Scientific uncertainty and the politics of whaling

Scientific Uncertainty and the Politics of Whaling

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-260

  Heazle, Michael ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84906463847     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (274)

1. Aldhous, P., and D. Swinbanks. "Whaling Ban Versus Science." Nature, vol. 351(May 23, 1991):259.
2. Allen, K. R. Conservation and Management of Whales. Seattle: University of Washington Press; London: Butterworths, 1980.
3. Andresen, S. "Science and Politics in the International Management of Whales." Marine Policy (April 1989): 99-117.
4. Aron, W. "Laws, Treaties and Evolution", Lecture given at the symposium High Seas Fisheries and International Fishery Management Organization held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan and the Association for the Comparative Study of Legal Cultures, March 9, 2001, Tokyo.
5. -. "Save The Whalers", The Wall Street Journal, September 9, 1997.
6. -. "Science and the IWC." In R. L. Friedheim, ed., Toward A Sustainable Whaling Regime, 105-122. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.
7. Aron, W., W. Burke, and M. M. R. Freeman. "Flouting the Convention. " Atlantic Monthly, May 1999.
8. -. "The Whaling Issue." Marine Policy, vol. 24(2000):179-91.
9. Bailey, R. "Precautionary Tale", Reason, April 1999.
10. Bate, R., ed. What Risk? Science, Politics and Public Health. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.
11. BBC Wildlife, "World Weary of Whaling Boors", July 1995.
12. Beasley, W. G. The Modern History of Japan. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981.
13. Bernstein, P. L. Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1998).
14. Birnie, P. International Regulation of Whaling: From Conservation of Whaling to Conservation of Whales and Regulation of Whale Watching. Vols. 1 and 2. New York: Oceana Publications, 1985.
15. -. "International Environmental Law." In A. Hurrell and B. Kingsbury, eds., The International Politics of the Environment, 51-84. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
16. Bodansky, D. "Scientific Uncertainty and the Precautionary Principle." Environment, vol. 33, no. 7(September 1991):4-5 and 43-44.
17. Brenton, T. The Greening of Machiavelli. London: Earthscan Publications, 1994.
18. Brown, M., and J. May. The Greenpeace Story. Scarborough: Prentice-Hall Canada, 1989.
19. Burns, J. H., and H. L. A. Hart, eds. Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. London: The Athlone Press, 1970.
20. Butterworth, D. S. "Science and Sentimentality", Nature, vol. 357(June 18, 1992):532-34.
21. -. "Taking Stock: Science and Fisheries Management Entering the New Millennium." Lecture paper, University of Cape Town, August 1999.
22. Carr, E. H. What Is History? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961.
23. Chadwick, D. H. "Bottlenose Whales." National Geographic, vol. 194, no. 2(August 1998):79-89.
24. Chalmers, A. F. What Is This Thing Called Science? Saint Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1999.
25. Clark, C. W., and R. Lamberson. "An Economic History and Analysis of Pelagic Whaling." Marine Policy, vol. 6, no. 2(April 1982):103-20.
26. Cole, C. F. "Can We Resolve Uncertainty in Marine Fisheries Management?" In Lemons, Scientific Uncertainty and Environmental Problem Solving, 233-63.
27. Crenson, M. "Particle Collider to Re-create Birth of Universe." Daily Yomiuri, March 28, 2000.
28. Cushing, D. H. The Provident Sea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
29. Daily Yomiuri, "Australians Rally against Whaling." May 10, 1993.
30. Daily Yomiuri, "Issue of Whaling at a Standstill." May 10, 1993.
31. Daily Yomiuri, "Whales' Fate at Stake." March 25, 1993.
32. Derr, M. "To Whale or Not to Whale." Atlantic Monthly, October 1997.
33. Doyal, L., and I. Gough. A Theory of Human Need. London: Macmillan, 1991.
34. Drozdiak, W., and E. Pianin. "Allies Stunned by U. S. Kyoto Stance." Daily Yomiuri, March 30, 2001.
35. Dworkin, G. "Paternalism." In G. Dworkin, ed., Mill's On Liberty: Critical Essays, 61-82. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 1997.
