Look, a white!: Philosophical essays on whiteness

Look, a White!: Philosophical Essays on Whiteness

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-208

  Yancy, George ^a  

^a DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84905926125     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (361)

1. Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, trans. Charles Lam Markmann (New York: Grove Press, 1967), 112.
2. Robert Gooding-Williams, "Look, a Negro!" in Reading Rodney King, Reading Urban Uprising, ed. Robert Gooding-Williams (New York: Routledge, 1993), 165.
3. Judith Butler, "Endangered/Endangering: Schematic Racism and White Paranoia", in Reading Rodney King, Reading Urban Uprising, ed. Robert Gooding-Williams (New York: Routledge, 1993), 18.
4. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 113.
5. Mike Hill, After Whiteness: Unmaking an American Majority (New York: New York University Press, 2004), 215.
6. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 109.
7. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 177.
8. Butler, "Endangered/Endangering", 18.
9. Drew Griffin and Scott Bronstein, "Video Shows White Teens Driving over, Killing Black Man, Says DA", CNN, August 8, 2011, available at http://www.cnn.com/2011/CRIME/08/06/mississippi.hate.crime/index.html?hpt= hp-pl&iref=NSl.
10. Butler, "Endangered/Endangering", 20.
11. James Baldwin, clip from Take This Hammer, available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0L5fciA6AU.
12. Geneva Smitherman, Black Talk: Woods and Phrases from the Hood- to the Amen Corner (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994), 133.
13. Butler, "Endangered/Endangering", 17.
14. Bell hooks, Killing Rage, Ending Racism (New York: Henry Holt, 1995), 194.
15. W. E. B. Du Bois, "The Souls of White Folk", in W. E. B. Du Bois: A Reader, ed. David Levering Lewis (New York: Henry Holt, 1995), 465.
16. Steve Martinot, The Machinery of Whiteness: Studies in the Structure of Racialization (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2010), 62.
17. Sara Ahmed, "Declarations of Whiteness: The Non-performativity of Antiracism", borderlands e-journal 3, no. 2(2004), available at http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2-2004/ahmed-declarations.htm.
18. George Lipsitz, The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Prof it from Identity Politics (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998), 1.
19. Richard Dyer, White (New York: Routledge, 1997), 3.
20. Terrance MacMullan, Habits of Whiteness: A Pragmatist Reconstruction (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009), 142.
21. Ahmed, "Declarations of Whiteness."
22. Lipsitz, The Possessive Investment in Whiteness, vii.
23. Bell hooks, Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston: South End Press, 1992), 167-168.
24. Crispin Sartwell, Act Like You Know: African-American Autobiography and White Identity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 9.
25. Charlie Savage, "A Judge's View of Judging Is on the Record", New York Times, May 14, 2009, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/15/us/ 15judge.html.
26. Du Bois, "The Souls of White Folk", 453.
27. Ahmed, "Declarations of Whiteness."
28. Zeus Leonardo and Ronald K. Porter, "Pedagogy of Fear: Toward a Fanonian Theory of 'Safety' in Race Dialogue", Race Ethnicity and Education 13, no. 2(July 2010):150.
29. Richard Wright, "The Man Who Went to Chicago", in Eight Men, introduction by Paul Gilroy (New York: Harper Perennial, 1996), 214.
30. Dyer, White, 14.
31. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 109.
32. Christine E. Sleeter's foreword in Alice McIntyre, Making Meaning of Whiteness: Exploring Racial Identity with White Teachers (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997), xi.
33. John T. Warren, "Performing Whiteness Differently: Rethinking the Abolitionist Project", Educational Theory 51, no. 4(2001):459.
34. Alecia Youngblood Jackson, "Performativity Identified", Qualitative Inquiry 10, no. 5(2004):677.
35. Martinot, The Machinery of Whiteness, 43.
36. Charles W. Mills, "White Supremacy", in A Companion to African-American Philosophy, ed. Tommy L. Lott and John P. Pittman (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003), 272.
37. Du Bois, "The Souls of White Folk", 454.
38. John Heilemann and Mark Halperin, Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime (New York: Harper, 2010), 36.
