Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and OCD spectrum disorders: An empirical review

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

Volumn 28, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 612-624

  Bluett, Ellen J ^a   Homan, Kendra J ^a   Morrison, Kate L ^a   Levin, Michael E ^a   Twohig, Michael P ^a  

^a UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Acceptance and commitment therapy; Anxiety; Meta analysis; Mindfulness; Review

Indexed keywords

ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY; ANXIETY DISORDER; AWARENESS; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; META ANALYSIS; MIXED ANXIETY DISORDER; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PANIC; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; SOCIAL PHOBIA;

ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY; ANXIETY; META-ANALYSIS; MINDFULNESS; REVIEW;

ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; QUESTIONNAIRES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84904545687     PISSN: 08876185     EISSN: 18737897     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.008     Document Type: Review

References (124)

1. Abramowitz J.S., Lackey G.R., Wheaton M.G. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms: the contribution of obsessional beliefs and experiential avoidance. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2009, 23(2):160-166. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.06.003.
2. American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 2013, American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., Arlington, VA, USA. 5th ed.
3. Andrew D.H., Dulin P.L. The relationship between self-reported health and mental health problems among older adults in New Zealand: experiential avoidance as a moderator. Aging & Mental Health 2007, 11(5):596-603. 10.1080/13607860601086587.
4. Arch J.J., Craske M.G. Mechanisms of mindfulness: emotion regulation following a focused breathing induction. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006, 44(12):1849-1858. 10.1016/j.brat.2005.12.007.
5. Arch J.J., Eifert G.H., Davies C., Vilardaga J.C.P., Rose R.D., Craske M.G. Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2012, 80(5):750-765. 10.1037/a0028310.
6. Arch J.J., Wolitzky-Taylor K.B., Eifert G.H., Craske M.G. Longitudinal treatment mediation of traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2012, 50(7-8):469-478. 10.1016/j.brat.2012.04.007.
7. Armstrong A.B., Morrison K.L., Twohig M.P. A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 2013, 27(2):175.
8. Bardeen J.R., Fergus T.A., Orcutt H.K. Experiential avoidance as a moderator of the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and perceived stress. Behavior Therapy 2013, 44(3):459-469. 10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.001.
9. Batten S.V., Hayes S.C. Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of comorbid substance abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder: a case study. Clinical Case Studies 2005, 4(3):246-262. 10.1177/1534650103259689.
10. Begotka A.M., Woods D.W., Wetterneck C.T. The relationship between experiential avoidance and the severity of trichotillomania in a nonreferred sample. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2004, 35(1):17-24. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.02.001.
11. Berman N.C., Wheaton M.G., McGrath P., Abramowitz J.S. Predicting anxiety: the role of experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2010, 24(1):109-113. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.09.005.
12. Block J.A., Wulfert E. Acceptance or change: treating socially anxious college students with ACT or CBGT. The Behavior Analyst Today 2000, 1(2):1-55.
13. Boelen P.A., Reijntjes A. Measuring experiential avoidance: reliability and validity of the Dutch 9-item Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2008, 30(4):241-251. 10.1007/s10862-008-9082-4.
14. Bohlmeijer E.T., Fledderus M., Rokx T.A.J.J., Pieterse M.E. Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2011, 49(1):62-67. 10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.003.
15. Bond F.W., Hayes S.C., Baer R.A., Carpenter K.C., Guenole N., Orcutt H.K., et al. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: a revised measure of psychological flexibility and acceptance. Behavior Therapy 2011, 1-38.
16. Borenstein M., Hedges L.V., Higgins J.P.T., Rothstein H.R. Introduction to meta-analysis 2009, Wiley, New York, NY.
17. Borenstein M., Rothstein H. Comprehensive meta analysis: a computer program for research synthesis 1999, Biostat, Inc., Englewood, NJ.
18. Brady V.P., Whitman S.M. An acceptance and mindfulness-based approach to social phobia: a case study. Journal of College Counseling 2012, 15(1):81-96. 10.1002/j.2161-1882.2012.00007.x.
19. Breen W.E., Kashdan T.B. Anger suppression after imagined rejection among individuals with social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2011, 25(7):879-887. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.04.009.