36. Elliot, G. Whaling 1937-1967: The International Control of Whale Stocks. Sharon, MA: Kendall Whaling Museum Monograph Series No. 10, 1997.
37. Feyerabend, P. K. "On the Critique of Scientific Reasoning." In R. S. Cohen, P. K. Feyerabend, and M. W. Wartofsky, eds., Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos, 109-43. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1976.
38. Feynman, R. P. The Meaning of It All: Thoughts of a Citizen-Scientist. Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1998.
39. Flory, E. K. "Construing the Pelly and Packwood-Magnuson Amendments: The D. C. Circuit Court Harpoons Executive Discretion. " Washington Law Review, vol. 61, no. 631(1986):631-36.
40. Freeman, M. M. R. "Science and Trans-Science in the Whaling Debate." In Freeman and Kreuter, Elephants and Whales: Resources for Whom? 143-57.
41. -. "Why Whale?" In O. D. Jonsson, ed., Whales and Ethics, 39-56. Reykjavik: Fisheries Research Institute, University of Iceland University Press, 1992.
42. Freeman, M. M. R., and S. R. Kellert, "International Attitudes to Whales, Whaling and the Use of Whale Products: A Six Country Survey." In Freeman and Kreuter, Elephants and Whales: Resources for Whom? 293-315.
43. Freeman, M. M. R., and U. P. Kreuter, eds. Elephants and Whales: Resources for Whom? Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 1994.
44. Friedheim, R. L. "Negotiating in the IWC Environment." In Toward a Sustainable Whaling Regime, 200-34. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.
45. Gambell, R. "International Management of Whales and Whaling: An Historical Review of the Regulation of Commercial and Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling." Arctic, vol. 46, no. 2(1993):97-107.
46. -. "The International Whaling Commission Today." In G. Petursdottir, ed., Whaling in the North Atlantic-Economic and Political Perspectives. Reykjavik: University of Iceland, 1997. http//highnorth.no/ Library/Publications/iceland/th-in-to.htm.
47. -. "The IWC and the Contemporary Whaling Debate." In J. R. Twiss Jr. and R. R. Reeves, eds., Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals, 179-97. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999.
48. Goodman, D. Letter in Nature, vol. 397(January 28, 1999):290.
49. -. "If Only Greenpeace Told the Truth about Whaling." The Japan Times, March 16, 2000.
50. Greenwood B. "Between Hope and a Hard Place." Nature, vol. 430(August 2004):926-27.
51. Gregoriadis, L. "Norwegian Fleet Sets Off to Kill 750 Minke in Biggest Slaughter of Whales for 14 Years." The Independent View from Europe (Daily Yomiuri supplement), May 9, 1999.
52. Grieco, J. M. "Anarchy and the Limits of Co-operation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism." International Organization, vol. 42, no. 3(1988):485-508.
53. Gulland, J. "The End of Whaling?" New Scientist, October 29, 1988.
54. Haas, P. M. "Banning Chloroflurocarbons: Epistemic Community Efforts to Protect Stratospheric Ozone." In Haas, Knowledge, Power, and International Policy Coordination, 187-224.
55. -. "Do Regimes Matter? Epistemic Communities and Mediterranean Pollution Control." International Organization, vol. 43, no. 3(1989):377-403.
56. -. "Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination. " In Haas, Knowledge, Power, and International Policy Coordination, 1-35.
57. -, ed. Knowledge, Power, and International Policy Coordination. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997.
58. Haggard, S., and B. A. Simmons. "Theories of International Regimes." International Organisation, vol. 41, no. 3(1987):491-517.
59. Haverstock, H. [M. Heazle]. "Wails for Whales." Japan International Journal, vol. 3, no. 7(July 1993):34-39.
60. Heazle, M. "A Community on Edge." Far Eastern Economic Review, June 10, 1993.
61. -. "A Greener Shade of Whale?" The Asian Wall Street Journal, August 18, 1993.
62. -. "Whaling Town Taiji Dreams for Miracle IWC Reprieve." The Japan Times, May 23, 1999.