39. Cheryl Harris, "Whiteness as Property", in Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White, ed. David R. Roediger (New York: Schocken Books, 1998), 110.
40. Clevis Headley, "The Existential Turn in African American Philosophy: Disclosing the Existential Phenomenological Foundations of Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race" in CLR James Journal: A Review of Caribbean Ideas 16, no. 1(Spring 2010):252.
41. Maurice Natanson, The Journeying Self: A Study in Philosophy and Social Role (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1970), 47.
42. Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, trans. Charles Lam Markmann (New York: Grove Press, 1967), 11.
43. Cynthia Willett, "A Phenomenology of Racialized Space and the Limits of Liberalism", in Racism in Mind, ed. Michael P. Levine and Tamas Pataki (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004), 249.
44. Ruth Frankenberg, "The Mirage of an Unmarked Whiteness", in The Making and Unmaking of Whiteness, ed. Birgit Brander Rasmussen, Eric Klinenberg, Irene J. Nexica, and Matt Wray (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001), 75.
45. Steve Martinot, The Machinery of Whiteness: Studies in the Structure of Racialization (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2010), 63.
46. John Warren, "Performing Whiteness Differently: Rethinking the Abolitionist Project", Educational Theory 51, no. 4(2001):463.
47. Barbara Applebaum, Being White, Being Good: White Complicity, White Moral Responsibility, and Social Justice Pedagogy (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2010), 166.
48. Sara Ahmed, "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", Feminist Theory 8, no. 2(2007):161.
49. Debra Van Ausdale and Joe R. Feagin, The First R: Hoiu Children Learn Race and Racism (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001), 1.
50. Ahmed, "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", 152.
51. David J. Kahane, "Male Feminism as Oxymoron", in Men Doing Feminism, ed. Tom Digby (New York: Routledge, 1998), 221.
52. Ahmed, "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", 155.
53. Judith Butler, Giving an Account of Oneself (New York: Fordham University Press), 22.
54. Applebaum, Being White, Being Good, 68.
55. Ahmed, "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", 152.
56. Linda Martin Alcoff, Visible Identities: Race, Gender, and the Self (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 5.
57. Mike Hill, After Whiteness: Unmaking an American Majority (New York: New York University Press, 2004), 177.
58. Zeus Leonardo and Ronald K. Porter, "Pedagogy of Fear: Toward a Fanonian Theory of'Safety' in Race Dialogue", Race Ethnicity and Education 13, no. 2(July 2010):150.
59. George Lipsitz, The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998), vii.
60. Kahane, "Male Feminism as Oxymoron", 227.
61. Sara Ahmed, "Declarations of Whiteness: The Non-performativity of Antiracism", borderlands e-journal 3, no. 2(2004), available at http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2-2004/ahmed-declarations.htm.
62. Aimee Sands, What Makes Me White? (Aimee Sands Productions, 2009), 1:00.
63. Shannon Sullivan's Revealing Whiteness: The Unconscious Habits of Racial Privilege (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006).
64. Terrance MacMullan's Habits of Whiteness: A Pragmatist Reconstruction (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009).
65. Sands, What Makes Me White? 2:30 (my emphasis).
66. Steve Martinot's excellent review of Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race in Socialism and Democracy 23, no. 3(2009):199-203.
67. Sara Salih, Judith Butler (London: Routledge, 2002), 62.
68. Sara Ahmed, "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", 155.
69. Robert Bernasconi, "The Invisibility of Racial Minorities in the Public Realm of Appearances", in Race, ed. Robert Bernasconi (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001), 288.
70. Leonardo and Porter, "Pedagogy of Fear", 148.
71. John J. Ansbro, Martin Luther King, Jr.: Nonviolent Strategies and Tactics for Social Change (New York: Madison Books, 2000), 109.
72. Sands, What Makes Me White? 4:38.
73. Ahmed, "A Phenomenology of Whiteness, 155.
74. Thomas F. Slaughter, Jr., "Epidermalizing the World: A Basic Mode of Being Black", in Philosophy Born of Struggle: Afro-American Philosophy from 1917, ed. Leonard Harris (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1983), 284.
