메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue JUN, 2014, Pages

Shiga toxin-converting phages and the emergence of new pathogenic Escherichia coli: A world in motion

Author keywords

Escherichia coli; Pathogroups; Shigatoxin; STEC; Stx phages

Indexed keywords

SHIGA TOXIN; VEROTOXIN 2;

EID: 84905090907     PISSN: None     EISSN: 22352988     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00080     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (68)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 84887611866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains from cattle as a source of the Stx2a bacteriophages present in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains
    • Beutin, L., Hammerl, J. A., Reetz, J., and Strauch, E. (2013). Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains from cattle as a source of the Stx2a bacteriophages present in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 303, 595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.08.001
    • (2013) Int. J. Med. Microbiol , vol.303 , pp. 595-602
    • Beutin, L.1    Hammerl, J.A.2    Reetz, J.3    Strauch, E.4
  • 2
    • 84868318731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of a distinct Stx2-encoding phage prototype among Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains from outbreaks in Germany, Norway, and Georgia
    • Beutin, L., Hammerl, J. A., Strauch, E., Reetz, J., Dieckmann, R., Kelner-Burgos, Y., et al. (2012). Spread of a distinct Stx2-encoding phage prototype among Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains from outbreaks in Germany, Norway, and Georgia. J. Virol. 86, 10444-10455. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00986-12
    • (2012) J. Virol , vol.86 , pp. 10444-10455
    • Beutin, L.1    Hammerl, J.A.2    Strauch, E.3    Reetz, J.4    Dieckmann, R.5    Kelner-Burgos, Y.6
  • 3
    • 80051804184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of the Escherichia coli strain associated with an outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Germany, 2011, a microbiological study
    • Bielaszewska, M., Mellmann, A., Zhang, W., Kock, R., Fruth, A., Bauwens, A., et al. (2011). Characterisation of the Escherichia coli strain associated with an outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Germany, 2011: a microbiological study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 11, 671-676. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70165-7
    • (2011) Lancet Infect. Dis , vol.11 , pp. 671-676
    • Bielaszewska, M.1    Mellmann, A.2    Zhang, W.3    Kock, R.4    Fruth, A.5    Bauwens, A.6
  • 4
    • 84855902172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic characterization of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli from children in Mali
    • Boisen, N., Scheutz, F., Rasko, D. A., Redman, J. C., Persson, S., Simon, J., et al. (2012). Genomic characterization of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli from children in Mali. J. Infect. Dis. 205, 431-444. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir757
    • (2012) J. Infect. Dis , vol.205 , pp. 431-444
    • Boisen, N.1    Scheutz, F.2    Rasko, D.A.3    Redman, J.C.4    Persson, S.5    Simon, J.6
  • 5
    • 46349112181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New adhesin of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli related to the Afa/Dr/AAF family
    • Boisen, N., Struve, C., Scheutz, F., Krogfelt, K. A., and Nataro, J. P. (2008). New adhesin of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli related to the Afa/Dr/AAF family. Infect. Immun. 76, 3281-3292. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01646-07
    • (2008) Infect. Immun , vol.76 , pp. 3281-3292
    • Boisen, N.1    Struve, C.2    Scheutz, F.3    Krogfelt, K.A.4    Nataro, J.P.5
  • 6
    • 82355173436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome sequence analyses of two isolates from the recent Escherichia coli outbreak in Germany reveal the emergence of a new pathotype: entero-aggregative-haemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EAHEC)
    • Brzuszkiewicz, E., Thurmer, A., Schuldes, J., Leimbach, A., Liesegang, H., Meyer, F. D., et al. (2011). Genome sequence analyses of two isolates from the recent Escherichia coli outbreak in Germany reveal the emergence of a new pathotype: entero-aggregative-haemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EAHEC). Arch. Microbiol. 193, 883-891. doi: 10.1007/s00203-011-0725-6
    • (2011) Arch. Microbiol , vol.193 , pp. 883-891
