The southern North Sea and the human occupation of northwest Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum

Geologie en Mijnbouw/Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

Volumn 93, Issue 1-2, 2014, Pages 55-70

  Peeters, J H M ^a   Momber, G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Last glacial maximum; Late palaeolithic; Mesolithic; North Sea; Site taphonomy

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; ARCHAEOLOGY; HOLOCENE; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; LANDSCAPE; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MESOLITHIC; PALEOLITHIC; SETTLEMENT HISTORY; SKELETAL REMAINS; TAPHONOMY;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; EUROPE; NORTH SEA;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 84906053189     PISSN: 00167746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/njg.2014.3     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Andersson, M. & Knarrström, B., 1999. Senpaleolithikum i Skåne. Riksantikvarie ämbetet (Lund): 128 pp.
2. Arts, N., 1988. A survey of final Palaeolithic archaeology in the southern Netherlands. In: Otte, M. (ed.): De la Loire à l'Oder. Les civilisations du Paléolithique Final dans le Nord-Ouest Européen. Archaeopress (Oxford): 287-356.
3. Arts, N. & Deeben, J., 1981. Prehistorische jagers en verzamelaars te Vessem: een model. Stichting Brabants Heem (Eindhoven): 243 pp.
4. Arts, N. & Deeben, J., 1987. On the northwestern border of the late Magdalenian territory: ecology and archaeology of early late band societies in northwestern Europe. In: Burdukiewicz, J. M. & Kobusiewicz, M. (eds): Late Glacial in Central Europe, culture and environment. Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk (Wroclaw): 25-66.
5. Åstveit, L., 2009. Different ways of building, different ways of living: Mesolithic house structures in western Norway. In: McCartan, S., Schulting, R., Warren, G. & Woodman, P. (eds): Mesolithic Horizons. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 414-421.
6. Audouze, F. & Enloe, J., 1991. Subsistence strategies and economy in theMagdalenian of the Paris Basin, France. In: Barton, N., Roberts, A.J. & Roe, D.A. (eds): The Late Glacial in north-west Europe: human adaptation and environmental change at the end of the Pleistocene. Council of British Archaeology (York): 63-71.
7. Baales, M., 1996. Umwelt und Jagdökonomie der Ahrensburger Rentierjäger im Mittelgebirge. Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum (Mainz/Bonn): 364 pp.
8. Baales, M., 1999. Economy and seasonality in the Ahrensburgian. In: Kozlowski, S.K., Gruba, J. & Zaliznyak, L. (eds): Tanged Points Cultures in Europe. Read at the International Archaeological Symposium. Lublin, September 13-16, 1993. Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Press (Lublin): 64-75.
9. Baales, M., 2002. Der spätpaläolithische Fundplatz Kettig. Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum (Mainz): 300 pp.
10. Baales, M., 2004. Local and regional economic systems of the Central Rhineland Final Palaeolithic (Federmessergruppen). In: Crombé, Ph. & Vermeersch, P. (eds): The Mesolithic. Archaeopress (Oxford): 3-10.
11. Bailey, G., 2004. The wider significance of submerged archaeological sites and their relevance to world prehistory. In: Flemming, N.C. (ed.): Submarine Prehistoric Archaeology of the North Sea: Research priorities and collaboration with industry. Council of British Archaeology (York): 3-10.
12. Bailey, G. & Milner, N.J., 2002. Coastal hunters and gatherers, and social evolution: marginal or central? Before Farming 2002-1: 1-15.
13. Ballin, T. B., Saville, A., Tipping, R. & Ward, T., 2010. An Upper Palaeolithic flint and chert assemblage from Howburn Farm, South Lanarkshire, Scotland: first results. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 29: 323-360.
14. Bang-Anderson, S., 2003. Encircling the living space of early Postglacial reindeer hunters in the interior of Southern Norway. In: Kindgren, H., Knutsson, K., Loeffler, D. & Åkerlund, A. (eds): Mesolithic on the Move. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 193-204.
