Reacting to ostracism: Retaliation or reconciliation?

Social Psychology of Inclusion and Exclusion

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 47-62

  Williams, Kipling D ^a   Govan, Cassandra L ^b  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84906452538     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203496176     Document Type: Chapter

References (41)

1. Andrews, D. L. (2002, April 26). Shooting rampage at German school. The New York Times, p. A1.
2. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
3. Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (1990). Anxiety and social exclusion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 165-195.
4. Biehl, J. K. (2002, April 27). 18 die in German high school shooting: Ex-student targets teachers, kills self. Boston Globe, p. A1.
5. Cheung, C. K. T. (1999). Ostracizing clients on the Internet: The effects of not responding to electronic mail enquiries. Unpublished master's thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
6. Craighead, W. E., Kimball, W. H., & Rehak, P. J. (1979). Mood changes, physiological responses, and self-statements during social rejection imagery. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 385-396.
7. Dittes, J. E. (1959). Attractiveness of group as function of self-esteem and acceptance by group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 77-82.
8. Faulkner, S. J. (1998). After the whistle is blown: The aversive impact of ostracism. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toledo, Ohio.
9. Fenigstein, A. (1979). Self-consciousness, self-attention, and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 75-86.
10. Gardner, W., Pickett, C. L., & Brewer, M. B. (2000). Social exclusion and selective memory: How the need to belong influences memory for social events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 486-496.
11. Geller, D. M., Goodstein, L., Silver, M., & Sternberg, W. C. (1974). On being ignored: The effects of violation of implicit rules of social interaction. Sociometry, 37, 541-556.
12. Gottman, J. (1980). Consistency of nonverbal affect and affect reciprocity in marital interaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 711-717.
13. Gottman, J. M. (1979). Marital interaction: Experimental investigations. New York:Academic Press.
14. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. K. L. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480.
15. Gruter, M., & Masters, R. D. (1986). Ostracism as a social and biological phenomenon:An introduction. Ethology and Sociobiology, 7, 149-158.
16. Insko, C. A., Pinkley, R. L., Hoyle, R. H., Dalton, B., Hong, G., Slim, R., et al. (1987). Individual-group discontinuity: The role of intergroup contact. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 250-267.
17. Insko, C. A., Schopler, J., Pemberton, M. B., Wieselquist, J., McIlraith, S. A., Currey, D. P., et al. (1998). Long-term outcome maximization and the reduction of interindividual-intergroup discontinuity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 695-710.
18. Insko, C. A., & Wilson, M. (1977). Interpersonal attraction as a function of social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 903-911.
19. James, W. (1890). Principles of Psychology, Vol. 1. New York: Dover.
20. Leary, M. R. (Ed.). (2001). Interpersonal Rejection. New York: Oxford University Press.
21. Leary, M. R., Kowalski, R. M., Smith, L., & Phillips, S. (2003). Teasing, rejection, and violence: Case studies of the school shootings. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 202-214.
22. Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 518-530.
23. Lemonick, M. D. (2002, May 6). Germany's Columbine. Time Magazine (New York), 159 (18), 36-39.
24. Nezlek, J. B., Kowalski, R. M., Leary, M. R., Blevins, T., & Holgate, S. (1997). Personality moderators of reactions to interpersonal rejection: Depression and trait self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1235-1244.
25. Pedersen, A., & Walker, I. (1997). Prejudice against Australian aborigines: Old fashioned and modern forms. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 561-587.
26. Predmore, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1983, May). The Effects of Social Ostracism on Affiliation. Paper presented at the meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago.
27. Reicher, S. D., Spears, R., & Postmes, T. (1995). A social identity model of deindividuation phenomena. European Review of Social Psychology, 6, 161-198.
28. Snoek, J. D. (1962). Some effects of rejection upon attraction to a group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 175-182.
29. Thompson, H. L., & Richardson, D. R. (1983). The Rooster Effect: Same-sex rivalry and inequity as factors in retaliative aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 415-425.
30. Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Stucke, T. S. (2001). If you can't join them, beat them: Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 1058-1069.
31. Warburton, W. (2002). Aggressive responses to ostracism: The role of loss of control and narcissism. Unpublished honours thesis, Macquarie University, Sydney.
32. Williams, K. D. (1997). Social ostracism. In R. Kowalski (Ed.), Aversive interpersonal behaviors (pp. 133-170). New York: Plenum.
33. Williams, K. D. (2001). Ostracism: The power of silence. New York: Guilford.
34. Williams, K. D., Case, T. I., & Govan, C. L. (2002, March). Impact of Ostracism on Social Judgments: Explicit and Implicit Responses. Conference presentation at the Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology, Sydney.
35. Williams, K. D., Case, T. I., Govan, C. L., & Zadro, L. (2002, May). Effects of social ostracism on sources and targets. Conference presentation at the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
36. Williams, K. D., Cheung, C. K. T., & Choi, W. (2000). Cyberostracism: Effects of being ignored over the Internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 748-762.
37. Williams, K. D., Govan, C. L., Croker, V., Tynan, D., Cruikshank, M., & Lam, A. (2002). Investigations into differences between social and cyber ostracism. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice.
38. Williams, K. D., & Sommer, K. L. (1997). Social ostracism by coworkers: Does rejection lead to social loafing or compensation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 693-706.
39. Williams, K. D., & Zadro, L. (2001). Ostracism: On being ignored, excluded, and rejected. In M. Leary (Ed.), Interpersonal rejection (pp. 21-53). New York:Oxford Press.
40. Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review, 107, 101-126.
41. Zadro, L., & Williams, K. D. (1998, April). Riding the 'O' train: A role-play exercise to examine social ostracism. Proceedings of the Society for Australasian Social Psychology, Christchurch, NZ.