Statistical models of appearance for eye tracking and eye-blink detection and measurement

IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 1312-1328

  Bacivarov, Ioana ^a   Ionita, Mircea ^a   Corcoran, Peter ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Active appearance model; Digital imaging; Eye blinking; Eye tracking

Indexed keywords

STATISTICAL METHODS;

ACTIVE APPEARANCE MODEL; ACTIVE APPEARANCE MODELS; AND DETECTIONS; DIGITAL IMAGING; EYE BLINKING; EYE TRACKING; GLOBAL MODELS; HEAD POSES; IMAGE DATABASES; MODEL PARAMETERS; MODELING; STATISTICAL MODELS; TRACKING; VARIATIONS OF;

FACE RECOGNITION;

EID: 54349113392     PISSN: 00983063     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TCE.2008.4637622     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. J. Orozco, J. Gonzàlez, P. Baiget, J. J. Villanueva, "Human Emotion Evaluation on Image Sequences", CogSys II Conference, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands, April 2006.
2. S. P. Lee, J. B. Badler, N. I. Badler, "Eyes alive", ACM Trans. Graph, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 637-644, 2002.
3. A.M. Tekalp, J. Ostermann, "Face and 2-D mesh animation in MPEG-4", Signal Processing: Image Communication, Vol. 15, pp. 387-421, 2000.
4. T. Ishikawa, S. Baker, I. Matthews, T. Kanade, "Passive Driver Gaze Tracking with Active Appearance Models", In Proc. World Congress on Intelligent Transportation Systems, February 2004.
5. M. Betke, J. Gips, P. Fleming," The Camera Mouse: Visual tracking of body features to provide computer access for people with severe disabilities", IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, March 2002.
6. M. Chau, M. Betke, "Real Time Eye Tracking and Blink Detection with USB Camwras", Boston University Computer Science, Technical Report No. 2005-12.
7. Ssontech SynthEyes: http://www.ssontech.com/
8. Q. Ji, X. Yang, "Real Time Visual Cues Extraction for Monitoring Driver Vigilance", ICVS '01: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computer Vision Systems, pp. 107-124, 2001.
9. T. F. Cootes, G. J. Edwards, and C. J. Taylor, "Active appearance models", Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1407, pp. 484-, 1998
10. D. W. Hansen, J. P. Hansen, M. Nielsen, A. S. Johansen, "Eye Typing using Markov and Active Appearance Models", WACV '02: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 132, 2002.
11. P. Viola, M. J. Jones, "Robust Real-Time Face Detection", Springer Netherlands for Computer Science, Volume 57, Number 2, May, 2004.
12. C. Zhang and F. S. Cohen, "Component-based Active Appearance Models for face Modelling", Proceedings of ihe International Conference of Advances in Biometrics, ICB 2006, Hong Kong, China, January 5-7, 2006.
13. M.G. Roberts, T.F. Cootes, J.E. Adams, "Linking Sequences of Active Appearance Sub-Models via Constraints: An Application in Automated Vertebral Morphometry", Proc.BMVC, vol. 1, 2003, pp. 349-358.
14. P. Corcoran, M. Ionita, I. Bacivarov, "Next Generation Face Tracking Technology Using AAM Techniques", Signals, Circuits and Systems, ISSCS 2007, International Symposium, Iasi, 13-14 July 2007, Romania. vol. 1, pages 1-4, 2007.
15. Robert A.Moses., "Adler's Physiology of the eye clinical application", Ed. (Mosby, 1981), chap. 1, pp. 1-15.
16. Z. Zhu, Q. Ji "Robust Real-Time Eye Detection and Tracking Under Variable Lighting Conditions and Various Face Orientations", Computer Visage and Image Understanding, vol. 98, pp. 124-154, 2005.
17. T. Motiyma, T. Kanade, T. Cohn, J. F. Jing Xiao; Z. Amhadar, Jiang Gao, H Imamura, "Automatic recognition of eye blinking in spontaneously occurring behaviour", Pattern Recognition, 2002, Proceedings. l6th International Conference, Vol. 4, pp 78-81, 2002.
18. D. O. Gorodnichy, "Second Order Change Detection, and its Application to Blink-Controlled Perceptual Interfaces", Proceedings of the International Association of Science and Technology for Development (IASTED) Benalmadena, Spain. September 8-10, 2003, pp. 140-145.
19. S. Kawato and N. Tetsutani, "Detection and tracking of eyes for gaze-camera control", Proc. Intern. Conf. on Vision Interface (VI'2002), Calgary, May 2002, pp. 348-355.
20. K. Grauman, M. Betke, J. Gips, G. R. BradsKi, "Communication via Eye Blinks- Detection and Duration Analysis in Real Time", Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Lihue, HI, December 2001.
21. D. W. Hansen, A. E.C. Pece, "Eye tracking in the wild", Computer Vision and Image Understanding 98 (2005) pp. 155-181.
22. K. Grauman, M. Betke, J. Glips, G. R. Bradski, "Communiontion via Eye Blinks- Detection and Duration Analysis in Real Time", Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Lihue, HI, December 2001.
23. A. Yuille, P. Hallinan, D. Cohen, "Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates", International Journal of Computer Vision 8 (2) (1992) pp. 99-111.
24. H. Tan; Yu-Jin Zhang; R. Li, "Robust eye extraction using deformable template and feature tracking ability", Proceedings of the 2003 Joint Conference of the Fourth International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, Volume 3, Issue, 15-18 Dec. 2003.
25. M. Pardas. "Extraction and tracking of the eyelids", CASSP '00: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000, pp. 2357-2360.
26. S. Kawato, J. Ohya, "Real-time detection of nodding and head-shaking by directly detecting and tracking the "between-eyes"", Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2000. Proceedings. Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000 Volume, Issue, pp. 40-45.
27. Georgia Tech Face Datahase, ftn://ftp.ee.gatech. edu/pub/users/hayes/ facedb/.
28. C. Sanderson and K.K. Paliwal, "Identity Verification Using Speech and Face Information", Digital Signal Processing 14(5):449-480, 2004.
29. M. B. Stegmann, B. K. Ersbøll, and R. Larsen, "FAME - a flexibleappearance modelling environment," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1319-1331, 2003. [Online]. Available: http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/p.php?1918
30. http://rfdesign.com/news/fotonation-facetracker-nokia-camera-0920/
31. http://www.fotonation.com/index.php?module=product&item=23