15. Barton, R.N.E., 1998. Long blade technology and the question of British Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene lithic assemblages. In: Aschton, N., Healy, F. & Pettitt, P. (eds): Stone Age archaeology. Essays in honour of John Wymer. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 158-164.
16. Barton, R.N.E., Jacobi, R.M., Stapert, D. & Street, M.J., 2003. The Lateglacial reoccupation of the British Isles and the Creswellian. Journal of Quaternary Science 18: 631-643.
17. Beets, D.J. & van der Spek, A.J.F., 2000. The Holocene evolution of the barrier and the back-barrier basins of Belgium and the Netherlands as a function of late Weichselian morphology, relative sea-level rise and sediment supply. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79: 3-16.
18. Bell, M., 2007. Prehistoric Coastal Communities: The Mesolithic in Western Britain. Council for British Archaeology (York): 318-343.
19. Bjerck, H.B., 2009. Colonizing seascapes: comparative perspectives on the development of maritime relations in the Pleistocene/Holocene transition in northwest Europe. In: McCartan, S.B., Schulting, R., Warren, G. & Woodman, P. (eds): Mesolithic Horizons. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 16-23.
20. Clark, J.G.D., 1936. The Mesolithic settlement of northern Europe. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge): 284 pp.
21. Clark, J.G.D., 1954. Excavations at Star Carr, an Early Mesolithic site at Seamer near Scarborough, Yorkshire. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge): 252 pp.
22. Cohen, K., Gibbard, Ph. & Weerts, H., 2014. North Sea palaeogeographical reconstructions of the last 1 Ma. Netherlands Journal of GeoSciences. (In press).
23. Coles, B., 1998. Doggerland: a speculative survey. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 64: 45-81.
24. Conneller, C., 2009a. Transforming bodies: mortuary practices in Mesolithic Britain. In: McCartan, S., Schulting, R., Warren, G. & Woodman, P. (eds): Mesolithic Horizons. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 690-697.
25. Conneller, C., 2009b. Death. In: Conneller, C. & Warren, G. (eds): Mesolithic Britain and Ireland: New Approaches. The History Press (Stroud): 139-164.
26. David, E., 2009. Show me how you make your hunting equipment and I will tell you where you come from: technical traditions, an efficient means of characterizing cultural identities. In: McCartan, S., Schulting, R., Warren, G. & Woodman, P. (eds): Mesolithic Horizons. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 362-367.
27. de Bie, M. & Caspar, J.-P., 2000. Rekem. A Federmesser Camp on the Meuse River Bank. Vlaams Instituut voor Onroerend Erfgoed (Leuven): 325 pp.
28. Deeben, J., 1988. The Geldrop sites and the Federmesser occupation of the Southern Netherlands. In: Otte, M. (ed.): De la Loire à l'Oder. Les civilisations du Paléolithique Final dans le Nord-Ouest Européen. Archaeopress (Oxford): 357-398.
29. Deeben, J., Dijkstra, P. & van Gisbergen, P., 2000. Some new 14C dates from sites of the Ahrensburg culture in the southern Netherlands. Notae Praehistoricae 20: 95-109.
30. Elburg, R. & van der Kroft, P., 1997. Überraschungen aus der Tiefe. Das Moorprojekt Reichwalde. Archäologie Aktuell im Freistaat Sachsen 5: 90-95.
31. Fischer, A. (ed.), 1995. Man and sea in the Mesolithic. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 440 pp.
32. Fischer, A., 1997. People and the sea - settlement and fishing along the Mesolithic coasts. In: Pedersen, L., Fischer, A. & Aaby, B. (eds): The Danish Storebælt Since the Ice Age - Man, Sea and Forest. A/S Storebælt Fixed Link (Copenhagen): 63-77.
33. Fischer, A., 2004. Submerged Stone Age - Danish examples and North Sea potential. In: Flemming, N. C. (ed.): Submarine Prehistoric Archaeology of the North Sea: Research priorities and collaboration with industry. Council of British Archaeology (York): 21-36.
