Timing of surgery in valvular heart disease: Prophylactic surgery vs watchful waiting in the asymptomatic patient

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 30, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 1035-1045

  Gillam, Linda D ^a   Marcoff, Leo ^a   Shames, Sofia ^b  

^a MORRISTOWN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NewYork Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO TERMINAL PRO BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE;

AORTA VALVE REPLACEMENT; AORTA VALVE STENOSIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DISEASE COURSE; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; EXERCISE TEST; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; FOLLOW UP; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART VALVE SURGERY; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION; MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT; MORTALITY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; SURGICAL RISK; THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TIME TO TREATMENT; VALVULAR HEART DISEASE; WATCHFUL WAITING;

AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; EXERCISE TEST; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALIZED MEDICINE; MITRAL VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; PROGNOSIS; RISK;

EID: 84906271555     PISSN: 0828282X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.06.019     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Gillam L.D., Schwartz A. Primum non nocere: the case for watchful waiting in asymptomatic "severe" degenerative mitral regurgitation. Circulation 2010, 121:813-821.
2. Enriquez-Sarano M., Sundt T.M. Early surgery is recommended for mitral regurgitation. Circulation 2010, 121:804-812.
3. Grayburn P.A. Should we operate on asymptomatic patients with severe mitral regurgitation?. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2008, 1:142-144.
4. Shah P.K. Severe aortic stenosis should not be operated on before symptom onset. Circulation 2012, 126:118-125.
5. Carabello B.A. Aortic valve replacement should be operated on before symptom onset. Circulation 2012, 126:112-117.
6. Ross J., Braunwald E. Aortic stenosis. Circulation 1968, 38(suppl 1):61-67.
7. Nishimura R.A., Otto C.M., Bonow R.O., et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. JAm Coll Cardiol 2014, 63:2438-2488.
8. Vahanian A., Alfieri O., Andreotti F., et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): the Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2012, 33:2451-2496.
9. Hachicha Z., Dumesnil J.G., Bogaty P., Pibarot P. Paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis despite preserved ejection fraction is associated with higher afterload and reduced survival. Circulation 2007, 115:2856-2864.
10. Pibarot P., Dumesnil J.G. Low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis with normal and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. JAm Coll Cardiol 2012, 60:1845-1853.
11. Hachicha Z., Dumesnil J.G., Pibarot P. Usefulness of the valvuloarterial impedance to predict adverse outcome in asymptomatic aortic stenosis. JAm Coll Cardiol 2009, 54:1003-1011.
12. Mohty D., Magne J., Deltreuil M., et al. Outcome and impact of surgery in paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: a cardiac catheterization Study. Circulation 2013, 128:S235-S242.
13. Eleid M.F., Sorajja P., Michelena H.I., et al. Flow-gradient patterns in severe aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction: clinical characteristics and predictors of survival. Circulation 2013, 128:1781-1789.
14. Mehrotra P., Jansen K., Flynn A.W., et al. Differential left ventricular remodelling and longitudinal function distinguishes low flow from normal-flow preserved ejection fraction low-gradient severe aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2013, 34:1906-1914.
15. Otto C.M., Burwash I.G., Legget M.E., et al. Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis: clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome. Circulation 1997, 95:2262-2270.
16. Das P., Rimington H., Chambers J. Exercise testing to stratify risk in aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2005, 26:1309-1313.
17. Lancellotti P., Karsera D., Tumminello G., Lebois F., Pierard L.A. Determinants of an abnormal response to exercise in patients with asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Eur J Echocardiogr 2008, 9:338-343.
18. Magne J., Lancellotti P., Piérard L.A. Exercise testing in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014, 7:188-199.
19. Amato M.C., Moffa P.J., Werner K.E., Ramires J.A. Treatment decision in asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis: role of exercise testing. Heart 2001, 86:381-386.
