메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 16, 2014, Pages 6155-6174

The value of high-resolution Met Office regional climate models in the simulation of multihourly precipitation extremes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELS; CLIMATOLOGY;

EID: 84905918560     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00723.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (137)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 79955014028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peaks-overthreshold study of trends in extreme rainfall over the Iberian Peninsula
    • Acero, F. J., J. A. García, and M. C. Gallego, 2011: Peaks-overthreshold study of trends in extreme rainfall over the Iberian Peninsula. J. Climate, 24, 1089-1105
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 1089-1105
    • Acero, F.J.1    García, J.A.2    Gallego, M.C.3
  • 2
    • 0000923503 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic theory of certain "goodness of fit"criteria based on stochastic processes
    • Anderson, T. W., and D. A. Darling, 1952: Asymptotic theory of certain "goodness of fit"criteria based on stochastic processes. Ann. Math. Stat., 23, 193-212
    • (1952) Ann. Math. Stat , vol.23 , pp. 193-212
    • Anderson, T.W.1    Darling, D.A.2
  • 3
    • 3843138534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cumulus parameterization problem: Past, present, and future
    • Arakawa, A., 2004: The cumulus parameterization problem: Past, present, and future. J. Climate, 17, 2493-2525
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 2493-2525
    • Arakawa, A.1
  • 4
    • 84866619952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A region-based hierarchical model for extreme rainfall over the UK, incorporating spatial dependence and temporal trend
    • Atyeo, J., and D. Walshaw, 2012: A region-based hierarchical model for extreme rainfall over the UK, incorporating spatial dependence and temporal trend. Environmetrics, 23, 509-521
    • (2012) Environmetrics , vol.23 , pp. 509-521
    • Atyeo, J.1    Walshaw, D.2
  • 5
    • 18544373065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an automated classification procedure for rainfall systems
    • Baldwin, M. E., J. S. Kain, and S. Lakshmivarahan, 2005: Development of an automated classification procedure for rainfall systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 844-862
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133
    • Baldwin, M.E.1    Kain, J.S.2    Lakshmivarahan, S.3
  • 6
    • 54749100486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale context for the UK floods in summer
    • Blackburn, M., J. Methven, and N. Roberts, 2008: Large-scale context for the UK floods in summer 2007. Weather, 63, 280- 288
    • (2008) Weather , vol.63 , pp. 280-288
    • Blackburn, M.1    Methven, J.2    Roberts, N.3
  • 7
    • 58049101894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the diurnal cycle in a regional climate model
    • Brockhaus, P., D. Lüthi, and C. Schär, 2008: Aspects of the diurnal cycle in a regional climate model. Meteor. Z., 17, 433-443
    • (2008) Meteor. Z. , vol.17 , pp. 433-443
    • Brockhaus, P.1    Lüthi, D.2    Schär, C.3
  • 8
    • 33746251549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloudburst upon Hendraburnick Down: The Boscastle storm of 16 August
    • Burt, S., 2005: Cloudburst upon Hendraburnick Down: The Boscastle storm of 16 August 2004. Weather, 60, 219-227
    • (2005) Weather , vol.60 , pp. 219-227
    • Burt, S.1
  • 9
    • 84884704659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does increasing the spatial resolution of a regional climate model improve the simulated daily precipitation?
    • Chan, S. C., E. J. Kendon, H. J. Fowler, S. Blenkinsop, C. A. T. Ferro, and D. B. Stephenson, 2013: Does increasing the spatial resolution of a regional climate model improve the simulated daily precipitation? Climate Dyn., 41, 1475-1495
    • (2013) Climate Dyn , vol.41
    • Chan, S.C.1    Kendon, E.J.2    Fowler, H.J.3    Blenkinsop, S.4    Ferro, C.A.T.5    Stephenson, D.B.6
  • 10
    • 45349084751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for exploring spatial and temporal variability of extreme events in climate data
    • Coelho, C. A. S., C. A. T. Ferro, D. B. Stephenson, and D. J. Steinskog, 2008: Methods for exploring spatial and temporal variability of extreme events in climate data. J. Climate, 21, 2072-2092
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 2072-2092
    • Coelho, C.A.S.1    Ferro, C.A.T.2    Stephenson, D.B.3    Steinskog, D.J.4
  • 12
    • 33745807765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Object-based verification of precipitation forecasts Part I: Methodology and application to mesoscale rain areas.