63. Heishman, S. J. "Behavioral-Cognitive Effects of Smoking." Paper presented at Addicted to Nicotine: A National Research Forum, Bethesda, MD, July 27-28, 1998. http://www.drugabuse.gov/meetsum/nicotine/heishman.html.
64. Hindess, B. Philosophy and Methodology in the Social Sciences. Sussex: The Harvester Press, 1977.
65. Holt, S. "A Comment on Tore Schweder's 'Protecting Whales by Distorting Uncertainty: Non-precautionary Mismanagement.'" Fisheries Research, vol. 52, no. 3(July 2001):227-30.
66. Kalland, A. "Whose Whale is That? Diverting the Commodity Path." In Freeman and Kreuter, Elephants and Whales: Resources for Whom? 159-86.
67. Keohane, R. O., and J. S. Nye. "Power and Interdependence Revisited." International Organization, vol. 41, no. 4(1987):725-53.
68. Klinowska, M. "Are Cetaceans Especially Smart?" New Scientist, October 29, 1988.
69. Kloppenberg, J. T. "Objectivity and Historicism: A Century of American Historical Writing." American Historical Review, vol. 94(1989):1011-30.
70. Knauss, J. A. "The International Whaling Commission-Its Past and Possible Future." Ocean Development and International Law, vol. 28(1997):79-87.
71. Kuhn, T. S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
72. Larkin, P. A. "Objectives of Management." In R. T. Lackey and L. A. Nielsen, eds., Fisheries Management, 245-62. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1980.
73. Larvor, B. Lakatos: An Introduction. New York: Routledge, 1998.
74. Lean, G., and R. Mendick. "Whale Population Devastated by Warming", The Independent on Sunday, July 29, 2001.
75. Lemons, J. "The Conservation of Biodiversity: Scientific Uncertainty and the Burden of Proof." In Lemons, Scientific Uncertainty and Environmental Problem Solving, 206-31.
76. -, ed. Scientific Uncertainty and Environmental Problem Solving. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1996.
77. Lloyd Parry, R. "Japan Admits Aid Deals Buy Support for Whaling." The Independent, July 19, 2001.
78. Lord, C. "Deep Feeling." The Courier Mail, April 25, 2000.
79. Ludwig, D., R. Hilborn, and C. Walters. "Uncertainty, Resource Exploitation, and Conservation: Lessons from History." Science, vol. 260(April 2, 1993):17-18.
80. MacDonald, J. M. "Appreciating the Precautionary Principle as an Ethical Evolution in Ocean Management." Ocean Development and International Law, vol. 26(1995):255-86.
81. Masood, E. "Error Re-opens 'Scientific' Whaling Debate." Nature, vol. 374(April 13, 1995):587.
82. McGuinness, P. P. "Sentimental Anti-whaling Lobby No Longer Cuts Much Ice." The Australian, July 1, 1992.
83. Melville, H. Moby Dick. New York: Bantam Books, 1981.
84. Murphy, K. "Deaths Signal Too Many Whales for the Ocean. " Los Angeles Times, June 6, 1999.
85. Nicol, C. W. "Whaling Issue Being Used as a Political Tool." Daily Yomiuri, June 10, 1993.
86. Newsweek, "Song of the Whales", July 8, 1974.
87. Norris, C. Against Relativism: Philosophy of Science, Deconstruction and Critical Theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.
88. Palmer, H. "U. K. Scientist Blames IWC for Ignoring Scientists' Unanimous Recommendation. " Daily Yomiuri, June 10, 1993.
89. Pauly, D. On the Sex of Fish and the Gender of Scientists: Collected Essays in Fisheries Science. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1994.
90. Perry, S. L., D. P. DeMaster, and G. K. Silber. "Special Issue: The Great Whales: History and Status of Six Species Listed as Endangered Under the U. S. Endangered Species Act of 1973." Marine Fisheries Review, vol. 61, no. 1 (1999). http//spo.nwr.noaa.gov/mfr611/mfr611.htm.
