The house that Yanukovych built

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 19-34

  Kudelia, Serhiy ^a  

^a BAYLOR UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904388506     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: 10863214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2014.0039     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. An aligning election is one whose result displays continuity in the choices of the same group of voters compared to the previous election and reflects their solidifying loyalty to a particular candidate or party. See Timothy Colton, "An Aligning Election and the Ukrainian Political Community, " East European Politics and Societies 25 (February 2011): 4-27.
2. Larry Diamond, "Elections Without Democracy: Thinking About Hybrid Regimes, " Journal of Democracy 13 (April 2002): 21-35.
3. Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
4. In November 2011, only 3 percent of respondents in western Ukraine said that they were willing to vote for Yanukovych. The figure for the east was 21 percent. See http:// dt.ua/POLITICS/elektoralna_pidtrimka_yanukovicha_za_4_misyatsi_vpala_z_15_do_12. html.
5. Paul D'Anieri, "Structural Constraints in Ukrainian Politics, " East European Politics and Societies 25 (February 2011): 32.
6. Mark Beissinger, "Nationalism and the Collapse of Soviet Communism, " Contemporary European History 18 (August 2009): 338.
7. Mark Beissinger, "The Semblance of Democratic Revolution: Coalitions in Ukraine's Orange Revolution, " American Political Science Review 107 (August 2013): 8.
8. See http://ratinggroup.com.ua/upload/files/RG_Protesty_032012.pdf.
9. Graeme B. Robertson, "Managing Society: Protest, Civil Society, and Regime in Putin's Russia, " Slavic Review 68 (Fall 2009): 528-47.
10. See the OSCE election observers' report at www.osce.org/odihr/ elections/98578?download=true.
11. See www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2013/ukraine#.U0tv3eZdUS4.
12. According to the UN Demographic Yearbook and the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the country went from a total population of 46.6 million in 2007 to one of 45.6 million in 2012.
13. Milan W. Svolik, The Politics of Authoritarian Rule (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 54.
14. This is based on the procurement ranking compiled by Forbes. ua at http://forbes. ua/ratings/people.
15. "Opros: Prezidentskiy reiting Yanukovicha umen'shylsia pochti v dva raza" [Poll: Yanukovych's approval dropped almost by half], Korrespondent (Kyiv), 24 February 2011.
16. "Elektoralni namiry vybortsiv Ukrainy" [Electoral preferences of Ukrainian voters], 17 June 2013, available at www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=ukr&cat=reports&id=173&pa ge=1.
17. IFES, "Public Opinion in Ukraine 2013: Key Findings, December 2013, " available at www.ifes.org.
18. Piotr Shuklinov, "Shuvalov: Chuvstvuyu otvetstvennost za to, chto natvoril Yanukovich" [Shuvalov: Feel responsibility for Yanukovych's actions], Liga. net, 2 April 2014, available at http://news.liga.net/interview/politics/1155843-shuvalov_chuvstvuyu_otvetstvennost_ za_to_chto_natvoril_yanukovich.htm.
19. IFES, "Public Opinion in Ukraine 2013: Key Findings, December 2013, " available at www.ifes.org.
20. For a more detailed account of the opinion polls, see Maria Zolkina, "Euromaidan: Peredumovy masovoho protestu" [Euromaidan: Preconditions for mass protest], Hromadska Dumka [Public Opinion]: 21, no. 1 (2014).
21. Author's interview with Taras Stetskiv, Kyiv, 19 December 2013.
22. Henry Hale, "Formal Constitutions in Informal Politics: Institutions and Democratization in Post-Soviet Eurasia, " World Politics 63 (October 2011): 581-617.
23. As seen on Fareed Zakaria's CNN program GPS, 23 February 2004.
24. On the legal and constitutional issues surrounding Yanukovych's exit, see Daisy Sindelar, "Was Yanukovych's Ouster Constitutional?" Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 23 February 2014, available at www.rferl.org/content/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/ 25274346.html.
25. In early April 70 percent of the polled in Eastern and Southern Ukraine did not consider Yanukovych a legitimate president, available at http://zn.ua/UKRAINE/mneniyai-vzglyady-zhiteley-yugo-vostoka-ukrainy-aprel-2014-143598_.html.
26. By the end of April 90.3 percent of respondents across Ukraine were against Yanukovych's return to the presidency, including 81.8 percent in the East and 84.7 percent in the South, available at www. razumkov.org.ua/upload/1399382915_file.doc.
27. Vladimir Gel'man, "The Dynamics of Sub-National Authoritarianism: Russia in Comparative Perspective, " Russian Politics and Law 48 (March-April 2010): 7-26.