A new direction for science and values

Synthese

Volumn 191, Issue 14, 2014, Pages 3271-3295

  Hicks, Daniel J ^a  

^a WESTERN UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Commercial science; Direct and indirect roles; Epistemic values; Feminism; Pharmaceuticals; Relativism; Science and values

Indexed keywords

EID: 84905376048     PISSN: 00397857     EISSN: 15730964     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11229-014-0447-9     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Amsterdam, J., & McHenry, L. (2012). The Paroxetine 352 bipolar trial: A study in medical ghostwriting. International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, 24, 221-231. doi: 10. 3233/JRS-2012-0571.
2. Anderson, E. (2004). Uses of value judgments in science. Hypatia, 19(Winter), 1-24.
3. Anderson, E. (2005, 2008). Dewey's moral philosophy. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Dordrecht: Reidel. http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/fall2008/entries/dewey-moral/.
4. Aristotle, (1984). Nicomachean ethics. In J. Barnes (Ed.), The complete works of Aristotle (pp. 1729-1867). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
5. Baird, D. (2004). Thing knowledge: A philosophy of scientific instruments. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
6. Barnes, B., & Bloor, D. (1982). Relativism, rationalism and the sociology of knowledge. In M. Hollis & S. Lukes (Eds.), Rationality and relativism (pp. 21-47). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
7. Berenson, A. (2005). Evidence in Vioxx suits shows intervention by Merck officials. New York Times, April 24.
8. Betz, G. (2013). In defence of the value free ideal. European Journal of Philosophy of Science, 3(2), 20-207. doi: 10. 1007/s13194-012-0062-x.
9. Biddle, J. (2007). Lessons from the Vioxx Debacle: What the privatization of science can teach us about social epistemology. Social Epistemology, 21(1), 21-39.
10. Biddle, J. (2009). Advocates or unencumbered selves? On the role of mill's political liberalism in Longino's sociopragmatism. Philosophy of Science, 76(5), 612-623.
11. Brown, M. (2011). Inquiry and evidence: From the experimenter's regress to evidence-based policy. Unpublished manuscript. Retrieved August 20, 2012. http://utdallas. academia. edu/MatthewBrown/Papers/300331/Inquiry_and_Evidence_From_the_Experimenters_Regress_to_Evidence-Based_Policy.
12. Brown, M. (2012). John Dewey's logic of science. HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science, 2(2), 258-306.
13. Brown, M. (2013a). Review of Philip Kitcher, science in a democratic society. Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. Retrieved March 12, 2014. http://ndpr. nd. edu/news/29284-science-in-a-democratic-society/.
14. Brown, M. (2013b). The source and status of values for socially responsible science. Philosophical Studies, 163(1), 67-76.
15. Brown, M. (2013c). Values in science beyond underdetermination and inductive risk. Philosophy of Science, 80(5), 39-829.
16. Callaway, E. (2010). Questions over ghostwriting in drug industry. Nature News Blog. doi: 10. 1038/news. 2010. 453. Retrieved August 22, 2011, from http://www. nature. com/news/2010/100907/full/news. 2010. 453. html.
17. Cartwright, N. (2006). Well-ordered science: Evidence for use. Philosophy of Science, 73(5), 981-990.
18. Dewey, J. (1988). Theory of valuation. In J. A. Boydston (Ed.), John Dewey: The later works, 1925-1953 (Vol. 13: 1938-1939, pp. 189-251). Southern Illinois University Press: Carbondale and Edwardsville.
19. Douglas, H. (2000). Inductive risk and values in science. Philosophy of Science, 67(4), 559-579.
20. Douglas, H. (2009). Science, policy, and the value-free ideal. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
21. Douglas, H. (2013). The value of cognitive values. Philosophy of Science, 80(5), 796-806.
22. Douglas, H. (2014). Pure science and the problem of progress. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science. doi: 10. 1016/j. shpsa. 2014. 02. 001.
23. Elliott, C. (2004). Pharma goes to the laundry: Public relations and the business of medical education. Hastings Center Report, 34(5), 18-23.
24. Elliott, Kevin. (2011). Is a little pollution good for you? Incorporating societal values in environmental research. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
25. Elliott, K. (2012). Epistemic and methodological iteration in scientific research. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 43, 82-376. doi: 10. 1016/j. shpsa. 2011. 12. 034.