75. James Baldwin, The Cross of Redemption: Uncollected-Writings, ed. Randall Kenan (New York: Pantheon, 2010), p. 79
76. Judith Butler, "Endangered/Endangering: Schematic Racism and White Paranoia", in Reading Rodney King, Reading Urban Uprising, ed. Robert Gooding-Williams (New York: Routledge, 1993), 18.
77. Charles Johnson, "A Phenomenology of the Black Body", in America and the Black Body: Identity Politics in Print and-Visual Culture, ed. Carol E. Henderson (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2009), 258.
78. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 134.
79. Brent Staples, Parallel Time: Growing up Black and White (New York: Harper Collins, 1995), 202 (my emphasis).
80. Robert Gooding-Williams, "Look, a Negro!" in Reading Rodney King, Reading Urban Uprising, ed. Robert Gooding-Williams (New York: Routledge, 1993), 164.
81. Charles Johnson, "A Phenomenology of the Black Body", 258.
82. Marcia Y. Riggs, "A Clarion Call to Awake! Arise! Act!' The Response of the Black Women's Club Movement to Institutionalized Moral Evil", in A Troubling in My Soul, ed. Emilie M. Townes (New York: Orbis Books, 1997), 68.
83. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 111.
84. Bell hooks, Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism (Boston: South End Press, 1981), 39-40.
85. Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought (New York: Routledge, 1991), 69.
86. Taunya Lovell Banks, "Two Life Stories: Reflections of One Black Woman Law Professor", in Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed - the Movement, ed. Kimberle Crenshaw, Neil Gotanda, Gary Peller, and Kendall Thomas (New York: New Press, 1995), 331.
87. "The Agential Black Body: Resisting the Black Imago in the White Imaginary", of Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race, I theorize black agency and identity vis-a-vis whiteness.
88. The Heartbreak Kid, directed by Peter Farrelly and Bobby Farrelly (Universal City, CA: Dreamworks Pictures, 2007), 44:30.
89. Ralph Ellison, Shadow and Act (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), 304.
90. Malcolm X with Alex Haley, The Autobiography of Malcolm X (New York: Ballantine Books, 1965), 32.
91. Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knoivledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment (New York: Routledge, 1991), 70.
92. Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, directed by Mike Mitchell (Culver City, CA: Happy Madison Productions, 1999), 1:21:25.
93. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 158.
94. Big Stan, directed by Rob Schneider (Warner Home Video, 2007), 2:05.
95. Lillian Smith, Killers of the Dream, with a new introduction by Margaret Rose Gladney (New York: W. W. Norton, 1949), 121.
96. Bell hooks, Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston, MA: South End Press, 1992), 175.
97. "Video of California Police Shooting Spurs Investigation", CNN, January 6, 2009, available at http://articles.cnn.com/2009-01-06/justice/BART. shooting-l-fruitvale-station-oscar-grant-video?-s=PM:CRIME.
98. Beverly Ford and Rich Schapiro, "Sgt. James Crowley, Cop Who Arrested Harvard Professor Henry Louis Gates Jr., Denies He's Racist", NY Daily News, July 23, 2009, available at http://articles.nydailynews.com/2009-07- 23/news/17928870-1-gates-cambridge-police-department-james-crowley.
99. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 112-113.
100. W. E. B. Du Bois, "China and Africa", in W. E. B. Du Bois: A Reader, ed. David Levering Lewis (New York: Henry Holt, 1995), 93.
101. Richard Wright, "Big Black Good Man", in Eight Men, with an introduction by Paul Gilroy, (New York: Harper Perennial, 1996), 93.
102. "Amadou Diallo", Times Topics, New York Times, available at http://topics, nytimes.eom/topics/reference/timestopics/people/d/amadou-diallo/ index.html.
103. "Racial Manipulation in Boston", New York Times, January 6, 1990, available at http://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/06/opinion/racial- manipulation-in-boston.html?src=pm.
104. Cornel West, Race Matters (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993), x-xi.
105. Ahmed, "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", 161.
106. Joe R. Feagin, The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and-Counter-Framing (New York: Routledge, 2010), 137.