    • Davis, C., B. Brown, and R. Bullock, 2006:Object-based verification of precipitation forecasts. Part I: Methodology and application to mesoscale rain areas. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 1772-1784
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134
    • Davis, C.1    Brown, B.2    Bullock, R.3
  • 13
    • 79955446270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
    • Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597
    • (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 553-597
    • Dee, D.P.1
  • 14
    • 0035698738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The derivation of areal reduction factor of storm rainfall from its scaling properties
    • de Michele, C., N. T. Kottegoda, and R. Rosso, 2001: The derivation of areal reduction factor of storm rainfall from its scaling properties. Water Resour. Res., 37, 3247-3252
    • (2001) Water Resour. Res. , vol.37 , pp. 32473252
    • de Michele, C.1    Kottegoda, N.T.2    Rosso, R.3
  • 15
    • 1242295467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall Frequency Estimation.
    • NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
    • Faulkner, D., 1999: Rainfall Frequency Estimation. Vol. 2, Flood Estimation Handbook, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, 110 pp.
    • (1999) Flood Estimation Handbook , vol.2 , pp. 110
    • Faulkner, D.1
  • 16
    • 0038783219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference for clusters of extreme values
    • Ferro, C. A. T., and J. Segers, 2003: Inference for clusters of extreme values. J. Roy. Stat. Soc., 65, 545-556
    • (2003) J. Roy. Stat. Soc. , vol.65 , pp. 545-556
    • Ferro, C.A.T.1    Segers, J.2
  • 17
    • 0141514675 scopus 로고
    • 2003a: Implications of changes in seasonal and annual extreme rainfall
    • Fowler, H. J., and C. G. Kilsby, 2003a: Implications of changes in seasonal and annual extreme rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1720
    • (1720) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30
    • Fowler, H.J.1    Kilsby, C.G.2
  • 18
    • 0141959763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A regional frequency analysis of United Kingdom extreme rainfall from 1961 to 2000
    • Fowler, H. J., and C. G. Kilsby, 2003b: A regional frequency analysis of United Kingdom extreme rainfall from 1961 to 2000. Int. J. Climatol., 23, 1313-1334
    • (2003) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.23 , pp. 1313-1334
    • Fowler, H.J.1    Kilsby, C.G.2
  • 19
    • 65649094446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-model ensemble estimates of climate change impacts onUKseasonal precipitation extremes
    • Fowler, H. J., and M. Ekström, 2009: Multi-model ensemble estimates of climate change impacts onUKseasonal precipitation extremes. Int. J. Climatol., 29, 385-416
    • (2009) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.29 , pp. 385-416
    • Fowler, H.J.1    Ekström, M.2
  • 20
    • 77951975836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting change in UK extreme precipitation using results from the climateprediction.net BBC climate change experiment
    • Fowler, H. J., D. Cooley, S. R. Sain, and M. Thurston, 2010: Detecting change in UK extreme precipitation using results from the climateprediction.net BBC climate change experiment. Extremes, 13, 241-267
    • (2010) Extremes , vol.13 , pp. 241-267
    • Fowler, H.J.1    Cooley, D.2    Sain, S.R.3    Thurston, M.4
  • 21
    • 77649325184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud and precipitation parameterization in a mesogamma-scale operational weather prediction model