26. Elliott, K., & McKaughan, D. (2009). How values in scientific discovery and pursuit alter theory appraisal. Philosophy of Science, 76(5), 598-611. doi: 10. 1086/605807.
27. Fehr, C. (2012). Feminist engagement with evolutionary psychology. Hypatia, 27(1), 1-23. Winter.
28. Feyerabend, P. (1993). Against method (3rd ed.). London and New York: Verso.
29. Foot, P. (1972). Morality as a system of hypothetical imperatives. Philosophical Review, 81(3), 305-316.
30. Friedman, M. (2001). Dynamics of reason. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language/Information.
31. Fugh-Berman, A. (2010). The Haunting of medical journals: How ghostwriting sold 'HRT'. PLoS Medicine, 7(9), e1000335. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pmed. 1000335.
32. Hicks, D. (2012). Scientific practices and their social context. Phd thesis, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame.
33. Julious, S. (2013). Efficacy and suicidal risk for antidepressants in paediatric and adolescent patients. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 22(2), 190-218. doi: 10. 1177/0962280211432210.
34. Jureidini, J., McHenry, L., & Mansfield, P. (2008). Clinical trials and drug promotion: Selective reporting of study 329. International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, 20, 73-81. doi: 10. 3233/JRS-2008-0426.
35. Kindcaid, H., Dupré, J., & Wylie, A. (2007). Value-free science?. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
36. Kitcher, P. (2001). Science, truth, and democracy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Kitcher, P. (2011). Science in a democratic society. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
38. Knobe, J. (2003). Intentional action and side effects in ordinary language. Analysis, 63(279), 190-194. doi: 10. 1111/1467-8284. 00419.
39. Kuhn, T. (1977). Objectivity, value judgment, and theory choice. The essential tension (pp. 320-339). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
40. Lacey, H. (1999). Is science value free? Values and scientific understanding. London and New York: Routledge.
41. Lacey, H. (2005a). On the interplay of the cognitive and the social in scientific practices. Philosophy of Science, 72(5), 88-977.
42. Lacey, H. (2005b). Values and objectivity in science: The current controversy about transgenic crops. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
43. Lacey, H. (2013). Rehabilitating neutrality. Philosophical Studies, 163(1), 77-83. doi: 10. 1007/s11098-012-0074-6.
44. Lacey, H., & Mariconda, P. R. (2012). The Eagle and the Starlings: Galileo's argument for the autonomy of science: How pertinent is it today? Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 43(1), 31-122. doi: 10. 1016/j. shpsa. 2011. 10. 012.
45. Ledford, H. (2013). Virtual reality. Nature, 498, 9-127.
46. Longino, H. (1990). Science as social knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
47. Longino, H. (1995). Gender, politics, and the theoretical virtues. Synthese, 104(3), 97-383.
48. Longino, H. (1996). Cognitive and Non-Cognitive values in science: Rethinking the dichotomy. In L. H. Nelson & J. Nelson (Eds.), Feminism, science, and the philosophy of science (pp. 39-58). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
49. MacIntyre, A. (1984). After virtue (2nd ed.). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
50. MacIntyre, A. (2006). Moral relativism, truth, and justification. Selected essays: The task of philosophy (pp. 52-73). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
51. Magnus, P. D. (2013). What scientists know is not a function of what scientists know. Philosophy of Science, 80(5), 9-840.
52. McHenry, L. (2009). Ghosts in the machine: Comment on Sismondo. Social Studies of Science, 39(6), 943-947.
53. McHenry, L., & Jureidini, J. (2008). Industry-sponsored ghostwriting in clinical trial reporting: A case study. Accountability in Research: Policies and Quality Assurance, 15, 152-167. doi: 10. 1080/08989620802194384.
54. McKaughan, D. (2007). Toward a Richard vocabulary for epistemic attitudes: Mapping the cognitive landscape. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Notre Dame.
55. McMullin, E. (1983). Values in science. In P. Asquith & T. Nickles (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1982 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association (PSA 1982) (Vol. 2, pp. 3-28). Chicago: Philosophy of Science Association.