107. Peggy McIntosh, "White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies", in Critical Whiteness Studies: Looking behind-the Mirror, ed. Richard Delgardo and Jean Stefancic. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997), 294.
108. Tim Wise, White Like Me: Reflections on Race from a Privileged-Son (Brooklyn, NY: Soft Skull Press, 2005), 39.
109. West, Race Matters, x.
110. "The Black Body: Under the Weight of White America's Microtomes", in Carol E. Henderson, ed., America and the Black Body: Identity Politics in print and Visual Culture (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2009).
111. Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), 3.
112. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 117.
113. West, Race Matters, 86.
114. John T. Warren, Performing Purity: Whiteness, Pedagogy, and the Reconstruction of Power (New York: Peter Lang, 2003), 29.
115. Bernasconi, "The Invisibility of Racial Minorities, 288.
116. West, Race Matters, 85.
117. Feagin, The White Racial Frame, 13.
118. Robert J. C. Young, White Mythologies: Writing History and-the West, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2004), 48.
119. "Take This Hammer", KungPowVoodo blog, February 25, 2011, available at http://kungpowvoodo.blogspot.com/2011/02/take-this-hammer.html.
120. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 109.
121. West, Race Matters, 85.
122. Ahmed, "A Phenomenology of Whiteness", 161.
123. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 166.
124. Feagin, The White Racial Frame, 102.
125. Ann Berlak, "Challenging the Hegemony of Whiteness by Addressing the Adaptive Unconscious", in Undoing Whiteness in the Classroom: Critical Educultural Teaching Approaches for Social Justice Activism, ed. Virginia Lea and Erma Jean Sims (New York: Peter Lang, 2008), 60.
126. Joy James, Shadowboxing: Representations of Black Feminist Politics (New York: St. Martins Press, 1999), 127.
127. Robyn Wiegman, American Anatomies: Theorizing Race and Gender (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995), 81.
128. Higher Learning, written and directed by John Singleton (Culver City, CA: Columbia Tristar, 1995), 43:06.
129. Ann DuCille, Skin Trade (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), 144.
130. Dorothy Roberts, Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty (New York: Vintage, 1997), 12.
131. George Yancy, "Situated Vices: Black Women in/on the Profession of Philosophy", Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 23, no. 2 (April-June 2008), 172.
132. George Yancy, African-American Philosophers, 17 Conversations (New York: Routledge, 1998), 59.
133. Brian Leiter, "Is There Any Hope for the Racial Diversity of the Philosophy Profession?" Leiter Reports: A Philosophy Blog, June 6, 2011, available at http://leiterreports.typepad.com/blog/2011/06/is-there-any-hope- for-the-racial-diver sity-of-the-philosophy-profession.html.
134. Ronald L. Jackson, Scripting the Black Masculine Body: Identity, Discourse, and Racial Politics in Popular Media (New York: State University of New York Press, 2006), 9.
135. Roberts, Killing the Black Body, 16.
136. Bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994), 207.
137. Margaret A. Simons, Beauvoir and the Second Sex: Feminism, Race, and the Origins of Existentialism (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999), 224.
138. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 192.
139. Bell hooks, Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics (Boston: South End Press, 1990), 219 (my emphasis).
140. Zeus Leonardo and Ronald K. Porter, "Pedagogy of Fear: Toward a Fanonian Theory of 'Safety' in Race Dialogue", Race Ethnicity and Education 13, no. 2(July 2010):149.
141. Christine E. Sleeter, foreword in Making Meaning of Whiteness: Exploring Racial Identity ivith White Teachers, by Alice McIntyre (New York: State University of New York Press, 1997), x.
142. Alice McIntyre, Making Meaning of Whiteness: Exploring Racial Identity ivith White Teachers (New York: State University of New York Press, 1997), 31.
143. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 194.
144. Bell hooks, Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black (Boston: South End Press, 1989), 5.
145. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 186.
146. Patricia Williams, Seeing a Color-Blind Future: The Paradox of Race (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1997), 6.
147. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 5.