    • Brzuszkiewicz, E.1    Thurmer, A.2    Schuldes, J.3    Leimbach, A.4    Liesegang, H.5    Meyer, F.D.6
  • 8
    • 19144368669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission
    • Caprioli, A., Morabito, S., Brugere, H., and Oswald, E. (2005). Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission. Vet. Res. 36, 289-311. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2005002
    • (2005) Vet. Res , vol.36 , pp. 289-311
    • Caprioli, A.1    Morabito, S.2    Brugere, H.3    Oswald, E.4
  • 10
    • 77950633328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic potential and horizontal gene transfer in ovine gastrointestinal Escherichia coli
    • Dopfer, D., Sekse, C., Beutin, L., Solheim, H., Van Der Wal, F. J., De Boer, A., et al. (2010). Pathogenic potential and horizontal gene transfer in ovine gastrointestinal Escherichia coli. J. Appl. Microbiol. 108, 1552-1562. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04575.x
    • (2010) J. Appl. Microbiol , vol.108 , pp. 1552-1562
    • Dopfer, D.1    Sekse, C.2    Beutin, L.3    Solheim, H.4    Van Der Wal, F.J.5    De Boer, A.6
  • 11
    • 80955168000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemic profile of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany
    • Frank, C., Werber, D., Cramer, J. P., Askar, M., Faber, M., An Der Heiden, M., et al. (2011). Epidemic profile of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 1771-1780. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1106483
    • (2011) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.365 , pp. 1771-1780
    • Frank, C.1    Werber, D.2    Cramer, J.P.3    Askar, M.4    Faber, M.5    An Der Heiden, M.6
  • 12
    • 0027956341 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence analysis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) adherence factor probe and development of PCR for rapid detection of EPEC harboring virulence plasmids
    • Franke, J., Franke, S., Schmidt, H., Schwarzkopf, A., Wieler, L. H., Baljer, G., et al. (1994). Nucleotide sequence analysis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) adherence factor probe and development of PCR for rapid detection of EPEC harboring virulence plasmids. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 2460-2463.
    • (1994) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.32 , pp. 2460-2463
    • Franke, J.1    Franke, S.2    Schmidt, H.3    Schwarzkopf, A.4    Wieler, L.H.5    Baljer, G.6
  • 14
    • 0034308009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducible stx2 phages are lysogenized in the enteroaggregative and other phenotypic Escherichia coli O86:HNM isolated from patients
    • Iyoda, S., Tamura, K., Itoh, K., Izumiya, H., Ueno, N., Nagata, K., et al. (2000). Inducible stx2 phages are lysogenized in the enteroaggregative and other phenotypic Escherichia coli O86:HNM isolated from patients. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 191, 7-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09311.x
    • (2000) FEMS Microbiol. Lett , vol.191 , pp. 7-10
    • Iyoda, S.1    Tamura, K.2    Itoh, K.3    Izumiya, H.4    Ueno, N.5    Nagata, K.6
  • 15
    • 33644505184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of cytotoxic necrotizing factor and cytolethal distending toxin producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from meat samples in Northern Ireland
    • Kadhum, H. J., Ball, H. J., Oswald, E., and Rowe, M. T. (2006). Characteristics of cytotoxic necrotizing factor and cytolethal distending toxin producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from meat samples in Northern Ireland. Food Microbiol. 23, 491-497. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2005.07.003
    • (2006) Food Microbiol , vol.23 , pp. 491-497
    • Kadhum, H.J.1    Ball, H.J.2    Oswald, E.3    Rowe, M.T.4
  • 16
    • 63049116567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host and pathogen determinants of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome
    • Karmali, M. A. (2009). Host and pathogen determinants of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Kidney Int. Suppl. S4-S7. doi: 10.1038/ki.2008.608
    • (2009) Kidney Int , pp. S4-S7
    • Karmali, M.A.1
  • 17
    • 10744231312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of genomic O island 122 of Escherichia coli EDL 933 with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli seropathotypes that are linked to epidemic and/or serious disease