91. Peterson, M. J. "Whalers, Cetologists, Environmentalists, and the International Management of Whaling." In Haas, Knowledge, Power, and International Policy Coordination, 147-86.
92. Popper, K. R. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Hutchinson, 1972.
93. Preston, J., ed. Paul K. Feyerabend: Knowledge, Science and Relativism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
94. Ravetz, J. R. Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1996.
95. Ruppel Shell, E. "Resurgence of a Deadly Disease." Atlantic Monthly, August 1997.
96. Russell, B. Sceptical Essays. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1961.
97. Sanderson, I. T. A History of Whaling. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1993.
98. Sardar, Z. Thomas Kuhn and the Science Wars. Cambridge: Icon Books, 2000.
99. Sasamoto, H. "Japan Accused of Overhunting Small Whales." Daily Yomiuri, May 11, 1993.
100. Scarff, J. E. "The International Management of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises: An Interdisciplinary Assessment (Part One)." Ecology Law Quarterly, vol. 6, no. 323(1977):326-427.
101. Schweder, T. "Distortion of Uncertainty in Science: Antarctic Fin Whales in the 1950s." Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy, vol. 3, no. 1(2000):73-92.
102. -. "Protecting Whales by Distorting Uncertainty: Non-precautionary Mismanagement?" Fisheries Research, vol. 52, no. 3(July 2001):217-25.
103. Shaw Bond, M., "Special Report: The Backlash Against NGOs", Prospect, April 2000.
104. Shrader-Frechette, K. "Methodological Rules for Four Classes of Scientific Uncertainty." In Lemons, Scientific Uncertainty and Environmental Problem Solving, 12-39.
105. Small, G. L. The Blue Whale. New York: Columbia University Press, 1971.
106. Smith, T. D. Scaling Fisheries: The Science of Measuring the Effects of Fishing, 1855-1955. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
107. Spencer, L. "The Not So Peaceful World Of Greenpeace." Forbes, November 11, 1991.
108. Stamps, T. Address at the closing session of the Third Pan-African Malaria Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, June 1998.
109. Stoett, P. The International Politics of Whaling. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1997.
110. Sweeney, K. "Ford Takes Brave Step on Global Warming." Daily Yomiuri, December 10, 1999.
111. Takahashi, J. "English Dominance in Whaling Debates: A Critical Analysis of Discourse in the International Whaling Commission. " Nichibunken Japan Review, vol. 10 (1998).
112. Taverne, D. "Against Anti-science." Prospect, December 1999.
113. Thompson, P. B. "Uncertainty Arguments in Environmental Issues." Environmental Ethics, vol. 8(Spring 1986):59-75.
114. Timmins, N. "Japan Faces Trade War over Sperm Whale Hunt Curb." The Times, July 22, 1980.
115. -. "Fear of Sperm Whale's Extinction after Killing Ban Is Rejected." The Times, July 25, 1980.
116. -. "Catch Quotas Set for Most Whales." The Times, July 26, 1980.
117. Tønnessen, J. N., and A. O. Johnsen. The History of Modern Whaling. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.
118. Trigg, G. "Japanese Scientific Whaling: An Abuse of Right or Optimum Utilisation?" Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law, vol. 5, no. 1(2000):33-59.
119. Whymant, R. "Japan Launches Secretive Whale Hunt 'For Science.'" The Times, July 6, 1996.
120. Wilkinson, P. "The World Needs More Than Protests." Nature, vol. 396(December 10, 1998):511-12.
121. Young, O. R. International Cooperation: Building Regimes for Natural Resources and the Environment. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.
122. -. International Governance: Protecting the Environment in a Stateless Society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.
123. Young, O. R., G. J. Demko, and K. Ramakrishna, eds. Global Environmental Change and International Governance. Hanover: University Press of New England, 1996.
124. Young, O. R., and G. Osherenko. "The Formation of International Regimes: Hypotheses and Cases." In O. R. Young and G. Osherenko, eds., Polar Politics, 1-21.