34. Gaffney, V.L., Thomson, K. & Fitch, S. (eds), 2007. Mapping Doggerland: The Mesolithic Landscapes of the Southern North Sea. Archaeopress (Oxford): 131 pp.
35. Gaffney, V.L., Fitch, S. & Smith, D., 2009. Europe's lost world. The rediscovery of Doggerland. Council of British Archaeology (York): 232 pp.
36. Garrow, D. & Sturt, F., 2011. Grey waters bright with Neolithic argonauts? Maritime connections and the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition within the 'western seaways' of Britain, c. 5000-3500 BC. Antiquity 85: 59-72.
37. Glimmerveen, J., 2007. Fish and Stones. North Sea Prehistory Newsletter 1: 9-10.
38. Glimmerveen, J., Mol, D., Post, K., Reumer, J.W.F., van der Plicht, H., de Vos, J., van Geel, B., van Reenen, G. & Pals, J. P., 2004. The North Sea project: the first palaeontological, palynological, and archaeological results. In: Flemming, N.C. (ed.): Submarine prehistoric archaeology of the North Sea: research priorities and collaboration with industry. Council of British Archaeology (York): 43-52.
39. Glimmerveen, J., Mol, D. & van der Plicht, J., 2006. The Pleistocene reindeer of the North Sea - initial palaeontological data and archaeological remarks. Quaternary International 142/143: 242-246.
40. Grøn, O., 2003. Mesolithic dwelling places in south Scandinavia: their definition and social interpretation. Antiquity 77: 685-708.
41. Grøn, O., 2005. A Siberian perspective on the North European Hamburgian Culture: a study in applied ethnoarchaeology. Before Farming 2005-1: 1-30.
42. Gumiński, W. & Michniewicz, M., 2003. Forest and mobility. A case from the fishing camp site Dudka, Masuria, north-eastern Poland. In: Kindgren, H., Knutsson, K., Loeffler, D. and Åkerlund, A. (eds): Mesolithic on the Move. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 119-127.
43. Hansen, J.S., 1981. Naturegasprojektet og de Marinarkæologiske Forundersøgelser. Copenhagen.
44. Hijma, M.P. & Cohen, K.M., 2010. Timing and magnitude of the sea-level jump preluding the 8200 yr event. Geology 38: 275-278.
45. Housley, R.A. 1991. The Late Glacial in north-west Europe: human adaptation and environmental change at the end of the Pleistocene. In: Barton, R.N.E., Roberts, A.J. & Roe, D.A. (eds): Late glacial in NW Europe. Council for British Archaeology (London): 25-39.
46. Housley, R.A., Gamble, C.S., Street, M. & Pettitt, P., 1997. Radiocarbon evidence for the Lateglacial human recolonisation of Northern Europe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63: 25-54.
47. Hublin, J.-J., Weston, D., Gunz, Ph., Richards, M., Roebroeks, W., Glimmerveen, J. & Anthonis, L., 2009. Out of the North Sea: the Zeeland Ridges Neandertal. Journal of Human Evolution 57: 777-785.
48. Jacobi, R.M., 1981. The last hunters in Hampshire. In: Shennan, S.J. & Schadla Hall, R.T. (eds): The Archaeology of Hampshire. Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society (Winchester): 10-25.
49. Jacobi, R.M., 1991. The Creswellian, Creswell and Cheddar. In: Barton, N., Roberts, A.J. & Roe, D.A. (eds): The Late Glacial in north-west Europe: human adaptation and environmental change at the end of the Pleistocene. Council of British Archaeology (York): 128-140.
50. Jöris, O. & Thissen, J., 1997. Microlithic tool assemblages associated with long blade technology. Ubach-Palenberg (Lower Rhine area) - a case study on a Late Palaeolithic site at the boundary Younger Dryas/Preboreal. In: Fagnart, J.-P. & Thévenin, A. (eds): Le Tardiglaciaire en Europe du Nord-Ouest. Editions du CTHS (Paris): 611-621.