148. Ann Berlak, "Challenging the Hegemony of Whiteness by Addressing the Adaptive Unconscious", in Undoing Whiteness in the Classroom: Critical Educultural Teaching Approaches for Social Justice Activism, ed. Virginia Lea and Erma Jean Sims (New York: Peter Lang, 2008), 54.
149. Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 30th Anniversary Edition (New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000), 51.
150. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 203 (my emphasis).
151. Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 81.
152. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 18.
153. Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 79.
154. Berlak, "Challenging the Hegemony of Whiteness", 59.
155. Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 92.
156. Leonardo and Porter, "Pedagogy of Fear", 153.
157. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 39.
158. Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 90.
159. Leonardo and Porter, "Pedagogy of Fear", 149.
160. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 202.
161. Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 84.
162. Søren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments, ed. and trans. (with notes) Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), 167.
163. Peggy McIntosh, "White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies", in Critical Whiteness Studies: Looking Behind the Mirror, ed. Richard Delgardo and Jean Stefancic (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997), 291.
164. Nelson M. Rodriguez, "Emptying the Content of Whiteness: Toward an Understanding of the Relation between Whiteness and Pedagogy", in White Reign: Deploying Whiteness in America ed. Joe L. Kincheloe, Shirley R. Steinberg, Nelson, M. Rodriguez, and Ronald E. Chennault (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998), 45.
165. Frances E. Kendall, Understanding White Privilege: Creating Pathways to Authentic Relationships across Race (New York: Routledge, 2006), 41.
166. Bell hooks, Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston: South End Press, 1992), 167.
167. Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 91.
168. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 21.
169. Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 84.
170. Michael Apple, Foreword to White Reign: Deploying Whiteness in America, ed. Joe L. Kincheloe, Shirley R. Steinberg, Nelson M. Rodriguez, and Ronald E. Chennault (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998), xii.
171. Hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 144.
172. Helen Tworkov, "No Right, No Wrong: An Interview with Pema Chodron", Tricycle, June 1993, available at http://www.mandala.hr/5/pema. html.
173. Charles W. Mills, The Racial Contract (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), 18.
174. Abdul R. Jan Mohamed, "The Economy of Manichean Allegory: The Function of Racial Difference in Colonialist Literature", in "Race", Writing, and Difference, ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 86.
175. Paget Henry, "Whiteness and Africana Phenomenology", in What White Looks Like: African-American Philosophers on the Whiteness Question, ed. George Yancy (New York: Routledge, 2004), 208.
176. Kamau Brathwaite, Magical Realism (New York: Savacou North, 2002), 2:666.
177. Maryse Condé, I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem (New York: Ballantine Books, 1992), 175.
178. Lola Young, Fear of the Dark: "Race", Gender and Sexuality in the Cinema (New York: Routledge, 1996), 64.
179. Emmanuel C. Eze, ed., Introduction to Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1997), 9-10.
180. Aime Cesaire, A Tempest, trans. Richard Miller (New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2002), 18.
181. Kamau Brathwaite, "Metaphors of Underdevelopment: A Proem for Hernan Cortez", in The Art of Kamau Brathwaite, ed. Stewart Brown (Bridgend, UK: Seren, 1995), 242.
182. Adam Hochschild's King Leopold's Ghost: AStory of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa (New York: Mariner Books, 1999), 116-117.
183. Kamau Brathwaite Magical Realism (New York: Savacou North, 2002), 1:193.
184. Brathwaite, "Metaphors of Underdevelopment", 246.
185. Brathwaite, Magical Realism, 1:196.
186. Austin Clarke, The Polished Hoe (New York: Armistad, 2003), 11.
187. Kamau Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule (New York: Savacou North, 2004), 27.
188. Brathwaite, Magical Realism, 1:171-172.
189. Brathwaite, "Metaphors of Underdevelopment", 251.
190. Christopher Small, Music of the Common Tongue: Survival and Celebration in African American Music (Hanover, NH: First University Press of New England/Wesleyan University Press, 1998), 168.
191. Aime Cesaire, Discourse on Colonialism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972), 34.
192. Robert J. C. Young, White Mythologies (New York: Routledge, 2004), 160.
193. Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Press, 1963), 24-25.