125. -, eds. Polar Politics: Creating International Environmental Regimes. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993. Each of the IWC report entries shows two different years. The first, in parentheses, is the year of the associated annual meeting, as described by the Chairman's Report. The second, following the place of publication, is the year the report was published; in both the notes and the bibliography, an IWC document's year of publication is never enclosed in parentheses. The year of publication for each report is the year after the annual meeting, except for the annual meetings held from 1962 to 1974, when publication of each report occurred two years after the associated annual meeting. The commission's 1975 and 1976 annual meetings are contained in one report, the Twenty-seventh Report published in 1977, which means that the annual reports since that year were again published the year subsequent to the associated annual meetings. All of the IWC references in the notes and bibliography include the report number and year of publication except for those documents that either are not a complete annual report or do not reference one in the note itself. Examples of the latter include opening statements, verbatim reports, and some individual committee reports and papers that were not published with the relevant annual report. In these instances, notes and bibliography entries indicate the meeting itself in one of two ways: as either IWC third meeting (1951); or SC/44/⋯, where 44 indicates the forty-fourth meeting.
126. IWC. First Report of the Commission (1949). London, 1950.
127. -. Second Report of the Commission (1950). London, 1951.
128. -. Third Report of the Commission (1951). London, 1952.
129. -. Fourth Report of the Commission (1952). London, 1953.
130. -. Fifth Report of the Commission (1953). London, 1954.
131. -. Sixth Report of the Commission (1954). London, 1955.
132. -. Seventh Report of the Commission (1955). London, 1956.
133. -. Eighth Report of the Commission (1956). London, 1957.
134. -. Ninth Report of the Commission (1957). London, 1958.
135. -. Tenth Report of the Commission (1958). London, 1959.
136. -. Eleventh Report of the Commission (1959). London, 1960.
137. -. Twelfth Report of the Commission (1960). London, 1961.
138. -. Thirteenth Report of the Commission (1961). London, 1962.
139. -. Fourteenth Report of the Commission (1962). London, 1964.
140. -. Fifteenth Report of the Commission (1963). London, 1965.
141. -. Sixteenth Report of the Commission (1964). London, 1966.
142. -. Seventeenth Report of the Commission (1965). London, 1967.
143. -. Eighteenth Report of the Commission (1966). London, 1968.
144. -. Nineteenth Report of the Commission (1967). London, 1969.
145. -. Twentieth Report of the Commission (1968). London, 1970.
146. -. Twenty-first Report of the Commission (1969). London, 1971.
147. -. Twenty-second Report of the Commission (1970). London, 1972.
148. -. Twenty-third Report of the Commission (1971). London, 1973.
149. -. Twenty-fourth Report of the Commission (1972). London, 1974.
150. -. Twenty-fifth Report of the Commission (1973). London, 1975.
151. -. Twenty-sixth Report of the Commission (1974). London, 1976.
152. -. Twenty-seventh Report of the International Whaling Commission (1975 and 1976). Cambridge, 1977.
153. -. Twenty-eighth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1977). Cambridge, 1978.
154. -. Twenty-ninth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1978). Cambridge, 1979.
155. -. Thirtieth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1979). Cambridge, 1980.
156. -. Thirty-first Report of the International Whaling Commission (1980). Cambridge, 1981.
157. -. Thirty-second Report of the International Whaling Commission (1981). Cambridge, 1982.
158. -. Thirty-third Report of the International Whaling Commission (1982). Cambridge, 1983.
159. -. Thirty-fourth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1983). Cambridge, 1984.
160. -. Thirty-fifth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1984). Cambridge, 1985.
161. -. Thirty-sixth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1985). Cambridge, 1986.
162. -. Thirty-seventh Report of the International Whaling Commission (1986). Cambridge, 1987.
163. -. Thirty-eighth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1987). Cambridge, 1988.
164. -. Thirty-ninth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1988). Cambridge, 1989.
165. -. Fortieth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1989). Cambridge, 1990.
166. -. Forty-first Report of the International Whaling Commission (1990). Cambridge, 1991.
167. -. Forty-second Report of the International Whaling Commission (1991). Cambridge, 1992.
168. -. Forty-third Report of the International Whaling Commission (1992). Cambridge, 1993.