51. Jöns, H., Lübke, H., Lüth, F. & Terberger, Th., 2007. Prehistoric settlements and development of the regional economic area. Archaeological investigations along the northeast German Baltic Sea coast. In: Harff, J. & Lüth, F. (eds): SINCOS I - Sinking coasts. Geosphere, ecosphere and anthroposphere of the Holocene southern Baltic Sea. Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission 88: 149-188.
52. Keeley, L.H., 1991. Ethnographic models for Late Glacial hunter-gatherers. In: Barton, N., Roberts, A. J. & Roe, D. A. (eds): The Late Glacial in north-west Europe: human adaptation and environmental change at the end of the Pleistocene. Council of British Archaeology (York): 179-190.
53. Kelly, R., 1995. The foraging spectrum. Diversity in hunter-gatherer lifeways. Smithsonian Institution Press (Washington): 446 pp.
54. Kiden, P., Denys, L. & Johnston, P., 2002. Late Quaternary sea-level change and isostatic and tectonic land movements along the Belgian-Dutch North Sea coast: geological data and model results. Journal of Quaternary Science 17: 535-546.
55. Lauwerier, R.C.G.M. & Deeben, J., 2011. Burnt animal remains from Federmesser sites in the Netherlands. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 41: 1-20.
56. Leakey, L.S.B., 1951. Preliminary excavations of a Mesolithic site at Abinger Common Surrey. Research Papers of the Surrey Archaeology Society: 1-42.
57. Leary, J., 2009. Perceptions and responses to the Holocene flooding of the North Sea lowlands. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 28: 227-237.
58. Long, D., Wickham-Jones, C.R. & Ruckley, N.A., 1986. A flint artefact from the North Sea. In: Roe, D. (ed.): Studies in the Upper Palaeolithic in Britain and northwest Europe. Archaeopress (Oxford): 55-62.
59. Louwe Kooijmans, L.P., 1971. Mesolithic bone and antler implements from the North Sea and from the Netherlands. Berichten Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek 20/21: 27-73.
60. Lübke, H., 2009. Hunters and fishers in a changing world. Investigations on submerged Stone Age sites off the Baltic coast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. In: McCartan, S., Schulting, R., Warren, G. & Woodman, P. (eds): Mesolithic Horizons. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 556-563.
61. Maarleveld, Th. J., 1984. 1983: derde jaar archeologie in Nederlandse wateren. Ministerie van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur (Rijswijk): 44 pp.
62. Mol, D., Post, K., Reumer, J.W.F., van der Plicht, J., de Vos, J., van Geel, B., van Reenen, G., Pals, J.-P. & Glimmerveen, J., 2006. The Eurogeul - first report of the palaeontological, palynological and archaeological investigations of this part of the North Sea. Quaternary International 142/143: 178-185.
63. Momber, G., 2011. Submerged landscape excavations in the Solent, southern Britain: climate change and cultural development. In: Benjamin, J., Bonsall, C., Pickard, C. & Fischer, A. (eds): Submerged Prehistory. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 85-98.
64. Momber, G., Tomalin, D., Scaife, R. Satchell, J. & Gillespie, J. (eds), 2011. Mesolithic occupation at Bouldnor Cliff and the submerged prehistoric landscapes of the Solent. Council for British Archaeology (York): 197 pp.
65. Pedersen, L., 1997. Settlement and subsistence in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic. In: Pedersen, L., Fischer, A. & Aaby, B. (eds): The Danish Storebælt Since the Ice Age - Man, Sea and Forest. A/S Storebælt Fixed Link (Copenhagen): 109-115.
