo, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
205. Safdar, S. (1997) Kinship and Marriage in Pakhtoon Society. Lahore: Pak Book Empire.
206. Saiyid, D. (1998) Muslim Women of the British Punjab, Houndmills: Macmillan Press.
207. Salamon, L. and Anheier, H. (1997) 'The civil society sector', Society, January/February.
208. Samad, Y. (1995) A Nation in Turmoil, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
209. Santos, M. (1979) The Shared Space, London: Methuen.
210. Savage, M. and Warde, A. (1993) Urban Sociology, Capitalism and Modernity, 1st edn, London: Macmillan.
211. Savage, M. ; Warde, A. ; and Ward, K. (2003) Urban Sociology, Capitalism and Modernity, Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
212. Sayeed, K. (1967) The Political System of Pakistan, Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
213. Sen, A. (1999) Development as Freedom, New York: Anchor Books.
214. Sen, A. (2004) 'How does culture matter?' in V. Rao and M. Walton (eds), Culture Change and Public Action, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
215. Shah, M. (1992) Sardari, Jirga and Local Government Systems in Balochistan, Quetta: Qasim Publishers.
216. Shahid-ur-Rehman (1998) Who Owns Pakistan? Islamabad: Aelia Communication.
217. Shaikh, F. (1993) 'Muslims and political representation in colonial India: the making of Pakistan', in M. Hasan (ed.), India's Partition Process, Strategy and Mobilization, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
218. Shills, E. (1981) Tradition, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
219. Simmel, G. (1964) 'The metropolis and mental life', in K. Wolff (ed.), The Sociology of Georg Simmel, New York: Free Press.
220. Sjoberg, G. (1960) The Preindustrial City; Past and Present, New York: Free Press.
221. Smelser, N. (1973) 'Toward a theory of modernization', in A. Etzioni and E. Etzioni-Halevy (eds), Social Change, New York: Basic Books.
222. Stern, R. (2003) Changing India, 2nd edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
223. Suleri, S. (1989) Meatless Days, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
224. Suleri, S. (1992) The Rhetoric of English India, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
225. Takbeer (1997) 'Pakistan's mysterious political character - Dr. Mahboob ul Haque', May 31.
226. Talbot, I. (1998) Pakistan, a Modern History, New York: St. Martin's Press.
227. Titus, P. (1998) 'Honor the Baloch, buy the Pushtun: sterotypes, social organization and history in western Pakistan', Modern Asian Studies, 32/3.
228. Tonnies, F. (2001) Community and Civil Society (translation), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (original 1887).
229. Turner, G. (1990) British Cultural Studies An Introduction, London: Routledge.
230. Wahab, A. and Ahmad, M. (1996) 'Biosocial perspective of consanguineous marriages in rural and urban Swat, Pakistan', Journal of Biosocial Science, 28.
231. Warren, D. (2003) 'Lahore: on the Islamic gale', Commentary, 115/2.
232. Waseem, M. (1990) 'Urban growth and political change at the local level', in A. Ahmed (ed.), Pakistan. The Social Sciences Perspecitive, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
233. Waseem, M. (1994) Politics and the State in Pakistan, Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research.
234. Weber, M. (1958a) The City (translation), New York: Free Press (original 1921).
235. Weber, M. (1958b) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (translated by T. Parsons ), Mineola: Dover Publications (original 1904-5).
236. Weiss, A. (1991) Culture and Development in Pakistan, Lahore: Vanguard Publications.
237. Weiss, A. (2002) Walls Within Walls, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
238. Werbner, P. (1990) The Migration Process, New York: Berg.
239. White, G. ; Howell, J. ; and Xiaoyuan, S. (1996) In Search of Civil Society. Market Reform and Social Change in Contemporary China, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
240. Wirth, L. (1938) 'Urbanism as a way of life', American Journal of Sociology, 44: 1.
241. Wolpert, S. (1993) Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan: His Life and Times, New York: Oxford University Press.
242. The World Bank (1988) Pakistan Urban Development Project, Washington, DC: Country Document, World Bank.
243. The World Bank (1995) Pakistan: Poverty Assessment, Washington, DC: World Bank, Report No.14397-PAK.
244. The World Bank (2002) Pakistan: Poverty Assessment, Islamabad: World Bank, Document Report No. 24296-PAK.
245. Young, M. and Wilmott, P. (1957) Families and Kinship in East London, New York: Free Press.
246. Young, M. and Wilmott, P. (1962) Family and Kinship in East London, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
247. Zahab, M. (2004) 'The Sunni-Shia conflict in Jhang', in I. Ahmed and H. Reifield (eds), Lived Islam in South Asia, Delhi: Social Science Press.
248. Zaidi, A. (1998) 'Phuppi ki beti, Mamoon ka beta', Chowk, www.chowk.com/universityAve/azaidi_march 6.
249. Zaidi, S. (1996) 'Radio as social metaphor', Economic and Political Weekly, February 24.
250. Zaidi, S. (2000) Urban Environment, Balochistan Conservation Strategy Background Paper, Quetta: IUCN.
251. Zaman, K. and Khan, M. (1988) Socio-Economic Change in Punjab Villages, Lahore: Punjab Economic Research Institute, no. 247
252. Zaman, M. (1998) 'Sectarianism in Pakistan: the radicalization of Shi 'i and Sunni', Journal of Asian Studies, 32/2.
253. Zehra, N. (2001) 'Pakistan's second handers', The News, Internet edition, www.jang.com.pk/thenews/index.html July 5.
254. Zia, S. (1991) 'The legal status of women in Pakistan', in F. Zafar (ed.), Finding Our Way, Lahore: ASR Publications.
255. Ziring, L. (1997) Pakistan in the Twentieth Century, Karachi: Oxford University Press.