194. Cornel West, The Cornel West Reader (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999), 83-84.
195. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., "Talkin' That Talk", in "Race", Writing, and Difference, ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 408.
196. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 23.
197. Brathwaite, Magical Realism, 2:654-655;
198. Brathwaite, Missile and-Capsule, 42.
199. Brathwaite, Magical Realism, 1:37.
200. W. E. B. Du Bois, "The Souls of White Folk", in W. E. B. Du Bois: A Reader, ed. David Levering Lewis (New York: Henry Holt, 1995), 456.
201. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 18.
202. Brathwaite, Magical Realism, 1:36.
203. Brathwaite, "Metaphors of Underdevelopment", 250.
204. Brathwaite, Magical Realism, 1:65.
205. Jacob Burckhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (New York: Harper and Row, 1958), 2:280-281.
206. Brathwaite, Magical Realism, 2:653.
207. Fanon, The Wretched-of the Earth, 16.
208. Simone de Beauvoir, The Ethics of Ambiguity (New York: Citadel Press, 1976), 47.
209. Cesaire, Discourse on Colonialism, 21.
210. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 18.
211. William Shakespeare, The Tempest, ed. Robert Langbaum (New York: Signet Classic, 1998), 5.1.275.
212. Joane Nagel, Race, Ethnicity, and Sexuality: Intimate Intersections, Forbidden Frontiers (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 93.
213. Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, trans. Charles Lam Markmann (New York: Grove Press, 1967), 107.
214. Toni Morrison, Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination (New York: Vintage Books, 1993), 6-7.
215. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 18.
216. Graham Richards, "Race", Racism and Psychology: Towards a Reflexive History (New York: Routledge, 1997), 16.
217. Jan Nederveen Pieterse, White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), 221.
218. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 51.
219. Brathwaite, Magical Realism, 1:36.
220. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 35.
221. Césaire, A Tempest, 61-62.
222. Melton A. McLaurin, Celia, A Slave: A True Story (New York: Avon Books, 1993)
223. Brathwaite, "Metaphors of Underdevelopment", 249.
224. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 33
225. Brathwaite's historical discussion, in Missile and Capsule (21-22)
226. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 53.
227. James W. Loewen, Lies My Teacher Told-Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong (New York: Touchstone/Simon and Schuster, 1995), 60.
228. Brathwaite, "Metaphors of Underdevelopment", 234.
229. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 34.
230. Brathwaite, Magical Realism, 2:606.
231. Loewen, Lies My Teacher Told Me, 61.
232. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 18.
233. Hortense J. Spillers, "Mama's Baby, Papa's Maybe: An American Grammar Book", Diacritics (Summer 1987): 29.
234. Brathwaite, "Metaphors of Underdevelopment", 234-235.
235. Fred D'Aguiar, Feeding the Ghosts (Hopewell, NJ: Ecco Press, 1997), 11.
236. Brathwaite, Missile and Capsule, 53.
237. Henry, "Whiteness and Africana Phenomenology", 207.
238. Bonnie Angelo and Toni Morrison, "The Pain of Being Black", Time, May 22, 1989, available at http://www.time.eom/time/magazine/artide/0, 9171, 957724, 00.html.
239. Jean-Paul Sartre, "Black Orpheus", in Race, ed. Robert Bernasconi (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001), 115.
240. Hernan Vera and Andrew M. Gordon, Screen Savior: Hollyivood-Fictions of Whiteness (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003), 3.
241. Winthrop Jordan, The White Man's Burden: Historical Origins of Racism in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), 101.
242. V. Y. Mudimbe, The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 17.
243. Fatimah Tobing Rony, The Third-Eye: Race, Cinema, and Ethnographic Spectacle (Durham: Duke University Press, 1996), 12-13.
244. Vera and Gordon, Screen Savior, 1.
245. Rony, The Third-Eye, 11.
246. Vera and Gordon, Screen Savior, 17.
247. White Chicks, directed by Keenan Ivory Wayans, written by Keenan Ivory Wayans, Shawn Wayans, and Marlon Wayans (Culver City, CA: Columbia Pictures, 2004).
