Influence of the molecular weight of a modifier on the phase separation in an epoxy thermoset modified with a thermoplastic

European Polymer Journal

Volumn 58, Issue , 2014, Pages 125-134

  Rico, Maite ^a   López, Joaquín ^a   Montero, Belén ^a   Bouza, Rebeca ^a   Díez, Francisco Javier ^a  

^a Laboratorio de Polímeros   (Spain)

Author keywords

Morphology; Polymer blend; Polymerization induced phase separation; Thermodynamics

Indexed keywords

MORPHOLOGY; PHASE DIAGRAMS; PHASE SEPARATION; POLYMER BLENDS; POLYMERIZATION; REINFORCED PLASTICS; THERMOANALYSIS; THERMODYNAMICS;

EPOXY THERMOSETS; FLORY-HUGGINS THEORY; MISCIBILITY OF BLENDS; MODEL-BASED OPC; MOLECULAR FRACTIONATION; POLYMERIZATION-INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; THERMO DYNAMIC ANALYSIS;

MOLECULAR WEIGHT;

EID: 84904663364     PISSN: 00143057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.06.017     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. R.J.J. Williams, B.A. Rozenberg, and J.P. Pascault Advances in polymer science: polymer analysis, polymer physics vol. 128 1997 Springer Germany p. 95-156
2. J.P. Pascault, and R.J.J. Williams D.R. Paul, C.B. Bucknall, Polymer blends: formulation vol. 1 2000 Wiley New York 379 415 [chapter 13]
3. J. López, C. Ramírez, M.J. Abad, L. Barral, J. Cano, and F.J. Díez Blends of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with an epoxy/cycloaliphatic amine resin: phase-separation behaviour and morphologies J Appl Polym Sci 85 2002 1277 1286
4. I.A. Zucchi, M.J. Galante, and R.J.J. Williams Comparison of morphologies and mechanical properties of crosslinked epoxies modified by polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate)) or by the corresponding block copolymer po (Pubitemid 40353687)
5. M.G. Prolongo, C. Arribas, C. Salom, and R.M. Masegosa Mechanical properties and morphology of epoxy/poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(4-vinyl phenol) brominated system J Therm Anal Calorim 87 1 2007 33 39 (Pubitemid 46219043)
6. W.F. Schroeder, J. Borrajo, and M.I. Aranguren Poly(methyl methacrylate)-modified vinyl ester thermosets: morphology, volume shrinkage, and mechanical properties J Appl Polym Sci 106 2007 4007 4017 (Pubitemid 350149366)
7. H.E. Romeo, A. Vílchez, J. Esquena, C.E. Hoppe, and R.J.J. Williams Polymerization-induced phase separation as a one-step strategy to self-assemble alkanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles inside polystyrene domains dispersed in an epoxy matrix Eur Polym J 48 2012 1101 1109
8. Y. Liu Polymerization-induced phase separation and resulting thermomechanical properties of thermosetting/reactive nonlinear polymer blends: a review J Appl Polym Sci 127 5 2013 3279 3292
9. J.W. Park, and S.C. Kim S.C. Kim, L.H. Sperling, IPNs Around the World. Science and Engineering 1997 Springer Chichester 27
10. E.R. Soulé, G.E. Eliçabe, J. Borrajo, and R.J.J. Williams Analysis of the phase separation induced by a free-radical polymerization in solutions of polyisobutylene in isobornyl methacrylate Ind Eng Chem Res 46 2007 7535 7542 (Pubitemid 350158542)
11. W.F. Schroeder, M.J. Yáñez, M.I. Aranguren, and J. Borrajo PMMA-modified divinylester/styrene resins: phase diagrams and morphologies J Appl Polym Sci 100 2006 4539 4549
12. J.J. Choi, and Y.C. Bae Liquid-liquid equilibria of polydisperse polymer systems Eur Polym J 35 1999 1703 1711 (Pubitemid 129662623)
13. R. Koningsveld, and A.J. Staverman Liquid-liquid phase separation in multicomponent polymer solutions. I. Statement of the problem and description of methods of calculation J Polym Sci Part A-2 6 1968 305 323
14. M.L. Auad, J. Borrajo, and M.I. Aranguren Morphology of rubber-modified vinyl ester resins cured at different temperatures J Appl Polym Sci 89 2003 274 283 (Pubitemid 36602232)
15. P.M. Stefani, C.C. Riccardi, P.M. Remiro, and I. Mondragón Morphology profiles generated by temperature gradient in PMMA modified epoxy system Polym Eng Sci 41 11 2001 2013 2021 (Pubitemid 34005151)
16. P.M. Remiro, C. Marieta, C.C. Riccardi, and I. Mondragon Influence of curing conditions on the morphologies of a PMMA-modified epoxy matrix Polymer 42 2001 9909 9914 (Pubitemid 32899930)