66. Pedersen, L., Fischer, A. & Aaby, B. (eds), 1997. The Danish Storebælt Since the Ice Age - Man, Sea and Forest. A/S Storebælt Fixed Link (Copenhagen): 339pp
67. Peeters, J.H.M., 2007. Hoge Vaart-A27 in context: towards a model of Mesolithic-Neolithic land use dynamics as a framework for archaeological heritage management. Rijksdienst voor Archeologie, Cultuurlandschap en Monumenten (Amersfoort): 340 pp.
68. Rankine, W.F., 1952. A Mesolithic Chipping Floor at the Warren Oakhanger, Selborne, Hants. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 18: 21-25.
69. Reid, C., 1913. Submerged forests. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge): 129 pp.
70. Rensink, E., 2010. Eyserheide. A Magdalenian open-air site in the loess area of the Netherlands and its archaeological context. Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 42 (Leiden): 276 pp.
71. Rensink, E., Deeben, J. & Stapert, D., 1996. The Upper and Late Palaeolithic in the Netherlands. Etudes et Recherches Archéologiques de l'Université de Liège 76: 187-191.
72. Reynier, M., 2000. Thatcham revisited: spatial and stratigraphic analysis of two subassemblages from Site III and its implications for Early Mesolithic typo-chronology in Britain. In: Young, R. (ed.). Mesolithic lifeways: current research from Britain and Ireland. Leicester University (Leicester): 33-46.
73. Rieu, R., van Heteren, S., van der Spek, A.J.F. & de Boer, P.L., 2005. Development and preservation of a mid-Holocene tidal channel network offshore the western Netherlands. Journal of Sedimentary Research 75: 409-419.
74. Roebroeks, W. 2000. A marginal matter: the human occupation of northwestern Europe - 30,000 to 20,000 years bp. In: Roebroeks, W., Mussi, M., Svoboda, J. & Fennema, K. (eds): Hunters of the Golden Age. The mid Upper Palaeolithic of Eurasia 30,000-20,000 BP. Leiden University Press (Leiden): 299-312.
75. Roebroeks, W., 2006. Introduction to session 3: Site and landscape approaches. In: Rensink, E. & Peeters, H. (eds): Preserving the early past. Investigation, selection and preservation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic sites and landscapes. Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek (Amersfoort): 139-140.
76. Roebroeks, W., 2014. Terra incognita. The Palaeolithic record of northwest Europe and the information potential of the southern North Sea. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. (In press).
77. Schulting, R., 2009. Worm's Head and Caldey Island (South Wales, UK) and the question of Mesolithic territories. In: McCartan, S., Schulting, R., Warren, G. & Woodman, P. (eds): Mesolithic Horizons. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 354-361.
78. Stapert, D., 1985. A small Creswellian site at Emmerhout (province of Drenthe, the Netherlands). Palaeohistoria 27: 1-65.
79. Street, M., 1998. The archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in the northern Rhineland, Germany. Quaternary International 49/50: 45-67.
80. Street, M., Baales, M., Cziesla, E., Hartz, S., Heinen, M., Jöris, O., Koch, I., Pasda, Cl., Terberger, Th. & Vollbrecht, J., 2001. Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic research in reunified Germany. Journal of World Prehistory 15: 365-453.
81. Suddaby, I., 2007. Downsizing in the Mesolithic? The discovery of two associated post-circles at Silvercrest, Lesmurdie Road, Elgin, Scotland. In: Waddington, C. & Pedersen, K. (eds): Mesolithic Studies in the North Sea Basin and Beyond. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 60-68.
82. Tizzard, L., Baggaley, P.A. & Firth, A.J., 2011. Seabed Prehistory: investigating palaeolandsurfaces with Palaeolithic remains from the southern North Sea. In: Benjamin, J., Bonsall, C., Pickard, C. & Fischer, A. (eds): Submerged Prehistory. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 65-74.
83. van de Noort, R., 2011. North Sea archaeologies. A maritime biography, 10,000 BC-AD 1500. Oxford University Press (Oxford): 282 pp.