    • Karmali, M. A., Mascarenhas, M., Shen, S., Ziebell, K., Johnson, S., Reid-Smith, R., et al. (2003). Association of genomic O island 122 of Escherichia coli EDL 933 with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli seropathotypes that are linked to epidemic and/or serious disease. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41, 4930-4940. doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.11.4930-4940.2003
    • (2003) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.41 , pp. 4930-4940
    • Karmali, M.A.1    Mascarenhas, M.2    Shen, S.3    Ziebell, K.4    Johnson, S.5    Reid-Smith, R.6
  • 18
    • 0023128113 scopus 로고
    • Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea: enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, and enteroadherent
    • Levine, M. M. (1987). Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea: enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, and enteroadherent. J. Infect. Dis. 155, 377-389. doi: 10.1093/infdis/155.3.377
    • (1987) J. Infect. Dis , vol.155 , pp. 377-389
    • Levine, M.M.1
  • 19
    • 84873053679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A laboratory-developed TaqMan Array Card for simultaneous detection of 19 enteropathogens
    • Liu, J., Gratz, J., Amour, C., Kibiki, G., Becker, S., Janaki, L., et al. (2013). A laboratory-developed TaqMan Array Card for simultaneous detection of 19 enteropathogens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 51, 472-480. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02658-12
    • (2013) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 472-480
    • Liu, J.1    Gratz, J.2    Amour, C.3    Kibiki, G.4    Becker, S.5    Janaki, L.6
  • 21
    • 0031025080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cloned pathogenicity island from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli confers the attaching and effacing phenotype on E. coli K-12
    • Mcdaniel, T. K., and Kaper, J. B. (1997). A cloned pathogenicity island from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli confers the attaching and effacing phenotype on E. coli K-12. Mol. Microbiol. 23, 399-407. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.2311591.x
    • (1997) Mol. Microbiol , vol.23 , pp. 399-407
    • Mcdaniel, T.K.1    Kaper, J.B.2
  • 22
    • 79960609901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective genomic characterization of the German enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak by rapid next generation sequencing technology
    • Mellmann, A., Harmsen, D., Cummings, C. A., Zentz, E. B., Leopold, S. R., Rico, A., et al. (2011). Prospective genomic characterization of the German enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak by rapid next generation sequencing technology. PLoS One 6:e22751. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022751
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Mellmann, A.1    Harmsen, D.2    Cummings, C.A.3    Zentz, E.B.4    Leopold, S.R.5    Rico, A.6
  • 24
    • 3042700150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free Shiga toxin bacteriophages isolated from sewage showed diversity although the stx genes appeared conserved
    • Muniesa, M., Serra-Moreno, R., and Jofre, J. (2004). Free Shiga toxin bacteriophages isolated from sewage showed diversity although the stx genes appeared conserved. Environ. Microbiol. 6, 716-725. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00604.x
    • (2004) Environ. Microbiol , vol.6 , pp. 716-725
    • Muniesa, M.1    Serra-Moreno, R.2    Jofre, J.3
  • 25
    • 0031984684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli
    • Nataro, J. P., and Kaper, J. B. (1998). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11, 142-201.
    • (1998) Clin. Microbiol. Rev , vol.11 , pp. 142-201
    • Nataro, J.P.1    Kaper, J.B.2
  • 26
    • 0021683078 scopus 로고
    • Shiga-like toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis or infantile diarrhea
    • O'brien, A. D., Newland, J. W., Miller, S. F., Holmes, R. K., Smith, H. W., and Formal, S. B. (1984). Shiga-like toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis or infantile diarrhea. Science 226, 694-696. doi: 10.1126/science.6387911
    • (1984) Science , vol.226 , pp. 694-696
    • O'brien, A.D.1    Newland, J.W.2    Miller, S.F.3    Holmes, R.K.4    Smith, H.W.5    Formal, S.B.6
  • 27
    • 0021367325 scopus 로고
    • Standard reference strains of Escherichia coli from natural populations
    • Ochman, H., and Selander, R. K. (1984). Standard reference strains of Escherichia coli from natural populations. J. Bacteriol. 157, 690-693.