    • Gerard, L., J.-M. Piriou, R. Brozkova, J.-F. Geleyn, and D. Banciu, 2009: Cloud and precipitation parameterization in a mesogamma-scale operational weather prediction model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 3960-3977
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 3960-3977
    • Gerard, L.1    Piriou, J.-M.2    Brozkova, R.3    Geleyn, J.-F.4    Banciu, D.5
  • 22
    • 0001852171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nimrod: A system for generating automated very short range forecasts
    • Golding, B. W., 1998: Nimrod: A system for generating automated very short range forecasts. Meteor. Appl., 5, 1-16
    • (1998) Meteor. Appl. , vol.5
    • Golding, B.W.1
  • 23
    • 55249105992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Boscastle flood: Meteorological analysis of the conditions leading to flooding on 16 August
    • Golding, B. W., P. Clark, and B. May, 2005: The Boscastle flood: Meteorological analysis of the conditions leading to flooding on 16 August 2004. Weather, 60, 230-235
    • (2005) Weather , vol.60 , pp. 230-235
    • Golding, B.W.1    Clark, P.2    May, B.3
  • 25
    • 0025590082 scopus 로고
    • A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure
    • Gregory, D., and P. R. Rowntree, 1990: A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1483-1506
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118
    • Gregory, D.1    Rowntree, P.R.2
  • 26
    • 77957880941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the value of hourly precipitation extremes in regional climate model simulations
    • Hanel, M., and T. A. Buishand, 2010: On the value of hourly precipitation extremes in regional climate model simulations. J. Hydrol., 393, 265-273
    • (2010) J. Hydrol. , vol.393 , pp. 265-273
    • Hanel, M.1    Buishand, T.A.2
  • 27
    • 70350072526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonstationary index flood model for precipitation extremes in transient regional climate model simulations
    • Hanel, M., and T. A. Buishand, and C. A. T. Ferro, 2009: A nonstationary index flood model for precipitation extremes in transient regional climate model simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D15107
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Hanel, M.1    Buishand, T.A.2    Ferro, C.A.T.3
  • 29
    • 0000374313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving precipitation estimates from weather radar using quality control and correction techniques
    • Harrison, D. L., S. J. Driscoll, and M. Kitchen, 2000: Improving precipitation estimates from weather radar using quality control and correction techniques. Meteor. Appl., 7, 135-144
    • (2000) Meteor. Appl. , vol.7
    • Harrison, D.L.1    Driscoll, S.J.2    Kitchen, M.3
  • 30
    • 33646348872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSEMBLES-based predictions of climate changes and their impacts
    • Hewitt, C. D., and D. J. Griggs, 2004: ENSEMBLES-based predictions of climate changes and their impacts. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 85, 566
    • (2004) Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union , vol.85 , pp. 566
    • Hewitt, C.D.1    Griggs, D.J.2
  • 31
    • 58049106433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards climate simulations at cloud-resolving scales
    • Hohenegger, C., P. Brockhaus, and C. Schär, 2008: Towards climate simulations at cloud-resolving scales. Meteor. Z., 17, 383- 394
    • (2008) Meteor. Z. , vol.17 , pp. 383-394
    • Hohenegger, C.1    Brockhaus, P.2    Schär, C.3
  • 32
    • 0000310360 scopus 로고
    • L-moments: Analysis and estimation of distributions using linear combinations of order statistics
    • Hosking, J. R. M., 1990: L-moments: Analysis and estimation of distributions using linear combinations of order statistics. J. Roy. Stat. Soc., 52, 105-124.