84. van Heteren, S., Meekes, J.A.C., Bakker, M.A.J., Gaffney, V., Fitch, S., Gearey, B.R. & Paap, B.F., 2014. Reconstructing North Sea palaeolandscapes from 3D and high-density 2D seismic data: an overview. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. (In press).
85. van Noort, G.J. & Wouters, A.M., 1987. De jagers-verzamelaars van de Ahrensburgkultuur. Archaeologische Berichten 18: 63-118.
86. van Noort, G.J., Wiltenburg, D. & Geertsema, K., 2002. Een rendierjagersvindplaats van de Ahrensburgcultuur in de zuidelijke Noordzee. APAN Extern 10: 55-69.
87. Verhart, L.B.M., 1988. Mesolithic barbed points and other implements from Europoort, The Netherlands. Oudheidkundige Mededelingen Rijksmuseum voor Oudheden Leiden 68: 145-194.
88. Verhart, L.B.M., 1995. Fishing for the Mesolithic. The North Sea: a submerged prehistoric landscape. In: Fischer, A. (ed.): Man and Sea in the Mesolithic. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 291-302.
89. Verhart, L.B.M., 2004. The implications of prehistoric finds on and off the Dutch coast. In: Flemming, N.C. (ed.): Submarine Prehistoric Archaeology of the North Sea: Research priorities and collaboration with industry. Council of British Archaeology (York): 57-61.
90. Vos, P., van den Berg, M., Bunnik, F., Cremer, H., de Keine, M., Maljers, D. & Mesdag, C., 2010. Geoarcheologisch vooronderzoek ten behoeve van het Yangtzehavenproject: inventariserend veldonderzoek, fase 2. Deltares (Utrecht): 114 pp.
91. Waddington, C. (ed.), 2007a. Mesolithic settlement in the North Sea basin. A case study from Howick, North-East England. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 235 pp.
92. Waddington, C., 2007b. Rethinking Mesolithic settlement and a case study from Howick. In: Waddington, C. & Pedersen, K. (eds): Mesolithic Studies in the North Sea Basin and Beyond. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 101-113.
93. Ward, I. & Larcombe, P., 2008. Determining the preservation rating of submerged archaeology in the post-glacial southern North Sea: a first-order geomorphological approach. Environmental Archaeology 13: 59-83.
94. Ward, I., Larcombe, P. & Lillie, M., 2006. The dating of Doggerland - post-glacial geochronology of the southern North Sea. Environmental Archaeology 11: 207-218.
95. Warren, G., 2007. The archaeology of the Mesolithic in north east Scotland: deconstructing culture, constructing identity. In: Waddington, C. & Pedersen, K. (eds): Mesolithic Studies in the North Sea Basin and Beyond. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 137-155.
96. Weninger, B., Schulting, R., Bradtmöller, M., Clare, L., Collard, M., Edinborough, K., Hilpert, J., Jöris, O., Niekus, M., Rohling, E.J. & Wagner, B., 2008. The catastrophic flooding of Doggerland by the Storegga Slide tsunami. Documenta Praehistorica XXXV: 1-24.
97. Wickham-Jones, C.R., 2009. Them bones: midden sites as a defining characteristic of the Scottish Mesolithic. In: McCartan, S., Schulting, R., Warren, G. and Woodman, P. (eds): Mesolithic Horizons. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 478-484.
98. Wiggers, A.J., 1955. De wording van het Noordoostpoldergebied. Tjeenk Willink (Zwolle): 214 pp.
99. Woodman, P., 2003. Colonising the edge of Europe: Ireland as a case study. In: Kindgren, H., Knutsson, K., Loeffler, D. & Åkerlund, A. (eds): Mesolithic on the Move. Oxbow Books (Oxford): 57-61.
100. Zvelebil, M., Green, S.W. & Macklin, M.G., 1992. Archaeological landscapes, lithic scatters and human behaviour. In: Rossignol, J. &Wandsnider, L. (eds): Space, time and archaeological landscapes. Springer (New York): 193-226.