169. -. Forty-fourth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1993). Cambridge, 1994.
170. -. Forty-fifth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1994). Cambridge, 1995.
171. -. Forty-sixth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1995). Cambridge, 1996.
172. -. Forty-seventh Report of the International Whaling Commission (1996). Cambridge, 1997.
173. -. Forty-eighth Report of the International Whaling Commission (1997). Cambridge, 1998.
174. -. Annual Report of the International Whaling Commission (1998). Cambridge, 1999.
175. -. Annual Report of the International Whaling Commission (1999). Cambridge, 2000.
176. -. Annual Report of the International Whaling Commission (2000). Cambridge, 2001.
177. "Comprehensive Assessment Workshop on Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE)." In Donovan, Comprehensive Assessment of Whale Stocks, 15-19.
178. "Comprehensive Assessment Workshop on Management." In Donovan, Comprehensive Assessment of Whale Stocks, 21-28.
179. "The Condition of the Antarctic Whale Stocks." Appendix to the "Report of the Special Scientific Sub-Committee." IWC fifth meeting (1953), Document II.
180. Cooke, J. "Simulation Studies of Two Whale Stock Management Procedures." In Donovan, Comprehensive Assessment of Whale Stocks, 147-48.
181. Donovan, G. P., ed. The Comprehensive Assessment of Whale Stocks: The Early Years, Special Issue 11. Cambridge: IWC, 1989.
182. -. Preface. In Donovan, Comprehensive Assessment of Whale Stocks. "Draft Report of the Scientific Committee." IWC sixth meeting (1954), Document XV.
183. Hammond, P. "The Conservation and Management of Small Cetaceans: A Review of the Options." IWC Scientific Committee Paper SC/43/SM12.
184. -. Letter of resignation to the IWC, May 26, 1993, IWC Ref: IWC/2.1.
185. Mackintosh, N. A. "Part 1: Research on the Natural History of Whales." IWC third meeting (1951), Document III.
186. -. "Part 2: Memorandum on the Southern Stocks of Humpback Whales." IWC third meeting (1951), Document III.
187. -. "General Scientific Report." IWC sixth meeting (1954), Document III.
188. "Memorandum of the Dutch Delegation on the Reduction of the 16, 000 Blue Whale Units to the IWC Scientific Committee." IWC fifth meeting (1953).
189. "Opening Statement by the Australian Commissioner." IWC thirty-first meeting (1979), London.
190. "Opening Statement by New Zealand." IWC forty-sixth meeting (1994), Puerto Vallarta.
191. "Opening Statement of New Zealand Commissioner B. J. Lynch." IWC thirty-first meeting (1979), London.
192. "Opening Statement of Richard A. Frank, U. S. Commissioner." IWC thirtyfirst meeting (1979), London.
193. "Report of the Scientific Committee." IWC fourth meeting (1952), Document XV.
194. "Report of the Scientific Committee." IWC fifth meeting, (1953), Document XVII.
195. "Report of the Special Scientific Sub-Committee." IWC sixth meeting (1954), Document II.
196. "Report of the Scientific Sub-Committee." IWC seventh meeting (1955), Document III.
197. "Report of the Special Meeting of the Scientific Committee on Planning for a Comprehensive Assessment of Whale Stocks." In Donovan, The Comprehensive Assessment of Whale Stocks, 3-13.
198. "Report of the Technical Committee." IWC seventh meeting (1955), Document XIX.
199. "Revised Rules of Procedure of the Scientific Committee." Annex M, Report of the Scientific Committee. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, vol. 1(1999):247-50.
200. "Revised Rules of Procedure to Incorporate Changes Agreed at IWC/53." Circular Communication to Commissioners and Contracting Governments IWC. CCG.209. IWC document NJG/JAC/29093, October 9, 2001.
201. Schweder, T. Intransigence, Incompetence or Political Expediency? Dutch Scientists in the International Whaling Commission in the 1950s: Injection of Uncertainty. IWC Scientific Committee Paper SC/44/0 13, 1992.
202. "Verbatim Report of the Plenary Sessions." IWC third meeting (1951), Document XII.