    • (1990) J. Roy. Stat. Soc. , vol.52
    • Hosking, J.R.M.1
  • 33
    • 0027341450 scopus 로고
    • Some statistics useful in regional frequency analysis
    • Hosking, J. R. M., and J. R. Wallis, 1993: Some statistics useful in regional frequency analysis. Water Resour. Res., 29, 271-281
    • (1993) Water Resour. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 271-281
    • Hosking, J.R.M.1    Wallis, J.R.2
  • 34
    • 84876076928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of changes in seasonal and annual extreme rainfall in the UK between 1961 and 2009
    • Jones, M. R., H. J. Fowler, C. G. Kilsby, and S. Blenkinsop, 2013: An assessment of changes in seasonal and annual extreme rainfall in the UK between 1961 and 2009. Int. J. Climatol., 33, 1178-1194
    • (2013) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.33 , pp. 1178-1194
    • Jones, M.R.1    Fowler, H.J.2    Kilsby, C.G.3    Blenkinsop, S.4
  • 35
    • 84864311379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realism of rainfall in a very high resolution regional climate model
    • Kendon, E. J., N. M. Roberts, C. A. Senior, and M. J. Roberts, 2012: Realism of rainfall in a very high resolution regional climate model. J. Climate, 25, 5791-5806
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 5791-5806
    • Kendon, E.J.1    Roberts, N.M.2    Senior, C.A.3    Roberts, M.J.4
  • 36
    • 68949201303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flood Estimation Handbook Supplementary Rep., NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
    • Kjeldsen, T. R., 2007: The revitalised FSR/FEH rainfall-runoff method. Flood Estimation Handbook Supplementary Rep., Vol. 1, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, 68 pp.
    • (2007) The revitalised FSR/FEH rainfall-runoff method , vol.1 , pp. 68
    • Kjeldsen, T.R.1
  • 37
    • 78650330433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily and monthly temperature and precipitation statistics as performance indicators for regional climate models
    • Kjellström, E., F. Boberg, M. Castro, J. H. Christensen, G. Nikulin, and E. Sánchez, 2010: Daily and monthly temperature and precipitation statistics as performance indicators for regional climate models. Climate Res., 44, 135-150
    • (2010) Climate Res , vol.44
    • Kjellström, E.1    Boberg, F.2    Castro, M.3    Christensen, J.H.4    Nikulin, G.5    Sánchez, E.6
  • 38
    • 6344219899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cramer-von Mises and Anderson-Darling goodness of fit tests for extreme value distributions with unknown parameters
    • Laio, F., 2004: Cramer-von Mises and Anderson-Darling goodness of fit tests for extreme value distributions with unknown parameters. Water Resour. Res., 40, W09308
    • (2004) Water Resour. Res. , vol.40
    • Laio, F.1
  • 39
    • 53649086816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of highresolution versions of the Met Office Unified Model for forecasting convection over the United Kingdom
    • Lean, H. W., P. A. Clark, M. Dixon, N. M. Roberts, A. Fitch, R. Forbes, and C. Halliwell, 2008: Characteristics of highresolution versions of the Met Office Unified Model for forecasting convection over the United Kingdom. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3408-3424
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 3408-3424
    • Lean, H.W.1    Clark, P.A.2    Dixon, M.3    Roberts, N.M.4    Fitch, A.5    Forbes, R.6    Halliwell, C.7
  • 40
    • 0025206053 scopus 로고
    • Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected, global precipitation
    • Legates, D. R., and C. J. Willmott, 1990: Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected, global precipitation. Int. J. Climatol., 10, 111-127
    • (1990) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.10 , pp. 111-127
    • Legates, D.R.1    Willmott, C.J.2
  • 41
    • 34247990255 scopus 로고
    • On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality with mean and variance unknown
    • Lilliefors, H. W., 1967: On the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality with mean and variance unknown. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc., 62, 399-402
    • (1967) J. Amer. Stat. Assoc. , vol.62 , pp. 399-402
    • Lilliefors, H.W.1
  • 42
    • 0030619011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of annual maximum series and partial duration series methods for modeling extreme hydrologic events: 1 At-site modeling
    • Madsen, H., P. F. Rasmussen, and D. Rosbjerg, 1997: Comparison of annual maximum series and partial duration series methods for modeling extreme hydrologic events: 1. At-site modeling. Water Resour. Res., 33, 747-757
    • (1997) Water Resour. Res. , vol.33 , pp. 747-757
    • Madsen, H.1    Rasmussen, P.F.2    Rosbjerg, D.3
  • 43