20. Briggs E.S., Price I.R. The relationship between adverse childhood experience and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs: the role of anxiety, depression, and experiential avoidance. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2009, 23(8):1037-1046. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.004.
21. Brown L.A., Forman E.M., Herbert J.D., Hoffman K.L., Yuen E.K., Goetter E.M. A randomized controlled trial of acceptance-based behavior therapy and cognitive therapy for test anxiety: a pilot study. Behavior Modification 2011, 35(1):31-53. 10.1177/0145445510390930.
22. Buhr K., Dugas M.J. Fear of emotions, experiential avoidance, and intolerance of uncertainty in worry and generalized anxiety disorder. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 2012, 5(1):1-17. 10.1521/ijct.2012.5.1.1.
23. Campbell-Sills L., Barlow D.H., Brown T.A., Hofmann S.G. Acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in anxiety and mood disorders. Emotion (Washington, DC) 2006, 6(4):587-595. 10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.587.
24. Codd R.T.I., Twohig M.P., Crosby J.M., Enno A. Treatment of three anxiety disorder cases with acceptance and commitment therapy in a private practice. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 2011, 25(3):203-217. 10.1891/0889-8391.25.3.203.
25. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 1988, Psychology Press, Hillsdale, NJ. 2nd ed.
26. Costa J., Pinto-Gouveia J. The mediation effect of experiential avoidance between coping and psychopathology in chronic pain. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 2011, 18(1):34-47. 10.1002/cpp.699.
27. Cowdrey F.A., Park R.J. The role of experiential avoidance, rumination and mindfulness in eating disorders. Eating Behaviors 2012, 13(2):100-105. 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.01.001.
28. Craske M.G., Rauch S.L., Ursano R., Prenoveau J., Pine D.S., Zinbarg R.E. What is an anxiety disorder?. Depression and Anxiety 2009, 26(12):1066-1085. 10.1002/da.20633.
29. Czech S.J., Katz A.M., Orsillo S.M. The effect of values affirmation on psychological stress. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 2011, 40(4):304-312. 10.1080/16506073.2011.585347.
30. Dalrymple K.L., Herbert J.D. Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder: a pilot study. Behavior Modification 2007, 31(5):543-568. 10.1177/0145445507302037.
31. Dalrymple K.L., Morgan T.A., Lipschitz J.M., Martinez J.H., Tepe E., Zimmerman M. An integrated, acceptance-based behavioral approach for depression with social anxiety: preliminary results. Behavior Modification 2014, 10.1177/0145445513518422.
32. Dehlin J.P., Morrison K.L., Twohig M.P. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for scrupulosity in obsessive compulsive disorder. Behavior Modification 2013, 37(3):409-430. 10.1177/0145445512475134.
33. Dickens C., Coventry P., Khara A., Bower P., Mansell W., Bakerly N.D. Perseverative negative cognitive processes are associated with depression in people with long-term conditions. Chronic Illness 2012, 8(2):102-111. 10.1177/1742395311433058.
34. Eifert G.H., Forsyth J.P. Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders: a practitioner's treatment guide to using mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based behavior change strategies 2005, New Harbinger Publications, Oakland, CA, USA.
35. Eifert G.H., Forsyth J.P., Arch J., Espejo E., Keller M., Langer D. Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders: three case studies exemplifying a unified treatment protocol. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2009, 16(4):368-385. 10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.06.001.
36. Eifert G.H., Heffner M. The effects of acceptance versus control contexts on avoidance of panic-related symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2003, 34(3/4):293-312. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2003.11.001.
37. Esteve R., Ramírez-Maestre C., López-Martínez A.E. Experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity as dispositional variables and their relationship to the adjustment to chronic pain. European Journal of Pain 2012, 16(5):718-726. 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00035.x.
38. Fergus T.A., Valentiner D.P., Gillen M.J., Hiraoka R., Twohig M.P., Abramowitz J.S., et al. Assessing psychological inflexibility: the psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth in two adult samples. Psychological Assessment 2012, 24(2):402-408. 10.1037/a0025776.
