Gaze direction estimation using support vector machine with active appearance model

Multimedia Tools and Applications

Volumn 70, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 2037-2062

  Wu, Yi Leh ^a   Yeh, Chun Tsai ^a   Hung, Wei Chih ^a   Tang, Cheng Yuan ^b  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Taiwan)

^b HUAFAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Active appearance models; Eye gaze detection; Human computer interaction; Support vector machine

Indexed keywords

HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION; IMAGE RECOGNITION;

ACCURATE ESTIMATION; ACTIVE APPEARANCE MODELS; BODY MOVEMENTS; CLASSIFICATION ERRORS; EYE GAZE DETECTION; FACIAL FEATURE POINTS; GAZE DIRECTION; RESEARCH DOMAINS;

SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES;

EID: 84905575242     PISSN: 13807501     EISSN: 15737721     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11042-012-1220-z     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. AAM Library, http://code.google.com/p/aam-library/, referenced on May 1st, 2011
2. AAM Tool, http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/timothy.f.cootes/ software/am-tools-doc/index.html, referenced on May 1st, 2011
3. Charge-coupled device, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-coupled- device, referenced on May 1st, 2011.
4. OpenCV, http://www.opencv.org.cn/index.php/, referenced on May 1st, 2011
5. Bacivarov I, Ionita M, and Corcoran P (2008) Statistical models of appearance for Eye tracking and Eyeblink detection and measurement. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 54 (3):1312-1320
6. Beymer D, Flickner M (2003) Eye gaze tracking using an active stereo head, IEEE Comput Soc Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recogn 2:451-458
7. Cadavid S, Mahoor MH, Messinger DS, and Cohn JF (2009) Automated Classification of Gaze Direction Using Spectral Regression and Support Vector Machine, International Conference on Affective Computing & Intelligent Interaction (ACII'09)
8. Carlos H Morimoto and Marcio RM Mimica (Apr. 2005) Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Elsevier Science Incorporation, vol. 98, no. 1, pp.4-24
9. Chang C-C and Lin C-J (2001) LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines, Software available at http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/?cjlin/libsvm
10. Cootes TF, Edwards GJ, Taylor CJ (2001) Active appearance models. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 23 (6):681-685
11. Cootes TF, Taylor CJ, Cooper D, Graham J (1995) Active shape models-their training and application. Comp Vision Image Underst 61 (1):38-59
12. Cortes C, Vapnik V (1995) Support-vector networks. Mach Learn 20 (3):273-297
13. Coutinho FL and Morimoto CH (2006) Free head motion eye gaze tracking using a single camera and multiple light sources, sibgrapi, pp.171-178, XIX Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing (SIBGRAPI'06)
14. Cuong NH and Hoang HT (7-10 Dec. 2010) Eye-gaze detection with a single WebCAM based on geometry features extraction, Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV) , vol., no., pp.2507-2512
15. Duchowski AT (2002) A breadth-first survey of Eye tracking applications. Behav Res Meth Instrum Comput 34 (4):455-470
16. Ebisawa Y (1998) Improved video-based eye-gaze detection method. Instrum Meas 47 (4):948-955
17. Edwards G, Cootes T and Taylor C (1998) Face recognition using active appearance models, Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, 2, pp. 581-695
18. Guestrin ED and Eizenman M (Jun. 2006) General Theory of Remote Gaze Estimation Using the Pupil Center and Corneal Reflections, IEEE Transactions on biomedical engineering, vol. 53, no. 6
19. Hansen DW, Ji Q (2010) In the Eye of the beholder: a survey of models for eyes and gaze. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32 (3):478-500
20. Huang S-C, Wu Y-L, Hung W-C and Tang C-Y (2010) Point-of-Regard Measurement via Iris Contour with One Eye from Single Image,' ism IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, pp.336-341
21. Ishikawa T, Baker S, Matthews I, and Kanade T (Oct. 2004) Passive driver gaze tracking with active appearance models, In Proc. 11th World Congress on Intelligent Transportation Systems (WCITS'04)
22. Lee EC, Ko YJ and Park KR (Jul. 2009) Gaze Tracking Based on Active Appearance Model and Multiple Support Vector Regression on Mobile Devices, Journal of Optical Engineering, Vol. 48
23. Murray N and Roberts DJ (2006) Comparison of head gaze and head and eye gaze within an immersive environment, in Proc. DS-RT, pp.70-76
24. Ohtani M, Ebisawa Y (1995) Eye-gaze detection based on the pupil detection technique using two light sources and the image difference method. Eng Med Biol Soc 2:1623-1624
25. Takatani M, Ariki Y and Takiguchi T (Nov. 2010) Gaze Estimation Using Regression Analysis and AAMs Parameters Selected Based on information criterion, International Workshop on Gaze Sensing and Interactions in conjunction with ACCV2010, pp. 1-10
26. Viola P, Jones M (2001) Robust real-time object detection. Int J Comput Vis 57 (2):137-154
27. Wang J-G, Sung E, and Venkateswarlu R (2005) Estimating the eye gaze from one eye. Comp Vision Image Underst 98 (1):83-103
28. Zhao Y, Wang X, and Petriu EM (19-21 Sep. 2011) Facial expression anlysis using eye gaze information, Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIMSA) , vol., no., pp.1-4
29. Zhu Z and Ji Q (Dec. 2007) Novel Eye Gaze Tracking Techniques Under Natural Head Movement, IEEE Transactions on biomedical engineering, vol. 54, no. 12
30. Zhu J and Yang J (2002) Subpixel Eye Gaze Tracking, fg, pp.0131, Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG'02) , pp.124-129