248. Sartre, "Black Orpheus", 116.
249. Bell hooks, Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston: South End Press, 1992), 168.
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260. White Chicks, 12:25-28.
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263. White Chicks, 20:44-52.
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265. White Chicks, 19:56-58.
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270. White Chicks, 31:20-30.
271. Franz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks (New York: Grove Press, 1967), 158.
272. White Chicks, 31:08-16.
273. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 159.
274. Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), 16.
275. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, 165.
276. White Chicks, 57:18-33.
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278. White Chicks, 52:30.
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280. White Chicks, 1:02:47-1:03:04.
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282. Mel Watkins, On the Real Side: Laughing, Lying, and Signifying-The Underground-Tradition of African-American Humor That Transformed American Culture, from Slavery to Richard-Prior (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), especially chap. 3.
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298. Martin Luther King, Jr., "Letter from Birmingham City Jail", in A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. James M. Washington (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1986), 291.
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300. George Yancy, Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2008).
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303. Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed (New York: Continuum, 1997), 93.
304. Richard Wright, "Big Black Good Man", in Eight Men (New York: Harper Perennial, 1940), 212.
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306. Linda Martin Alcoff, Visible Identities: Race, Gender, and the Self (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 126.
307. Bell hooks, Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston: South End Press, 1992), 177.
308. Martin Luther King, Jr., "An Experiment in Love", in A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. James M. Washington (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1986), 20.
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311. Alex Mikulich", (Un) Learning White Male Ignorance", in Interrupting White Privilege: Catholic Theologians Break the Silence, ed. Laurie M. Cassidy and Alex Mikulich (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2007), 161.
312. Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself, ed. David W. Blight (New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1993), 145.
313. Karen Teel, Racism and the Image of God-(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), 30.
314. Lillian Smith, Killers of the Dream (New York: W. W. Norton, 1949), 28.
315. Joe R. Feagin, The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and-Counter-Framing (New York: Routledge, 2010), 124.
316. Wright, Eight Men, 213.
317. Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, 144.
318. Toni Morrison, The Bluest Eye (1970; repr., New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), 50.
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320. Sara Ahmed, "Declarations of Whiteness: The Non-performativity of Antiracism", borderlands e-journal 3, no. 2(2004), available at http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2-2004/ahmed-declarations.htm.
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322. Ahmed, "Declarations of Whiteness."
323. Robert Birt, "The Bad Faith of Whiteness", in What White Looks Like: African-American Philosophers on the Whiteness Question, ed. George Yancy (New York: Routledge, 2004).
324. George Yancy, Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2008).
325. Applebaum, Being White, Being Good, 43.
326. Peggy McIntosh, "White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies", in Critical Whiteness Studies: Looking Behind-the Mirror, ed. Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997), 293-294.
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328. Applebaum, Being White, Being Good, 29.
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330. Steve Martinot, The Machinery of Whiteness: Studies in the Structure of Racialization (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2010), 24.
331. Applebaum, Being White, Being Good, 30.
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344. Judith Butler, Giving an Account of Oneself (New York: Fordham University Press, 2005), 79.
345. Tim Wise, White Like Me: Reflections on Race from a Privileged-Son (New York: Soft Skull Press, 2005), 133.
346. Drucilla Cornell, Transformations: Recollective Imagination and Sexual Difference (New York: Routledge, 1993), 41.
347. Butler, Giving an Account of Oneself, 78.
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350. Applebaum, Being White, Being Good, 145.
351. Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing (1998)
352. and Paul Haggis's Crash (2004).
353. Judith Butler, Giving an Account of Oneself, 11.
354. Lillian Smith, Killers of the Dream (New York: W. W. Norton, 1949), 84.
355. Otto Neurath, "Protocol Sentences", in Logical Positivism, ed. A. J. Ayer, trans. George Schlick (Chicago: Free Press, 1959), 201.
356. René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, trans. Donald A. Cress (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1993), 13.
357. Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, trans. Charles Lam Markmann (New York: Grove Press, 1967), 42.
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360. Butler, Giving an Account of Oneself, 77.
361. Nopper, "The White Anti-racist Is an Oxymoron."