203. "Verbatim Report of the Plenary Sessions." IWC sixth meeting (1954), Document XIV (D).
204. "Verbatim Report of the Plenary Sessions." IWC seventh meeting (1955), Document XXL-C.
205. "Verbatim Report of the Plenary Sessions." IWC eighth meeting (1956), Document XIIIC.
206. "Verbatim Report of the Plenary Sessions." IWC tenth meeting (1958), Document XIII.
207. "Verbatim Report of the Plenary Sessions." IWC twelfth meeting (1960), IWC/12/11.
208. "Verbatim Report of the Plenary Sessions." IWC fifteenth meeting (1963), WC/15/17.
209. "Verbatim Report of the Plenary Sessions." IWC sixteenth meeting (1964), IWC/16/15.
210. "Verbatim Report of the Plenary Sessions." IWC seventeenth meeting (1965), IWC/17/13.
211. Anderson, R. M., R. J. H. Beverton, A. Semb-Johansson, and L. Walløe. The State of the North-East Atlantic Minke Whale Stock: Report of the Group of Scientists Appointed by the Norwegian Government to Review the Basis for Norway's Harvesting. Oslo: Okoforsk, 1987.
212. Australian Department of the Environment and Heritage. "A Universal Metaphor: Australia's Opposition to Commercial Whaling." Report of the National Task Force on Whaling. May 1997. http://www.deh.gov. au/coasts/species/cetaceans/whaling/.
213. Blichfeldt, G., ed. 11 Essays on Whales and Man. Lofoten, Norway: High North Alliance, 1994.
214. Butterworth, D. S. "Sustainable Utilisation of Marine Mammal Resources." In Hallenstvedt and Blichfeldt, Additional Essays on Whales and Man, 11-13.
215. Donovan, G. P. "The International Whaling Commission and the Revised Management Procedure." In Hallenstvedt and Blichfeldt, Additional Essays on Whales and Man, 4-10.
216. Elk, C., and E. H. Buck. Norwegian Commercial Whaling: Issues for Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, December 31, 1996.
217. Extracts and Summary from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's Conference on the Precautionary Principle. Copenhagen: Ministry of Environment and Protection, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, May 29, 1998.
218. Hallenstvedt, E., and G. Blichfeldt, eds. Additional Essays on Whales and Man. Lofoten, Norway: High North Alliance, 1995.
219. Harremoes, P. "Can Risk Analysis Be Applied in Connection with the Precautionary Principle?" In Extracts and Summary from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's Conference on the Precautionary Principle, 30-35.
220. Holt, S. "The Whaling Game." The Siren, no. 35(December 1987):3-6. (Published by UNEP's Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme.)
221. -. Minkes' Saga, Part II or Whatever Happened to Vesterfjord? IFAW/IOI Technical Briefing, vol. 93, no. 7 (May 1993).
222. -. "Coverage of the International Whaling Commission's 1996 Annual Meeting June 23-28, Aberdeen, Scotland." Eco, no. 3 (June 26, 1996).
223. Institute of Cetacean Research. Whale Management Under the International Whaling Commission's Revised Management Procedure (RMP). http://www.whalesci. org/research/management.html.
224. -. Papers on Small-Type Coastal Whaling Submitted by the Government of Japan to the International Whaling Commission 1986-1995. Tokyo: Institute of Cetacean Research, 1996.
225. -. Research on Whales. Tokyo: Institute of Cetacean Research, 1997.
226. The International Harpoon, no. 2, June 25, 1996. (Published by the High North Alliance.)
227. Kalland, A. "Super Whale: The Use of Myths and Symbols in Environmentalism." In Blichfeldt, 11 Essays on Whales and Man, 39-41.
228. Kasamatsu, F. "Counting Whales in the Antarctic." In Institute of Cetacean Research, Research on Whales, 29-38.
229. Klinowska, M. "Brains, Behaviour and Intelligence in Cetaceans (Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises)." In Blichfeldt, 11 Essays on Whales and Man, 21-26.