    • (1984) J. Bacteriol , vol.157 , pp. 690-693
    • Ochman, H.1    Selander, R.K.2
  • 28
    • 33744519950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of Gb3/CD77 synthase gene resulted in the complete deletion of globo-series glycosphingolipids and loss of sensitivity to verotoxins
    • Okuda, T., Tokuda, N., Numata, S., Ito, M., Ohta, M., Kawamura, K., et al. (2006). Targeted disruption of Gb3/CD77 synthase gene resulted in the complete deletion of globo-series glycosphingolipids and loss of sensitivity to verotoxins. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 10230-10235. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M600057200
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem , vol.281 , pp. 10230-10235
    • Okuda, T.1    Tokuda, N.2    Numata, S.3    Ito, M.4    Ohta, M.5    Kawamura, K.6
  • 29
    • 0033981931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Typing of intimin genes in human and animal enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: characterization of a new intimin variant
    • Oswald, E., Schmidt, H., Morabito, S., Karch, H., Marches, O., and Caprioli, A. (2000). Typing of intimin genes in human and animal enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: characterization of a new intimin variant. Infect. Immun. 68, 64-71. doi: 10.1128/IAI.68.1.64-71.2000
    • (2000) Infect. Immun , vol.68 , pp. 64-71
    • Oswald, E.1    Schmidt, H.2    Morabito, S.3    Karch, H.4    Marches, O.5    Caprioli, A.6
  • 30
    • 0030027297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterobacter cloacae producing a Shiga-like toxin II-related cytotoxin associated with a case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome
    • Paton, A. W., and Paton, J. C. (1996). Enterobacter cloacae producing a Shiga-like toxin II-related cytotoxin associated with a case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 463-465.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.34 , pp. 463-465
    • Paton, A.W.1    Paton, J.C.2
  • 31
    • 0036135012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct detection and characterization of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by multiplex PCR for stx1, stx2, eae, ehxA, and saa
    • Paton, A. W., and Paton, J. C. (2002). Direct detection and characterization of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by multiplex PCR for stx1, stx2, eae, ehxA, and saa. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 271-274. doi: 10.1128/JCM.40.1.271-274.2002
    • (2002) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 271-274
    • Paton, A.W.1    Paton, J.C.2
  • 32
    • 80052150179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of the E. coli strain causing an outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Germany
    • Rasko, D. A., Webster, D. R., Sahl, J. W., Bashir, A., Boisen, N., Scheutz, F., et al. (2011). Origins of the E. coli strain causing an outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Germany. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 709-717. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1106920
    • (2011) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.365 , pp. 709-717
    • Rasko, D.A.1    Webster, D.R.2    Sahl, J.W.3    Bashir, A.4    Boisen, N.5    Scheutz, F.6
  • 34
    • 84930477417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains from Italy and Germany
    • Scavia, G., Morabito, S., Tozzoli, R., Michelacci, V., Marziano, M. L., Minelli, F., et al. (2011). Similarity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains from Italy and Germany. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17, 1957-1958. doi: 10.3201/eid1710.111072
    • (2011) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.17 , pp. 1957-1958
    • Scavia, G.1    Morabito, S.2    Tozzoli, R.3    Michelacci, V.4    Marziano, M.L.5    Minelli, F.6
  • 36
    • 84865192343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter evaluation of a sequence-based protocol for subtyping Shiga toxins and standardizing Stx nomenclature
    • Scheutz, F., Teel, L. D., Beutin, L., Pierard, D., Buvens, G., Karch, H., et al. (2012). Multicenter evaluation of a sequence-based protocol for subtyping Shiga toxins and standardizing Stx nomenclature. J. Clin. Microbiol. 50, 2951-2963. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00860-12
    • (2012) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 2951-2963
    • Scheutz, F.1    Teel, L.D.2    Beutin, L.3    Pierard, D.4    Buvens, G.5    Karch, H.6
  • 40
    • 57749104827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25 isolated from patients suffering from hemolytic uremic syndrome
    • 25 isolated from patients suffering from hemolytic uremic syndrome. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 5, 801-810. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0130
    • (2008) Foodborne Pathog. Dis , vol.5 , pp. 801-810
    • Sekse, C.1    Muniesa, M.2    Wasteson, Y.3
  • 41
    • 52049121521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is lack of susceptible recipients in the intestinal environment the limiting factor for transduction of Shiga toxin-encoding phages?