39. Fledderus M., Bohlmeijer E.T., Pieterse M.E. Does experiential avoidance mediate the effects of maladaptive coping styles on psychopathology and mental health?. Behavior Modification 2010, 34(6):503-519. 10.1177/0145445510378379.
40. Fledderus M., Oude Voshaar M.A., Ten Klooster P.M., Bohlmeijer E.T. Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. Psychological Assessment 2012, 24(4):925-936. 10.1037/a0028200.
41. Flessner C.A., Busch A.M., Heideman P.W., Woods D.W. Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy (AEBT) for trichotillomania and chronic skin picking. Behavior Modification 2008, 32(5):579-594. 10.1177/0145445507313800.
42. Flessner C.A., Woods D.W. Phenomenological characteristics, social problems, and the economic impact associated with chronic skin picking. Behavior Modification 2006, 30(6):944-963. 10.1177/0145445506294083.
43. Forman E.M., Chapman J.E., Herbert J.D., Goetter E.M., Yuen E.K., Moitra E. Using session-by-session measurement to compare mechanisms of action for acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy 2012, 43(2):341-354. 10.1016/j.beth.2011.07.004.
44. Forman E.M., Herbert J.D., Moitra E., Yeomans P.D., Geller P.A. A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior Modification 2007, 31(6):772-799. 10.1177/0145445507302202.
45. Forman E.M., Shaw J.A., Goetter E.M., Herbert J.D., Park J.A., Yuen E.K. Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial comparing acceptance and commitment therapy and standard cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior Therapy 2012, 10.1016/j.beth.2012.04.004.
46. Franklin M.E., Best S.H., Wilson M.A., Loew B., Compton S.N. Habit reversal training and acceptance and commitment therapy for Tourette syndrome: a pilot project. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 2011, 23(1):49-60. 10.1007/s10882-010-9221-1.
47. Fulton J.J., Lavender J.M., Tull M.T., Klein A.S., Muehlenkamp J.J., Gratz K.L. The relationship between anxiety sensitivity and disordered eating: the mediating role of experiential avoidance. Eating Behaviors 2012, 13(2):166-169. 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.12.003.
48. Gibbs L.E. Evidence-based practice for the helping professions: a practical guide with integrated multimedia 2003, Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning, Princeton, NJ.
49. Glick D.M., Orsillo S.M. Relationships among social anxiety, self-focused attention, and experiential distress and avoidance. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies 2011, 11(1):1-12.
50. Gloster A.T., Klotsche J., Chaker S., Hummel K.V., Hoyer J. Assessing psychological flexibility: what does it add above and beyond existing constructs?. Psychological Assessment 2011, 23(4):970-982. 10.1037/a0024135.
51. Gold S.D., Dickstein B.D., Marx B.P., Lexington J.M. Psychological outcomes among lesbian sexual assault survivors: an examination of the roles of internalized homophobia and experiential avoidance. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2009, 33(1):54-66. 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.01474.x.
52. Gold S.D., Marx B.P., Lexington J.M. Gay male sexual assault survivors: the relations among internalized homophobia, experiential avoidance, and psychological symptom severity. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2007, 45(3):549-562. 10.1016/j.brat.2006.05.006.
53. Hayes L., Boyd C.P., Sewell J. Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of adolescent depression: a pilot study in a psychiatric outpatient setting. Mindfulness 2011, 2(2):86-94. 10.1007/s12671-011-0046-5.
54. Hayes S.A., Orsillo S.M., Roemer L. Changes in proposed mechanisms of action during an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2010, 48(3):238-245. 10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.006.
55. Hayes S.C. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior Therapy 2004, 35(4):639-665.
56. Hayes S.C., Luoma J.B., Bond F.W., Masuda A., Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006, 44(1):1-25.
57. Hayes S.C., Strosahl K., Wilson K.G., Bissett R.T., Pistorello J., Toarmino D., et al. Measuring experiential avoidance: a preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record 2004, 54(4):553-578.
58. Hayes S.C., Strosahl K.D., Wilson K.G. Acceptance and commitment therapy: the process and practice of mindful change 2012, Guilford Press, New York, NY. 2nd ed.
59. Hayes S.C., Villatte M., Levin M., Hildebrandt M. Open, aware, and active: contextual approaches as an emerging trend in the behavioral and cognitive therapies. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2011, 7:141-168. 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104449.
