Blood pressure-lowering treatment based on cardiovascular risk: A meta-analysis of individual patient data

The Lancet

Volumn 384, Issue 9943, 2014, Pages 591-598

  Sundström, Johan ^a,b   Arima, Hisatomi ^b   Woodward, Mark ^b,c,g   Jackson, Rod ^d   Karmali, Kunal ^e   Lloyd Jones, Donald ^e   Baigent, Colin ^c   Emberson, Jonathan ^c   Rahimi, Kazem ^b,g   Macmahon, S ^g   Patel, Anushka ^b   Perkovic, Vlado ^b   Turnbull, Fiona ^b   Neal, Bruce ^b,f,g   Agodoa, L ^g   Estacio, R ^g   Schrier, R ^g   Lubsen, J ^g   Chalmers, J ^g   Cutler, J ^g   Davis, B ^g   Wing, L ^g   Poulter, N R ^g   Sever, P ^g   Remuzzi, G ^g   Ruggenenti, P ^g   Nissen, S ^g   Lindholm, L H ^g   Fukui, T ^g   Ogihara, T ^g   Saruta, T ^g   Black, H ^g   Sleight, P ^g   Lievre, M ^g   Suzuki, H ^g   Fox, K ^g   Lisheng, L ^g   Ohkubo, T ^g   Imai, Y ^g   Yusuf, S ^g   Bulpitt, C J ^g   Lewis, E ^g   Brown, M ^g   Palmer, C ^g   Wang, J ^g   Pepine, C ^g   Ishii, M ^g   Yui, Y ^g   Kuramoto, K ^g   Pfeffer, M ^g   Asselbergs, F W ^g   van Gilst, W H ^g   Byington, B ^g   Pitt, B ^g   Brenner, B ^g   Remme, W J ^g   de Zeeuw, D ^g   Rahman, M ^g   Viberti, G ^g   Teo, K ^g   Zanchetti, A ^g   Malacco, E ^g   Mancia, G ^g   Staessen, J ^g   Fagard, R ^g   Holman, R ^g   Hansson, L ^g   Kostis, J ^g   Kanno, Y ^g   Lueders, S ^g   Matsuzaki, M ^g   Poole Wilson, P ^g   Schrader, J ^g   Anderson, C ^g   Chapman, N ^g   Collins, R ^g   Rodgers, A ^g   Whelton, P ^g   more..