56. McMullin, E. (1985). Galilean idealization. Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 16(3), 247-273.
57. Mirowski, P., & van Horn, R. (2005). The contract research organization and the commercialization of scientific research. Social Studies of Science, 35(4), 48-503. doi: 10. 1177/0306312705052103.
58. Okruhlik, K. (1994). Gender and the biological sciences. Canadian Journal of Philosophy (Supplement), 20, 21-42.
59. Okruhlik, K. (2004). Logical empiricism, feminism, and Neurath's auxiliary motive. Hypatia, 19(1), 48-72.
60. Psaty, B., & Kronmal, R. (2008). Reporting mortality findings in trials of Rofecoxib for Alzheimer disease or cognitive impairment: A case study based on documents from Rofecoxib litigation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 299(15), 1813-1817. doi: 10. 1001/jama. 299. 15. 1813.
61. Radder, H. (Ed.). (2010). Mertonian values, scientific norms, and the commodification of academic research, Chap. 10. In The commodification of academic research. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
62. Resnik, D. (2010). Financial interests and the norms of academic science, Chap. 4. In Radder (Ed.).
63. Richardson, H. (1994). Practical reasoning about final ends. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press.
64. Rooney, P. (1992). On values in science: Is the epistemic/non-epistemic distinction useful. In D. Hull, M. Forbes, & K. Okruhlik (Eds.) Proceedings of the 1992 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association (PSA 1992) (Vol. 2, pp. 13-22). Chicago: Philosophy of Science Association.
65. Rorty, R. (1991). The priority of democracy to philosophy. Objectivity, relativism and truth (pp. 175-195). Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press.
66. Ross, J., Hill, K., Egilman, D., & Krumholz, H. (2008). Guest authorship and ghostwriting in publications related to Rofecoxib: A case study of industry documents from Rofecoxib litigation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 299(15), 1800-1812. doi: 10. 1001/jama. 299. 15. 1800.
67. Rouse, J. (2007). Social practices and normativity. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 37(1), 46-56. doi: 10. 1177/0048393106296542.
68. Sandel, M. (1998). Liberalism and the limits of justice (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press.
69. Schiebinger, L. (1999). Has feminism changed science?. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.
70. Sismondo, S. (2009a). Ghosts in the machine: Publication planning in the medical sciences. Social Studies of Science, 39(2), 98-171.
71. Sismondo, S. (2009). Ghosts in the machine: Reply to McHenry (2009). Social Studies of Science, 39(6), 52-949.
72. Steel, D. (2010). Epistemic values and the argument from inductive risk. Philosophy of Science, 77, 14-34.
73. Steel, D., & Whyte, K. P. (2012). Environmental justice, values, and scientific expertise. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 22(2), 163-182.
74. Sung, S. C., Wisniewski, S. R., Balasubramani, G. K., Zisook, S., Kurian, B., Warden, D., et al. (2013). Does early-onset chronic or recurrent major depression impact outcomes with antidepressant medications? A CO-MED trial report. Psychological Medicine, 43(5), 945-960. doi: 10. 1017/S0033291712001742.
75. Talisse, R. (2010). An epistemological defense of democracy. Critical Review, 22(2-3), 281-291. doi: 10. 1080/08913811. 2010. 508636.
76. Tuana, N. (2012). Embedding philosophers in the practices of science: Bringing humanities to the sciences. Synthese. doi: 10. 1007/s11229-012-0171-2.
77. van den Belt, H. (2010). Robert Merton, intellectual property, and open science, Chap. 9. In Radder (Ed.).
78. van Fraassen, B. (1980). The scientific image. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
79. Wadman, M. (2011). Paxil study under fire. Nature, 475, 153. doi: 10. 1038/475153a.
80. Wylie, A. (2001). Doing social science as a feminist: The engendering of archeology. In A. Creager, E. Lunbeck, & L. Schiebinger (Eds.), Feminism in twentieth-century science, technology, and medicine. Women in culture and society (pp. 23-45). Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
81. Wylie, A. (2002). Thinking from things: Essays in the philosophy of archaeology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
82. Wylie, A., & Nelson, L. H. (2007). Chap. 3. In H. Kindcaid, J. Dupré, & A. Wylie (Eds.), Coming to terms with the values of science: Insights from feminist science studies scholarship. Oxford: Oxford University Press.