60. Hofmann S.G., Smits J.A.J. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2008, 69(4):621-632.
61. Kämpfe C.K., Gloster A.T., Wittchen H.-U., Helbig-Lang S., Lang T., Gerlach A.L., et al. Experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia: do both constructs measure the same?. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology 2012, 12(1):5-22.
62. Kashdan T.B., Barrios V., Forsyth J.P., Steger M.F. Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006, 44(9):1301-1320. 10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.003.
63. Kashdan T.B., Breen W.E., Afram A., Terhar D. Experiential avoidance in idiographic, autobiographical memories: construct validity and links to social anxiety, depressive, and anger symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2010, 24(5):528-534. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.03.010.
64. Kashdan T.B., Kane J.Q. Post-traumatic distress and the presence of post-traumatic growth and meaning in life: experiential avoidance as a moderator. Personality and Individual Differences 2011, 50(1):84-89. 10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.028.
65. Kelly M.M., Forsyth J.P. Associations between emotional avoidance, anxiety sensitivity, and reactions to an observational fear challenge procedure. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2009, 47(4):331-338. 10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.008.
66. Kessler R.C., Petukhova M., Sampson N.A., Zaslavsky A.M., Wittchen H.-U. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 2012, 21(3):169-184. 10.1002/mpr.1359.
67. Kocovski N.L., Fleming J.E., Rector N.A. Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy for social anxiety disorder: an open trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2009, 16(3):276-289. 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.12.004.
68. Langer Á.I., Cangas A.J., Pérez-Moreno P.J., Carmona J.A., Gallego J. Relation between experiential avoidance, hallucination-like experiences and clinical symptoms, in a non-clinical Spanish sample. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies 2010, 10(2):161-171.
69. Lappalainen R., Lehtonen T., Skarp E., Taubert E., Ojanen M., Hayes S.C. The impact of CBT and ACT models using psychology trainee therapists: a preliminary controlled effectiveness trial. Behavior Modification 2007, 31(4):488-511. 10.1177/0145445506298436.
70. Lee J.K., Orsillo S.M., Roemer L., Allen L.B. Distress and avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: exploring the relationships with intolerance of uncertainty and worry. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 2010, 39(2):126-136. 10.1080/16506070902966918.
71. Levin M.E., Hildebrandt M.J., Lillis J., Hayes S.C. The impact of treatment components suggested by the psychological flexibility model: a meta-analysis of laboratory-based component studies. Behavior Therapy 2012, 43(4):741-756. 10.1016/j.beth.2012.05.003.
72. Levin M.E., Lillis J., Hayes S.C. When is online pornography viewing problematic among college males? Examining the moderating role of experiential avoidance. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 2012, 19(3):168-180.
73. Levitt J.T., Brown T.A., Orsillo S.M., Barlow D.H. The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy 2004, 35(4):747-766. 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80018-2.
74. López F.J.C. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in panic disorder with agoraphobia: a case study. Psychology in Spain 2000, 4(1):120-128.
75. Maack D.J., Tull M.T., Gratz K.L. Experiential avoidance mediates the association between behavioral inhibition and posttraumatic stress disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2012, 36(4):407-416. 10.1007/s10608-011-9362-2.
76. Mahaffey B.L., Wheaton M.G., Fabricant L.E., Berman N.C., Abramowitz J.S. The contribution of experiential avoidance and social cognitions in the prediction of social anxiety. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 2013, 41(1):52-65. 10.1017/S1352465812000367.
77. Manos R.C., Cahill S.P., Wetterneck C.T., Conelea C.A., Ross A.R., Riemann B.C. The impact of experiential avoidance and obsessive beliefs on obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a severe clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2010, 24(7):700-708. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.05.001.
78. Marcks B.A., Woods D.W. A comparison of thought suppression to an acceptance-based technique in the management of personal intrusive thoughts: a controlled evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2005, 43(4):433-445. 10.1016/j.brat.2004.03.005.
79. Marcks B.A., Woods D.W. Role of thought-related beliefs and coping strategies in the escalation of intrusive thoughts: an analog to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2007, 45(11):2640-2651. 10.1016/j.brat.2007.06.012.