    • 62849105801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update of regional intensity-duration-frequency curves in Denmark: Tendency towards increased storm intensities
    • Madsen, H., K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen, and P. S. Mikkelsen, 2009: Update of regional intensity-duration-frequency curves in Denmark: Tendency towards increased storm intensities. Atmos. Res., 92, 343-349
    • (2009) Atmos. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 343-349
    • Madsen, H.1    Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K.2    Mikkelsen, P.S.3
  • 44
    • 70349852904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The annual cycle of heavy precipitation across the United Kingdom: A model based on extreme value statistics
    • Maraun, D., H. W. Rust, and T. J. Osborn, 2009: The annual cycle of heavy precipitation across the United Kingdom: A model based on extreme value statistics. Int. J. Climatol., 29, 1731- 1744
    • (2009) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.29
    • Maraun, D.1    Rust, H.W.2    Osborn, T.J.3
  • 45
    • 78650981085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of synoptic airflow on UK daily precipitation extremes Part I: Observed spatio-temporal relationships
    • Maraun, D., T. J. Osborn, and H. W. Rust, 2011: The influence of synoptic airflow on UK daily precipitation extremes. Part I: Observed spatio-temporal relationships. Climate Dyn., 36, 261-275
    • (2011) Climate Dyn , vol.36 , pp. 261-275
    • Maraun, D.1    Osborn, T.J.2    Rust, H.W.3
  • 46
    • 0034019933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized maximumlikelihood generalized extreme-value quantile estimators for hydrologic data
    • Martins, E. S., and J. R. Stedinger, 2000: Generalized maximumlikelihood generalized extreme-value quantile estimators for hydrologic data. Water Resour. Res., 36, 737-744
    • (2000) Water Resour. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 737-744
    • Martins, E.S.1    Stedinger, J.R.2
  • 47
    • 0034794055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized maximum likelihood Pareto-Poisson estimators for partial duration series
    • Martins, E. S., and J. R. Stedinger, 2001: Generalized maximum likelihood Pareto-Poisson estimators for partial duration series. Water Resour. Res., 37, 2551-2557
    • (2001) Water Resour. Res. , vol.37 , pp. 2551-2557
    • Martins, E.S.1    Stedinger, J.R.2
  • 48
    • 0026458410 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review
    • Molinari, J., and M. Dudek, 1992: Parameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 326-344
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 326-344
    • Molinari, J.1    Dudek, M.2
  • 49
    • 15744379977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of tipping-bucket raingauge measurement errors on design rainfall for urban-scale applications
    • Molini, A., L. G. Lanza, and P. La Barbera, 2005: The impact of tipping-bucket raingauge measurement errors on design rainfall for urban-scale applications. Hydrol. Processes, 19, 1073- 1088
    • (2005) Hydrol. Processes , vol.19
    • Molini, A.1    Lanza, L.G.2    La Barbera, P.3
  • 50
    • 84905914453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NERC, cited Changing water cycle. Natural Environment Research Council
    • NERC, cited 2013: Changing water cycle. Natural Environment Research Council. [Available online at http://www.bgs.ac.uk/changingwatercycle/.]
    • (2013)
  • 51
    • 72149121785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme rainfall analysis and estimation of depth-duration-frequency curves using weather radar
    • Overeem, A., T. A. Buishand, and I. Holleman, 2009: Extreme rainfall analysis and estimation of depth-duration-frequency curves using weather radar. Water Resour. Res., 45, W10424
    • (2009) Water Resour. Res. , vol.45
    • Overeem, A.1    Buishand, T.A.2    Holleman, I.3
  • 52
    • 22144476240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generation of monthly gridded datasets for a range of climatic variables over the UK
    • Perry, M., and D. Hollis, 2005: The generation of monthly gridded datasets for a range of climatic variables over the UK. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1041-1054
    • (2005) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.25
    • Perry, M.1    Hollis, D.2
  • 53
    • 84862986345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generation of daily gridded datasets of temperature and rainfall for the UK
    • Met Office National Climate Information Centre Climate Memo
    • Perry, M., and D. Hollis, and M. Elms, 2009: The generation of daily gridded datasets of temperature and rainfall for the UK. Met Office National Climate Information Centre Climate Memo. 24, 7 pp. [Available online at http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climatechange/science/downloads/generation_of_daily_gridded_datasets.pdf.]