230. Parsons, R. M. The US Marine Mammal Protection Act: A Report to the High North Alliance on the Waiver Process and Exemptions to the Embargo on Marine Mammal Products. http://www.highnorth.no/Library/Trade/GATT-WTO/us-ma-ma.htm. Report contracted by the High North Alliance in February 1996;
231. released in November 1997.
232. Sorensen, H. "The Environment Movement and Minke Whaling." In Blichfeldt, 11 Essays on Whales and Man, 27-30.
233. Althaus, Dr. Thomas. IWC commissioner for Switzerland. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
234. Aron, Dr. William. Former U. S. IWC commissioner and Scientific Committee member. Personal correspondence.
235. -. Interviewed in Tokyo, March 2001.
236. Asmundsson, Stefan. IWC commissioner for Iceland. Interviewed in London, July 2001, and Shimonoseki, Japan, May 2002.
237. Bannister, John. IWC Scientific Committee member. Personal correspondence.
238. -. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
239. Berninger, Matthias. IWC commissioner for Germany. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
240. Best, Dr. Peter. Former IWC Scientific Committee member. Personal correspondence.
241. Butterworth, Professor Doug. IWC Scientific Committee member. Personal correspondence.
242. -. Interviewed in Tokyo, March 2001, and London, July 2001.
243. Canny, Michael. Republic of Ireland IWC commissioner. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
244. Cooke, Dr. Justin. IWC Scientific Committee member and World Conservation Union representative. Interviewed in London, July 2001, and Shimonoseki, Japan, May 2002.
245. Cowan, Richard. UK IWC commissioner. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
246. De Master, Dr. Doug. IWC Scientific Committee chairman-elect (2002). Personal correspondence.
247. -. Interviewed in Shimonoseki, Japan, May 2002.
248. Donovan, Greg. IWC scientific editor. Personal correspondence.
249. -. Interviewed in London, July 2001, and Shimonoseki, Japan, May 2002.
250. Forkan, Patricia. The Humane Society of the United States. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
251. Freeman, Professor Milton M. R. University of Alberta. Personal correspondence.
252. Gambell, Dr. Ray. Former IWC general secretary and Scientific Committee member. Personal correspondence.
253. -. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
254. Goodman, Dan. Advisor to the Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo, and former Canadian government delegate to the IWC. Personal correspondence.
255. -. Interviewed in Tokyo, March 2001.
256. Grande, Dr. Nicola. IWC Secretary. Interviewed in Histon, UK, July 2001.
257. Harvey, Martin. IWC executive officer. Interviewed in Shimonoseki, Japan, May 2002.
258. Hill, Senator Robert. Australian Minister for the Environment and Heritage. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
259. Holt, Dr. Sidney. Former FAO scientist and member of the Committee of Three and Committee of Four. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
260. Hutton, Dr. Jon. University of Cambridge and Africa Resources Trust. Interviewed in Histon, UK, July 2001.
261. Komatsu, Masayuki. Alternative IWC commissioner for Japan. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
262. Lambertsen, Dr. Richard. Former IWC Scientific Committee member. Personal correspondence.
263. Lapointe, Eugene. World Conservation Trust and former secretary-general for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
264. Mclay, Jim. Alternative IWC commissioner for New Zealand. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
265. Morishita, Joji. Deputy-Director, Far Seas Fisheries Division-Government of Japan. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
266. Ohsumi, Dr. Seiji. Director-General, Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo, and IWC Scientific Committee member. Interviewed in Tokyo, March 2001.
267. Paul, Jonathan. Ocean Defence International. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
268. Phillips, Cassandra. World Wildlife Fund. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
269. Pombo, Richard. U. S. congressman, 11th district, California. Interviewed in Shimonoseki, Japan, May 2002.
270. Schweder, Professor Tore. IWC Scientific Committee member. Personal correspondence.
271. Spong, Dr. Paul. Earth Island Institute. Personal correspondence.
272. Van Note, Craig. Monitor. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
273. Walløe, Professor Lars. IWC Scientific Committee member. Interviewed in London, July 2001.
274. White, Ben. Animal Welfare Institute. Interviewed in London, July 2001.