80. Márquez-González M., Losada A., Fernández-Fernández V., Pachana N.A. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. International Psychogeriatrics 2012, 24(1):137-144. 10.1017/S1041610211001505.
81. Marx B.P., Sloan D.M. Peritraumatic dissociation and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2005, 43(5):569-583. 10.1016/j.brat.2004.04.004.
82. Masuda A., Tully E.C. The role of mindfulness and psychological flexibility in somatization, depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress in a nonclinical college sample. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2012, 17(1):66-71. 10.1177/2156587211423400.
83. Meuret A.E., Twohig M.P., Rosenfield D., Hayes S.C., Craske M.G. Brief acceptance and commitment therapy and exposure for panic disorder: a pilot study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2012, 10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.05.004.
84. Morina N., Stangier U., Risch A.K. Experiential avoidance in civilian war survivors with current versus recovered posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study. Behaviour Change 2008, 25(01):15-22. 10.1375/bech.25.1.15.
85. Norton P.J., Price E.C. A meta-analytic review of adult cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2007, 195(6):521-531. 10.1097/01.nmd.0000253843.70149.9a.
86. Orcutt H.K., Pickett S.M., Pope E.B. Experiential avoidance and forgiveness as mediators in the relation between traumatic interpersonal events and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2005, 24(7):1003-1029. 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.7.1003.
87. Orsillo S.M., Batten S.V. Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Modification 2005, 29(1):95-129. 10.1177/0145445504270876.
88. Ossman W.A., Wilson K.G., Storaasli R.D., McNeill J.W. A preliminary investigation of the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in a group treatment for social phobia. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 2006, 6(3):397-416.
89. Öst L.-G. Efficacy of the third wave of behavioral therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2008, 46(3):296-321. 10.1016/j.brat.2007.12.005.
90. Palm K.M., Follette V.M. The roles of cognitive flexibility and experiential avoidance in explaining psychological distress in survivors of interpersonal victimization. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2011, 33(1):79-86. 10.1007/s10862-010-9201-x.
91. Pickett S.M., Bardeen J.R., Orcutt H.K. Experiential avoidance as a moderator of the relationship between behavioral inhibition system sensitivity and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2011, 25(8):1038-1045. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.06.013.
92. Plumb J.C., Orsillo S.M., Luterek J.A. A preliminary test of the role of experiential avoidance in post-event functioning. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2004, 35(3):245-257. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.04.011.
93. Powers M.B., Zum Vörde Sive Vörding M.B., Emmelkamp P.M.G. Acceptance and commitment therapy: a meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2009, 78(2):73-80. 10.1159/000190790.
94. Roemer L., Orsillo S.M. An open trial of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy 2007, 38(1):72-85. 10.1016/j.beth.2006.04.004.
95. Roemer L., Orsillo S.M., Salters-Pedneault K. Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2008, 76(6):1083-1089. 10.1037/a0012720.
96. Roemer L., Salters K., Raffa S.D., Orsillo S.M. Fear and avoidance of internal experiences in GAD: preliminary tests of a conceptual model. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2005, 29(1):71-88. 10.1007/s10608-005-1650-2.
97. Ruiz F.J. A review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 2010, 10(1):125-162.
98. Santanello A.W., Gardner F.L. The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2007, 31(3):319-332. 10.1007/s10608-006-9000-6.
99. Sharp K. A review of acceptance and commitment therapy with anxiety disorders. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 2012, 12(3):359-372.
100. Strosahl K.D., Hayes S.C., Bergan J., Romano P. Assessing the field effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: an example of the manipulated training research method. Behavior Therapy 1998, 29(1):35-64. 10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80017-8.
101. Thompson B.L., Waltz J. Mindfulness and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder avoidance symptom severity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2010, 24(4):409-415. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.005.
102. Tolin D.F. Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review 2010, 30(6):710-720. 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.003.
103. Tull M.T., Gratz K.L., Salters K., Roemer L. The role of experiential avoidance in posttraumatic stress symptoms and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2004, 192(11):754-761. 10.1097/01.nmd.0000144694.30121.89.