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^e NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^g NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; PLACEBO;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; META ANALYSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK REDUCTION; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; ADULT; BLOOD PRESSURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); PATIENT CODING; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DECISION MAKING; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84906241463     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: 1474547X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61212-5     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Jackson R, Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Milne RJ, Rodgers A. Treatment with drugs to lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol based on an individual’s absolute cardiovascular risk. Lancet 2005; 365: 434-41.
2. Jackson R, Barham P, Bills J, et al. Management of raised blood pressure in New Zealand: a discussion document. BMJ 1993; 307: 107-10.
3. Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013. ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College Of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129 (suppl 2): S1-45.
4. Cooper A, O’Flynn N, for the Guideline Development Group. Risk assessment and lipid modification for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2008; 336: 1246-48.
5. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association For Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1635-701.
6. Tonkin A, Barter P, Best J, et al, for the National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Position statement on lipid management—2005. Heart Lung Circ 2005; 14: 275-91.
7. Krause T, Lovibond K, Caulfield M, McCormack T, Williams B. Management of hypertension: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2011; 343: d4891.
8. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311: 507-20.
9. Hackam DG, Quinn RR, Ravani P, et al, for the Canadian Hypertension Education Program. The 2013. Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29: 528-42.
10. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet 2012; 380: 581-90.
11. World Health Organization-International Society Of Hypertension Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Protocol for prospective collaborative overviews of major randomized trials of blood-pressure-lowering treatments. J Hypertens 1998; 16: 127-37.
12. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists Collaboration, Turnbull F, Neal B, et al. Blood pressure-dependent and independent effects of agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens 2007; 25: 951-58.
13. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527-35.
14. The Cochrane Collaboration Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration Oxford/London, UK
15. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
16. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 829-40.
17. Ruggenenti P, Fassi A, Ilieva AP, et al, for the Bergamo Nephrologic Diabetes Complications Trial (BENEDICT) Investigators. Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1941-51.
18. Marre M, Lievre M, Chatellier G, Mann JF, Passa P, Menard J, for the DIABHYCAR Study Investigators. Effects of low dose ramipril on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and raised excretion of urinary albumin: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial (the DIABHYCAR study). BMJ 2004; 328: 495.
19. European Trial on Reduction of Cardiac Events with Perindopril in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003; 362: 782-88.
20. MacMahon S, Sharpe N, Gamble G, et al, for the PART-2. Collaborative Research Group. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, in patients with coronary or other occlusive vascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 438-43.
21. Asselbergs FW, Diercks GF, Hillege HL, et al, for the Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease Intervention Trial (PREVEND IT) Investigators. Effects of fosinopril and pravastatin on cardiovascular events in subjects with microalbuminuria. Circulation 2004; 110: 2809-16.
22. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindoprilbased blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033-41.
23. Teo K, Burton J, Buller C, et al, for the SCAT Investigators. Long-term effects of cholesterol lowering and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on coronary atherosclerosis. The Simvastatin/enalapril Coronary Atherosclerosis Trial (SCAT). Circulation 2000; 102: 1748-54.
24. Pitt B, Byington R, Furberg C, et al, for the PREVENT Investigators. Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events. Circulation 2000; 102: 1503-10.
25. Staessen J, Fagard R, Thijs L, et al, for the SYST-EUR Study Group. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension in Europe. Lancet 1997; 350: 757-64.
26. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, et al, for the HYVET Study Group. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1887-98.
27. Estacio R, Jeffers B, Hiatt W, Biggerstaff S, Gifford N, Schrier R. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin dependant diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 645-52.
28. Schrier R, Estacio R, Esler A, Mehler P. Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int 2002; 61: 1086-97.
29. Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al, for the HOT Study Group. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 1998; 351: 1755-62.
30. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998; 317: 703-13.
31. MacMahon S, Rodgers A. The effects of blood pressure reduction in older patients: an overview of five randomized controlled trials in elderly hypertensives. Clin Exp Hypertens 1993; 15: 967-78.
32. Reboldi G, Angeli F, de Simone G, Staessen JA, Verdecchia P, Cardio-Sis I. Tight versus standard blood pressure control in patients with hypertension with and without cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 2014; 63: 475-82.
33. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903-13.
34. Jackson R. Updated New Zealand cardiovascular disease riskbenefit prediction guide. BMJ 2000; 320: 709-10.
35. De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 1601-10.
36. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel On Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143-21.
37. Rothwell PM, Warlow CP, for the European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Prediction of benefit from carotid endarterectomy in individual patients: a risk-modelling study. Lancet 1999; 353: 2105-10.
38. Kent DM, Hayward RA, Griffith JL, et al. An independently derived and validated predictive model for selecting patients with myocardial infarction who are likely to benefit from tissue plasminogen activator compared with streptokinase. Am J Med 2002; 113: 104-11.
39. Califf RM, Woodlief LH, Harrell FE Jr, et al. Selection of thrombolytic therapy for individual patients: development of a clinical model. Gusto-I Investigators. Am Heart J 1997; 133: 630-39.
40. Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 2375-414.
41. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 2413-46.
42. Eddy DM, Adler J, Patterson B, Lucas D, Smith KA, Morris M. Individualised guidelines: the potential for increasing quality and reducing costs. Ann Intern Med 2011; 154: 627-34.
43. Cobiac LJ, Magnus A, Barendregt JJ, Carter R, Vos T. Improving the cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular disease prevention in Australia: a modelling study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12: 398.
44. Gaziano TA, Steyn K, Cohen DJ, Weinstein MC, Opie LH. Cost-effectiveness analysis of hypertension guidelines in South Africa: absolute risk versus blood pressure level. Circulation 2005; 112: 3569-76.
45. Montgomery AA, Fahey T, Ben-Shlomo Y, Harding J. The influence of absolute cardiovascular risk, patient utilities, and costs on the decision to treat hypertension: a markov decision analysis. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1753-59.
46. Dorresteijn JA, Visseren FL, Ridker PM, et al. Estimating treatment effects for individual patients based on the results of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 2011; 343: d5888.
47. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000; 355: 253-59.