17. E. Girard-Reydet, V. Vicard, J.P. Pascault, and H. Sautereau Polyetherimide-modified epoxy networks: influence of cure conditions on morphology and mechanical properties J Appl Polym Sci 65 1997 2433 2445 (Pubitemid 127564208)
18. M. Rico, J. López, B. Montero, C. Ramírez, and R. Bouza Thermodynamic analysis of polymerization-induced phase separation of a polystyrene in epoxy/monoamine-diamine systems. Effect of monoamine-diamine proportion on the phase diagram Eur Polym J 47 2011 1676 1685
19. M. Rico, J. López, F.J. Díez, and R. Bellas Simulation of molecular fractionation and species distributions in phase separation of polystyrene-modified epoxy/monoamine-diamine blends Eur Polym J 47 2011 2432 2441
20. M. Rico, J. López, B. Montero, and R. Bellas Phase separation and morphology development in a thermoplastic-modified toughened epoxy Eur Polym J 48 2012 1660 1673
21. P.J. Flory Thermodynamics of high-polymer solutions J Chem Phys 9 1941 660 661 10 (1942) 51-61
22. M.L. Huggins Solutions of long-chain compounds J Chem Phys 9 1941 440
23. C.C. Riccardi, J. Borrajo, L. Meynie, F. Fenouillot, and J.P. Pascault Thermodynamic analysis of the phase separation during the polymerization of a thermoset system into a thermoplastic matrix. Part 1: Effect of composition on cloud-point curves J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 42 2004 1351 1360
24. C. Arribas, R.M. Masegosa, C. Salom, E. Arévalo, S.G. Prolongo, and M.G. Prolongo Epoxy/poly(benzyl methacrylate) blends: miscibility, phase separation on curing and morphology J Therm Anal Calorim 86 3 2006 693 698 (Pubitemid 44892370)
25. M.J. Galante, P.A. Oyanguren, K. Andromaque, P.M. Frontini, and R.J.J. Williams Blends of epoxy/anhydride thermosets with a high-molar-mass poly(methyl methacrylate) Polym Int 48 1999 642 648 (Pubitemid 129304296)
26. R. Koningseveld, and A.J. Staverman Liquid-liquid phase separation in multicomponent polymer solutions J Polym Sci Part A-2 6 1968 325 347 349-366
27. W.H. Stockmayer Molecular distribution in condensation polymers J Polym Sci 9 1952 69 71
28. L.H. Peebles J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut, E.A. Grulke, Polymer handbook vol. I, fourth ed. 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New Jersey 354
29. E.R. Soulé, B. Jaffrennou, F. Méchin, J.P. Pascault, J. Borrajo, and R.J.J. Williams Thermodynamic analysis of the reaction-induced phase separation of solutions of random copolymers of methyl methacrylate and N,N-dimethylacrylamide in the precursors of a polythiourethane network J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 44 2006 2821 2827 (Pubitemid 44505467)
30. C.C. Riccardi, J. Borrajo, R.J.J. Williams, E. Girard-Reydet, H. Sautereau, and J.P. Pascault Thermodynamic analysis of the phase separation in polyetherimide-modified epoxies J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 34 1996 349 356 (Pubitemid 126698662)
31. S. Maiez-Tribut, J.P. Pascault, E.R. Soulé, J. Borrajo, and R.J.J. Williams Nanostructured epoxies based on the self-assembly of block copolymers: a new miscible block that can be tailored to different epoxy formulations Macromolecules 40 2007 1268 1273 (Pubitemid 46383783)
32. C.C. Riccardi, and J. Borrajo Epoxy/amine systems with monodisperse modifiers: thermodynamic analysis of the phase separation process taking the polymer polydispersity into account Polym Int 32 1993 241 246 (Pubitemid 23714861)
33. C.C. Riccardi, J. Borrajo, and R.J.J. Williams Thermodynamic analysis of phase separation in rubber-modified thermosetting polymers: influence of the reactive polymer polydispersity Polymer 35 25 1994 5541 5550
34. L.H. Peebles Molecular weight distributions in polymers 1971 Insterscience Publishers New York
35. J. Borrajo, C.C. Riccardi, R.J.J. Williams, Z.Q. Cao, and J.P. Pascault Rubber-modified cyanate esters: thermodynamic analysis of phase separation Polymer 36 18 1995 3541 3547
36. I.A. Zucchi, M.J. Galante, J. Borrajo, and R.J.J. Williams A model system for the thermodynamic analysis of reaction-induced phase separation: solutions of polystyrene in bifunctional epoxy/amine monomers Macromol Chem Phys 205 2004 676 683