104. Tull M.T., Jakupcak M., Paulson A., Gratz K.L. The role of emotional inexpressivity and experiential avoidance in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and aggressive behavior among men exposed to interpersonal violence. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 2007, 20(4):337-351. 10.1080/10615800701379249.
105. Tull M.T., Roemer L. Alternative explanations of emotional numbing of posttraumatic stress disorder: an examination of hyperarousal and experiential avoidance. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2003, 25(3):147-154. 10.1023/A:1023568822462.
106. Twohig M.P. Acceptance and commitment therapy for treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: a case study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2009, 16(3):243-252. 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.10.002.
107. Twohig M.P., Crosby J.M. Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for problematic internet pornography viewing. Behavior Therapy 2010, 41(3):285-295. 10.1016/j.beth.2009.06.002.
108. Twohig M.P., Hayes S.C., Masuda A. A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for chronic skin picking. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006, 44(10):1513-1522. 10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.002.
109. Twohig M.P., Hayes S.C., Masuda A. Increasing willingness to experience obsessions: acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavior Therapy 2006, 37(1):3-13. 10.1016/j.beth.2005.02.001.
110. Twohig M.P., Hayes S.C., Plumb J.C., Pruitt L.D., Collins A.B., Hazlett-Stevens H., et al. A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2010, 78(5):705-716. 10.1037/a0020508.
111. Twohig M.P., Whittal M.L., Cox J.M., Gunter R. An initial investigation into the processes of change in ACT, CT, and ERP for OCD. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy 2010, 6(1):67-83.
112. Twohig M.P., Woidneck M.R., Crosby J.M. Newer generations of CBT for anxiety disorders. CBT for anxiety disorders 2013, 225-250. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Oxford, UK. G. Simos, S.G. Hofmann (Eds.).
113. Twohig M.P., Woods D.W. A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy and habit reversal as a treatment for trichotillomania. Behavior Therapy 2004, 35(4):803-820. 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80021-2.
114. Vøllestad J., Nielsen M.B., Nielsen G.H. Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2012, 51(3):239-260. 10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02024.x.
115. Wagener A., Zettle R. Targeting fear of spiders with control-, acceptance-, and information-based approaches. The Psychological Record 2011, 61(1).
116. Wetherell J.L., Stoddard J.A., White K.S., Kornblith S., Nguyen H., Andreescu C., et al. Augmenting antidepressant medication with modular CBT for geriatric generalized anxiety disorder: a pilot study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2011, 26(8):869-875. 10.1002/gps.2619.
117. Wetterneck C.T., Burgess A.J., Short M.B., Smith A.H., Cervantes M.E. The role of sexual compulsivity, impulsivity, and experiential avoidance in Internet pornography use. The Psychological Record 2012, 62(1):3-18.
118. Wheaton M.G., Fabricant L.E., Berman N.C., Abramowitz J.S. Experiential avoidance in individuals with hoarding disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2013, 37(4):779-785. 10.1007/s10608-012-9511-2.
119. Woidneck M.R., Morrison K.L., Twohig M.P. Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress among adolescents. Behavior Modification 2013, 10.1177/0145445513510527.
120. Wolitzky-Taylor K.B., Arch J.J., Rosenfield D., Craske M.G. Moderators and non-specific predictors of treatment outcome for anxiety disorders: a comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy to acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2012, 80(5):786-799. 10.1037/a0029418.
121. Woods D.W., Wetterneck C.T., Flessner C.A. A controlled evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy plus habit reversal for trichotillomania. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006, 44(5):639-656. 10.1016/j.brat.2005.05.006.
122. Yuen E.K., Herbert J.D., Forman E.M., Goetter E.M., Comer R., Bradley J.-C. Treatment of social anxiety disorder using online virtual environments in Second Life. Behavior Therapy 2013, 44(1):51-61. 10.1016/j.beth.2012.06.001.
123. Yuen E.K., Herbert J.D., Forman E.M., Goetter E.M., Juarascio A.S., Rabin S., et al. Acceptance based behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder through videoconferencing. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2013, 27(4):389-397. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.03.002.
124. Zettle R.D. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) vs. systematic desensitization in treatment of mathematics anxiety. The Psychological Record 2003, 53(2):197-215.