The mediating role of stigmatization in the mental health of adolescent victims of sexual violence in Eastern Congo

Child Abuse and Neglect

Volumn 38, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 1139-1146

  Verelst, A ^a   De Schryver, M ^a   De Haene, L ^b   Broekaert, E ^a   Derluyn, I ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; Post conflict; Sexual violence; Stigma

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CONGO; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; RAPE; SELF REPORT; SEXUAL ASSAULT; SEXUAL VIOLENCE; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIAL ASPECTS AND RELATED PHENOMENA; SOCIAL ATTITUDE; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL STATUS; STIGMATIZATION; VICTIM; WAR; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CONGO; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; MULTICENTER STUDY; PSYCHOLOGY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; STEREOTYPING; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; RAPE; SELF REPORT; STEREOTYPING; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; WAR; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84904468727     PISSN: 01452134     EISSN: 18737757     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.04.003     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Baron R.M., Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986, 51:1173-1182.
2. Bartels S., Van Rooyen M., Leaning J., Scott J., Kelly J. "Now, the world is without me:" An investigation of sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 2010, April, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative and Oxfam International, Accessed 20.07.10. http://www.iansa-women.org/sites/default/files/newsviews/HHI-Oxfam%20DRC%20GBV%20report.pdf.
3. Bean T., Derluyn I., Eurelings-Bontekoe E., Broekaert E., Spinhoven P. Validation of the multiple language versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-37 for refugee adolescents. Adolescence 2007, 42:51-71.
4. Betancourt T., Agnew-Blais J., Gilman S.E., Williams D.R., Ellis B.H. Past horrors, present struggles: The role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Social Science & Medicine 2010, 70:17-26.
5. Campbell R., Ahrens C.E., Sefl T., Wasco S.M., Barnes H.E. Social reactions to rape victims: Healing and hurtful effects on psychological and physical health outcomes. Violence and Victims 2001, 16:287-302.
6. Derluyn I., Vindevogel S., De Haene L. Toward a relational understanding of reintegration and rehabilitation processes of former child soldiers, Journal of Aggression. Maltreatment and Trauma 2013, 22:869-886.
7. Dolan C. War is Not Over Yet: Community Perceptions of Sexual Violence and its Underpinnings in Eastern DRC 2010, International Alert, http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/publications/1011WarIsNotYetOverEng.pdf Accessed 22.01.11.
8. Duroch F., McRae M., Grais R.F. Description and consequences of sexual violence in Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo. BMC International Health and Human Rights 2011, 11(5). 10.1186/1472-698X-11-5.
9. Filipas H.H., Ullman S.E. Social reactions to sexual assault victims from various support sources. Violence and Victims 2001, 16:392-673.
10. Human Rights Watch Ethnically targeted violence in northern DRC 2003, Human Rights Watch Publications, New York.
11. International Rescue Committee Survey Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo, an ongoing crisis 2008, International Rescue Committee Survey, http://www.theirc.org/resources/2007/2006-7_congomortalitysurvey.pdf (accessed 20.03.10).
12. Johnson K., Asher J., Rosborough S., Raja A., Panjabi R., Beadling C., Lawry L. Association of combatant status and sexual violence with health and mental health outcomes in postconflict Liberia. The Journal of the American Medical Association 2008, 300:676-690.
13. Johnson K., Scott J., Rughita B., Kisielewski M., Asher J., Ong R., Lawry L. Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Journal of the American Medical Association 2010, 204:553-562.
14. Kalisya L.M., Justin P.L., Kimona C., Nyanvandu K., Eugenie K.M., Jonathan K.M.L., Claude K.M., Hawkes M. Sexual violence toward children and youth in war-torn eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS Medicine 2011, 6:e15911. 10.1371/journal.pone.0015911.
15. Kelly J., Kabanga J., Cragin W., Alcayna-Stevens L., Haider S., VanRooyen M.J. "If your husband doesn't humiliate you, other people won't:" Gendered attitudes towards sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Global Public Health 2012, 7:285-298.
16. Kelly J., VanRooyen M., Kabanga J., Maclin B., Mullin C. Hope for the future again. Tracing the effects of sexual violence and conflict on families and communities in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo 2010, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Accessed 20.07.10. http://hhi.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/publications/publications%20-%20women%20-%20hope.pdf.
17. Maedl A. Rape as weapon of war in the eastern DRC? The victims' perspective. Human Rights Quarterly 2011, 33:128-147.
18. Médecins sans frontières Nothing new in Ituri: The violence continues 2005, August, Médecins sans frontières, Accessed 18.01.10. http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2005/ituri_violence_2005report.pdf.
19. Mels C., Derluyn I., Broekaert E., Rosseel Y. Traumatic exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms in adolescents in the war-affected eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2009, 163:525-530.
20. Mels C., Derluyn I., Broekaert E., Rosseel Y. Community-based cross-cultural adaptation of mental health measures in emergency settings: Validating the IES-R and HSCL-37A in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 2009, 45:899-910.
21. Peterman A., Palermo T., Bredenkamp C. Estimates and determinants of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. American Journal of Public Health 2011, 101:1060-1067.
22. R Development Core Team R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing 2012, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/.
23. Rees S., Silove D., Chey T., Ivancic L., Steel Z., Creamer M., Teesson M., Bryant R., McFarlane A.C., Mills K.L., Slade T., Carragher N., O'Donnell M., Forbes D. Lifetime prevalence of gender-based violence in women and the relationship with mental disorders and psychosocial function. The Journal of the American Medical Association 2011, 306:513-521.
24. Resick P.A. Psychological impact of rape. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1993, 8:223-255.
25. Rosseel Y. Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software 2012, 48:1-36.
26. Steiner B., Benner M.T., Sondorp E., Schmitz K.P., Mesmer U., Rosenberger S. Sexual violence in the protracted conflict of DRC programming for rape survivors in South Kivu. Conflict & Health 2009, 3. 10.1186/1752-1505-3-3.
27. Ullman S.E., Filipas H.H. Predictors of PTSD symptom severity and social reactions in sexual assault victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2001, 14:369-389.
28. Wakabi W. Sexual violence increasing in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Lancet 2008, 371:15-16.
29. Weiss D., Marmar C.R. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD 2004, 168-189. Guilford, New York. T. Keane (Ed.).
30. Williams D.R., Yan Yu J.S., Anderson N.B. Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology 1997, 2:335-351.