20. Rosenhek R., Binder T., Porenta G., et al. Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis. NEngl J Med 2000, 343:611-617.
21. Pellikka P.A., Sarano M.E., Nishimura R.A., et al. Outcome of 622 adults with asymptomatic, hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis during prolonged follow-up. Circulation 2005, 111:3290-3295.
22. Greve A.M., Boman K., Gohlke-Baerwolf C., et al. Clinical implications of electrocardiographic left ventricular strain and hypertrophy in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis: the simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis study. Circulation 2012, 125:346-353.
23. Dahl J.S., Christensen N.L., Videbaek L., et al. Left ventricular diastolic function is associated with symptom status in severe aortic valve stenosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014, 7:142-148.
24. Park S.J., Enriquez-Sarano M., Chang S.A., et al. Hemodynamic patterns for symptomatic presentations of severe aortic stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013, 6:137-146.
25. Shames S., Gillam L.D. Symptoms in patients with severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: is it all about diastole?. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014, 7:8-10.
26. Lancellotti P., Lebois F., Simon M., Tombeux C., Chauvel C., Pierard L.A. Prognostic importance of quantitative exercise doppler echocardiography in asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Circulation 2005, 112:I377-I382.
27. Marechaux S., Hachicha Z., Bellouin A.K., et al. Usefulness of exercise-stress echocardiography for risk stratification of true asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosis. Eur Heart J 2010, 31:1390-1397.
28. Messika-Zeitoun D., Aubry M.C., Detaint D., et al. Evaluation and clinical implications of aortic valve calcification measured by electron-beam computed tomography. Circulation 2004, 110:356-362.
29. Aggarwal S.R., Clavel M.A., Messika-Zeitoun D., et al. Sex differences in aortic valve calcification measured by multidetector computed tomography in aortic stenosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013, 6:40-47.
30. Bergler-Klein J., Klaar U., Heger M., et al. Natriuretic peptides predict symptom-free survival and postoperative outcome in severe aortic stenosis. Circulation 2004, 109:2302-2308.
31. Clavel M.A., Malouf J., Michelena H.I., et al. B-type natriuretic peptide clinical activation in aortic stenosis: impact on long-term survival. JAm Coll Cardiol 2014, 63:2016-2025.
32. Rosenhek R., Zilberszac R., Schemper M., et al. Natural history of very severe aortic stenosis. Circulation 2010, 121:151-156.
33. Carabello B.A. Evaluation and management of patients with aortic stenosis. Circulation 2002, 105:1746-1750.
34. Dewey T.M., Brown D., Ryan W.H., et al. Reliability of risk algorithms in predicting early and late operative outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. JThorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008, 135:180-187.
35. Wendt D., Thielmann M., Kahlert P., et al. Comparison between different risk scoring algorithms on isolated conventional or transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2014, 97:796-802.
36. Wendt D., Osswald B.R., Kayser K., et al. Society of Thoracic Surgeons score is superior to the EuroSCORE determining mortality in high risk patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2009, 88:468-475.
37. Duncan A.I., Lowe B.S., Garcia M.J., et al. Influence of concentric left ventricular remodeling on early mortality after aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2008, 85:2030-2039.
38. Zoghbi W.A., Enriquez-Sarano M., Foster E., et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. JAm Soc Echocardiogr 2003, 16:777-802.
39. Enriquez-Sarano M., Sinak L.J., Tajik A.J., Bailey K.R., Seward J.B. Changes in effective regurgitant orifice throughout systole in patients with mitral valve prolapse. A clinical study using the proximal isovelocity surface area method. Circulation 1995, 92:2951-2958.
40. Enriquez-Sarano M., Miller J., Hayes S.N., et al. Effective mitral regurgitant orifice area: clinical use and pitfalls of the proximal isovelocity surface area method. JAm Coll Cardiol 1995, 25:703-709.
41. Acker M.A., Bolling S., Shemin R., et al. Mitral valve surgery in heart failure: insights from the Acorn Clinical Trial. JThorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006, 132:568-577. 577.e1-4.
42. Grayburn P.A., Roberts B.J., Aston S., et al. Mechanism and severity of mitral regurgitation by transesophageal echocardiography in patients referred for percutaneous valve repair. Am J Cardiol 2011, 108:882-887.