    • (2009) , vol.24 , pp. 7
    • Perry, M.1    Hollis, D.2    Elms, M.3
  • 54
    • 76349106200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme rainfalls in se South America
    • Re,M., andV.R.Barros, 2009:Extreme rainfalls in se South America. Climatic Change, 96, 119-136
    • (2009) Climatic Change , vol.96
    • Re, M.1    Barros, V.R.2
  • 55
    • 84905908615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
    • Reed, D., 1999: Overview. Vol. I, Flood Estimation Handbook, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, 108 pp.
    • (1999) Overview. Flood Estimation Handbook , vol.1 , pp. 108
    • Reed, D.1
  • 56
    • 58649087007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A user's guide to the PoT package (version 1.4)
    • University of Quebec
    • Ribatet, M. A., 2006: A user's guide to the PoT package (version 1.4). University of Quebec, 31 pp.
    • (2006) , pp. 31
    • Ribatet, M.A.1
  • 57
    • 39749151765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-selective verification of rainfall accumulations from high-resolution forecasts of convective events
    • Roberts, N. M., and H. W. Lean, 2008: Scale-selective verification of rainfall accumulations from high-resolution forecasts of convective events. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 78-97
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 78-97
    • Roberts, N.M.1    Lean, H.W.2
  • 58
    • 0017753852 scopus 로고
    • Goodness of fit for the extreme value distribution
    • Stephens, M. A., 1977: Goodness of fit for the extreme value distribution. Biometrika, 64, 583-588
    • (1977) Biometrika , vol.64 , pp. 583-588
    • Stephens, M.A.1
  • 59
    • 84905911099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK hourly rainfall data. Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) data
    • Sunter, M., 2012: UK hourly rainfall data. Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) data. [Available online at http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/view/badc.nerc.ac.uk__ATOM__ dataent_ukmo-midas.]
    • (2012)
    • Sunter, M.1
  • 61
    • 68849101515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial analysis of trends in extreme precipitation events in high-resolution climate model results and observations for Germany
    • Tomassini, L., and D. Jacob, 2009: Spatial analysis of trends in extreme precipitation events in high-resolution climate model results and observations for Germany. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D12113
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Tomassini, L.1    Jacob, D.2
  • 62
    • 0037929480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional diurnal variations of organized convection
    • Tsakraklides, G., and J. L. Evans, 2003: Global and regional diurnal variations of organized convection. J. Climate, 16, 1562-1572
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16
    • Tsakraklides, G.1    Evans, J.L.2
  • 63
    • 84905899260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UKMO, cited Met Office surface data users guide
    • UKMO, cited 2013: Met Office surface data users guide. [Available online at http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/data/ukmo-midas/ukmo_guide. html.]
    • (2013)
  • 64
    • 0037883678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo assessments of goodness-of-fit for ecological simulation models
    • Waller, L. A., D. Smith, J. E. Childs, and L. A. Real, 2003: Monte Carlo assessments of goodness-of-fit for ecological simulation models. Ecol. Modell., 164, 49-63
    • (2003) Ecol. Modell. , vol.164 , pp. 49-63
    • Waller, L.A.1    Smith, D.2    Childs, J.E.3    Real, L.A.4
  • 65
    • 0034640855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compound intensity/duration/frequencyrelationships of extreme precipitation for two seasons and two storm types
    • Willems, P., 2000: Compound intensity/duration/frequencyrelationships of extreme precipitation for two seasons and two storm types. J. Hydrol., 233, 189-205
    • (2000) J. Hydrol. , vol.233
    • Willems, P.1
  • 66
    • 84875381154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of time steps and time-scales on parametrization suites
    • Williamson,D. L., 2013: The effect of time steps and time-scales on parametrization suites. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139, 548- 560
    • (2013) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.139 , pp. 548-560
    • Williamson, D.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.