37. J.J. Choi, and Y.C. Bae Liquid-liquid equilibria of polydisperse polymer systems: applicability of continuous thermodynamics Fluid Phase Equilib 157 1999 213 228 (Pubitemid 29331815)
38. Y.C. Bae, J.J. Shim, D.S. Soane, and J.M. Prausnitz Representation of vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria for binary systems containing polymers: applicability of an extended Flory-Huggins equation J Appl Polym Sci 47 7 1993 1193 1206 (Pubitemid 23616449)
39. B. Jaffrennou, E.R. Soulé, F. Méchin, J. Borrajo, J.P. Pascault, and R.J.J. Williams Miscibility of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and oligodiols based on a bisphenol A nucleus and ethylene oxide or propylene oxide branches Polymer 45 2004 7185 7192 (Pubitemid 39286073)
40. W.F. Schroeder, M.L. Auad, M.A. Barcia Vico, J. Borrajo, and M.I. Aranguren Thermodynamic, morphological, mechanical and fracture properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) modified divinylester(DVE)/styrene(St) thermosets Polymer 46 2005 2306 2319 (Pubitemid 40311700)
41. E. Soulé, M. García de la Mata, J. Borrajo, P.A. Oyanguren, and M.J. Galante Reaction-induced phase separation in an epoxy/low molecular weight solvent system J Mater Sci 38 2003 2809 2814
42. M. Larrañaga, N. Gabilondo, G. Kortaberria, E. Serrano, P. Remiro, and C.C. Riccardi et al. Micro- or nanoseparated phases in thermoset blends of an epoxy resin and PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer Polymer 46 2005 7082 7093 (Pubitemid 41125168)
43. R.A. Ruseckaite, and R.J.J. Williams Castor-oil-modified epoxy resins as model systems of rubber-modified themosets. 1: Thermodynamic analysis of the phase separation Polym Int 30 1993 11 16
44. M. Rico, C. Ramírez, B. Montero, J. Díez, and J. López Phase diagram for a system of polydisperse components consisting of the precursor of an epoxy/diamine thermoset and a thermoplastic: analysis based on a lattice theory model Macromol Theory Simul 15 2006 487 496 (Pubitemid 44213652)
45. M. Rico, J. López, C. Ramírez, J. Díez, and B. Montero Phase diagram of different epoxy-amine precursors modified with a thermoplastic: effect of structure of epoxy-amine system on miscibility Polymer 50 2009 569 577
46. P.A. Oyanguren, C.C. Riccardi, R.J.J. Williams, and I. Mondragon Phase separation induced by a chain polymerization: polysulfone-modified epoxy/anhydride systems J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys 36 1998 1349 1359 (Pubitemid 128578587)
47. M.L. Auad, M.I. Aranguren, and J. Borrajo Quasibinary and quasiternary styrene, dimethacrylate resin, and CTBN (or VTBN) liquid rubber systems: phase diagrams, interaction parameters and cured materials morphologies Polymer 42 2001 6503 6513 (Pubitemid 32433446)
48. M. Rico, J. Borrajo, M.J. Abad, L. Barral, and J. López Thermodynamic analysis of phase separation in an epoxy/polystyrene mixture Polymer 46 2005 6114 6121 (Pubitemid 40946399)
49. D. Verchere, J.P. Pascault, H. Sautereau, S.M. Moschiar, C.C. Riccardi, and R.J.J. Williams Rubber-modified epoxies. II. Influence of the cure schedule and rubber concentration on the generated morphology J Appl Polym Sci 42 1991 701 716
50. S. Montarnal, J.P. Pascault, and H. Sautereau C.K. Riew, Rubber-Toughened Plastics, Advances in Chemistry Series vol. 222 1989 American Chemical Society Washington, DC 193
51. D. Verchère, H. Sautereau, J.P. Pascault, S.M. Moschiar, C.C. Riccardi, and R.J.J. Williams C.K. Riew, A.J. Kinloch, Toughened Plastics I: Advances in Chemistry Series vol. 233 1993 American Chemical Society Washington, DC 335 [chapter 14]
52. D. Verchère, H. Sautereau, J.P. Pascault, S.M. Moschiar, C.C. Riccardi, and R.J.J. Williams Rubber-modified epoxies: analysis of the phase separation process Polym Mater Sci Eng 63 1990 99 103
53. I.A. Zucchi, M.J. Galante, J. Borrajo, and R.J.J. Williams Thermodynamic analysis of the reaction-induced phase separation in model systems based on blends of a rubber in diepoxide/monoamine precursors Macromol Symp 198 2003 295 307