43. Cawley P.J., Hamilton-Craig C., Owens D.S., et al. Prospective comparison of valve regurgitation quantitation by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and transthoracic echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013, 6:48-57.
44. Thavendiranathan P., Liu S., Datta S., et al. Quantification of chronic functional mitral regurgitation by automated 3-dimensional peak and integrated proximal isovelocity surface area and stroke volume techniques using real-time 3-dimensional volume color doppler echocardiography: invitro and clinical validation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013, 6:125-133.
45. Lancellotti P. Stress testing for the evaluation of patients with mitral regurgitation. Curr Opin Cardiol 2012, 27:492-498.
46. Magne J., Lancellotti P., Pierard L.A. Exercise-induced changes in degenerative mitral regurgitation. JAm Coll Cardiol 2010, 56:300-309.
47. Magne J., Lancellotti P., Pierard L.A. Exercise pulmonary hypertension in asymptomatic degenerative mitral regurgitation. Circulation 2010, 122:33-41.
48. Lee R., Haluska B., Leung D.Y., Case C., Mundy J., Marwick T.H. Functional and prognostic implications of left ventricular contractile reserve in patients with asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation. Heart 2005, 91:1407-1412.
49. Lancellotti P., Cosyns B., Zacharakis D., et al. Importance of left ventricular longitudinal function and functional reserve in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation: assessment by two-dimensional speckle tracking. JAm Soc Echocardiogr 2008, 21:1331-1336.
50. Magne J., Mahjoub H., Dulgheru R., et al. Left ventricular contractile reserve in asymptomatic primary mitral regurgitation. Eur Heart J 2014, 35:1608-1616.
51. Naji P., Griffin B.P., Asfahan F., et al. Predictors of long-term outcomes in patients with significant myxomatous mitral regurgitation undergoing exercise echocardiography. Circulation 2014, 129:1310-1319.
52. Rosenhek R., Rader F., Klaar U., et al. Outcome of watchful waiting in asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation. Circulation 2006, 113:2238-2244.
53. Kang D.H., Kim J.H., Rim J.H., et al. Comparison of early surgery versus conventional treatment in asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation. Circulation 2009, 119:797-804.
54. Enriquez-Sarano M., Avierinos J.F., Messika-Zeitoun D., et al. Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. NEngl J Med 2005, 352:875-883.
55. Suri R.M., Vanoverschelde J., Grigioni F. Association between early surgical intervention vs watchful waiting and outcomes for mitral regurgitation due to flail mitral valve leaflets. JAMA 2013, 310:609-616.
56. Grigioni F., Tribouilloy C., Avierinos J.F., et al. Outcomes in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflets: a multicenter European study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2008, 1:133-141.
57. Grigioni F., Enriquez-Sarano M., Ling L.H., et al. Sudden death in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. JAm Coll Cardiol 1999, 34:2078-2085.
58. Omran A., Woo A., David T.E., et al. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography accurately predicts mitral valve anatomy and suitability for repair. JAm Soc Echocardiogr 2002, 15:950-957.
59. Castillo J.G., Anyanwu A.C., El-Eshmawi A., Adams D.H. All anterior and bileaflet mitral valve prolapses are repairable in the modern era of reconstructive surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014, 45:139-145.
60. Gammie J.S., Sheng S., Griffith B.P., et al. Trends in mitral valve surgery in the United States: results from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Database. Ann Thorac Surg 2009, 87:1431-1439.
61. Flameng W., Meuris B., Herijgers P., Herregods M.C. Durability of mitral valve repair in Barlow disease versus fibroelastic deficiency. JThorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008, 135:274-282.
62. David T.E., Armstrong S., McCrindle B.W., Manlhiot C. Late outcomes of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation due to degenerative disease. Circulation 2013, 127:1485-1492.
63. David T.E., Ivanov J., Armstrong S., Christie D., Rakowski H. Acomparison of outcomes of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease with posterior, anterior, and bileaflet prolapse. JThorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005, 130:1242-1249.
64. Avierinos J.F., Brown R.D., Foley D.A., et al. Cerebral ischemic events after diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse: a community-based study of incidence and predictive factors. Stroke 2003, 34:1339-1344.
65. Shuhaiber J., Anderson R.J. Meta-analysis of clinical outcomes following surgical mitral valve repair or replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007, 31:267-275.