    • Sekse, C., Solheim, H., Urdahl, A. M., and Wasteson, Y. (2008b). Is lack of susceptible recipients in the intestinal environment the limiting factor for transduction of Shiga toxin-encoding phages? J. Appl. Microbiol. 105, 1114-1120. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03845.x
    • (2008) J. Appl. Microbiol , vol.105 , pp. 1114-1120
    • Sekse, C.1    Solheim, H.2    Urdahl, A.M.3    Wasteson, Y.4
  • 42
    • 34548595387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insertion site occupancy by stx2 bacteriophages depends on the locus availability of the host strain chromosome
    • Serra-Moreno, R., Jofre, J., and Muniesa, M. (2007). Insertion site occupancy by stx2 bacteriophages depends on the locus availability of the host strain chromosome. J. Bacteriol. 189, 6645-6654. doi: 10.1128/JB.00466-07
    • (2007) J. Bacteriol , vol.189 , pp. 6645-6654
    • Serra-Moreno, R.1    Jofre, J.2    Muniesa, M.3
  • 43
    • 15244348050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome
    • Tarr, P. I., Gordon, C. A., and Chandler, W. L. (2005). Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Lancet 365, 1073-1086. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71144-2
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1073-1086
    • Tarr, P.I.1    Gordon, C.A.2    Chandler, W.L.3
  • 45
    • 84921291333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli infections in humans,'
    • 1st Edn. ed. M. Stefano (Norfolk: Caister Academic Press)
    • Tozzoli, R., and Scheutz, F. (2014). "Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli infections in humans," in Pathogenic Escherichia Coli, Molecular and Cellular Microbiology, 1st Edn., ed. M. Stefano (Norfolk: Caister Academic Press), 1-18.
    • (2014) Pathogenic Escherichia Coli, Molecular and Cellular Microbiology , pp. 1-18
    • Tozzoli, R.1    Scheutz, F.2
  • 46
    • 0036095923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
    • Trabulsi, L. R., Keller, R., and Tardelli Gomes, T. A. (2002). Typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8, 508-513. doi: 10.3201/eid0805.010385
    • (2002) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.8 , pp. 508-513
    • Trabulsi, L.R.1    Keller, R.2    Tardelli Gomes, T.A.3
  • 47
    • 0029073357 scopus 로고
    • Verotoxinogenic Citrobacter freundii associated with severe gastroenteritis and cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a nursery school: green butter as the infection source
    • Tschape, H., Prager, R., Streckel, W., Fruth, A., Tietze, E., and Bohme, G. (1995). Verotoxinogenic Citrobacter freundii associated with severe gastroenteritis and cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a nursery school: green butter as the infection source. Epidemiol. Infect. 114, 441-450. doi: 10.1017/S0950268800052158
    • (1995) Epidemiol. Infect , vol.114 , pp. 441-450
    • Tschape, H.1    Prager, R.2    Streckel, W.3    Fruth, A.4    Tietze, E.5    Bohme, G.6
  • 48
    • 84875165648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace-back and trace-forward tools developed ad hoc and used during the STEC O104:H4 outbreak 2011 in Germany and generic concepts for future outbreak situations
    • Weiser, A. A., Gross, S., Schielke, A., Wigger, J. F., Ernert, A., Adolphs, J., et al. (2013). Trace-back and trace-forward tools developed ad hoc and used during the STEC O104:H4 outbreak 2011 in Germany and generic concepts for future outbreak situations. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 10, 263-269. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1296
    • (2013) Foodborne Pathog. Dis , vol.10 , pp. 263-269
    • Weiser, A.A.1    Gross, S.2    Schielke, A.3    Wigger, J.F.4    Ernert, A.5    Adolphs, J.6
  • 49
    • 84889828314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli carrying the Shiga Toxin gene stx2
    • Wester, A. L., Brandal, L. T., and Dahle, U. R. (2013). Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli carrying the Shiga Toxin gene stx2. J. Clin. Microbiol. 51, 4279-4280. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01349-13
    • (2013) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 4279-4280
    • Wester, A.L.1    Brandal, L.T.2    Dahle, U.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.