Chilling and heat requirements for flowering in temperate fruit trees

International Journal of Biometeorology

Volumn 58, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 1195-1206

  Guo, Liang ^a,b   Dai, Junhu ^c   Ranjitkar, Sailesh ^d   Yu, Haiying ^d   Xu, Jianchu ^a,d   Luedeling, Eike ^d  

^a KUNMING INSTITUTE OF BOTANY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^c INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHIC SCIENCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH   (China)

^d WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE ICRAF   (Kenya)

Author keywords

Chilling requirement; Climate change; Flowering; Fruit trees; Heat requirement; Partial least squares regression

Indexed keywords

CHINA; CLIMATE CHANGE; COLD; FAGACEAE; FLOWER; FRUIT; HEAT; PHYSIOLOGY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TREE; ZIZIPHUS;

CHINA; CLIMATE CHANGE; COLD TEMPERATURE; FAGACEAE; FLOWERS; FRUIT; HOT TEMPERATURE; LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS; TREES; ZIZIPHUS;

EID: 84904269237     PISSN: 00207128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-013-0714-3     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Afshari H, Tajabadipour A, Hossein H, Mohamadi moghadam M (2009) Determining the chilling requirements of four Pistachio cultivars in Semnan province (Iran). Afr J Agric Res 4: 55-59.
2. Alburquerque N, García-Montiel F, Carrillo A, Burgos L (2008) Chilling and heat requirements of sweet cherry cultivars and the relationship between altitude and the probability of satisfying the chill requirements. Environ Exp Bot 64: 162-170.
3. Almorox J, Hontoria C, Benito M (2005) Statistical validation of daylength definitions for estimation of global solar radiation in Toledo, Spain. Energy Convers Manag 46: 1465-1471.
4. Alonso JM, Ansón JM, Espiau MT, Company RSI (2005) Determination of endodormancy break in almond flower buds by a correlation model using the average temperature of different day intervals and its application to the estimation of chill and heat requirements and blooming date. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 130: 308-318.
5. Anderson JL, Richardson EA, Kesner CD (1986) Validation of chill unit and flower bud phenology models for "Montmorency" sour cherry. Acta Hortic 184: 71-78.
6. Aslamarz AA, Vahdati K, Rahemi M, Hassani D (2009) Estimation of chilling and heat requirements of some Persian walnut cultivars and genotypes. HortScience 44: 697-701.
7. Baldocchi D, Wong S (2008) Accumulated winter chill is decreasing in the fruit growing regions of California. Clim Chang 87: 153-166.
8. Campoy JA, Ruiz D, Cook N, Allderman L, Egea J (2011a) High temperatures and time to budbreak in low chill apricot "Palsteyn". Towards a better understanding of chill and heat requirements fulfilment. Sci Hortic 129: 649-655.
9. Campoy JA, Ruiz D, Egea J (2011b) Dormancy in temperate fruit trees in a global warming context: a review. Sci Hortic 130: 357-372.
10. Campoy JA, Ruiz D, Allderman L, Cook N, Egea J (2012) The fulfilment of chilling requirements and the adaptation of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) in warm winter climates: an approach in Murcia (Spain) and the Western Cape (South Africa). Eur J Agron 37: 43-55.
11. Cannell MGR, Smith RI (1983) Thermal time, chill days and prediction of budburst in Picea sitchensis. J Appl Ecol 20: 951-963.
12. Cesaraccio C, Spano D, Snyder RL, Duce P (2004) Chilling and forcing model to predict bud-burst of crop and forest species. Agric For Meteorol 126: 1-13.
13. Chmielewski F-M, Rötzer T (2001) Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe. Agric For Meteorol 108: 101-112.
14. Chmielewski F-M, Müller A, Bruns E (2004) Climate changes and trends in phenology of fruit trees and field crops in Germany, 1961-2000. Agric For Meteorol 121: 69-78.
15. Chmielewski F-M, Blümel K, Henniges Y, Blanke M, Weber RWS, Zoth M (2011) Phenological models for the beginning of apple blossom in Germany. Meteorol Z 20: 487-496.
16. Citadin I, Raseira MCB, Herter FG, Baptista da Silva J (2001) Heat requirement for blooming and leafing in peach. HortScience 36: 305-307.
17. Couvillon GA, Erez A (1985) Influence of prolonged exposure to chilling temperatures on bud break and heat requirement for bloom of several fruit species. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 110: 47-50.
18. Darbyshire R, Webb L, Goodwin I, Barlow S (2011) Winter chilling trends for deciduous fruit trees in Australia. Agric For Meteorol 151: 1074-1085.
19. Darbyshire R, Webb L, Goodwin I, Barlow EWR (2013a) Evaluation of recent trends in Australian pome fruit spring phenology. Int J Biometeorol 57: 409-421.
20. Darbyshire R, Webb L, Goodwin I, Barlow EWR (2013b) Impact of future warming on winter chilling in Australia. Int J Biometeorol 57: 355-366.
21. Dennis FG (2003) Problems in standardizing methods for evaluating the chilling requirements for the breaking of dormancy in buds of woody plants. HortScience 38: 347-350.
22. Egea J, Ortega E, Martinez-Gomez P, Dicenta F (2003) Chilling and heat requirements of almond cultivars for flowering. Environ Exp Bot 50: 79-85.
23. Elloumi O, Ghrab M, Kessentini H, Ben Mimoun M (2013) Chilling accumulation effects on performance of pistachio trees cv. Mateur in dry and warm area climate. Sci Hortic 159: 80-87.
24. Farag AA, Khalil AA, Hassanei MK (2010) Chilling requirement for deciduous fruits under climate change in Egypt. Res J Agric Biol Sci 6: 815-822.
25. Fishman S, Erez A, Couvillon GA (1987a) The temperature dependence of dormancy breaking in plants: computer simulation of processes studied under controlled temperatures. J Theor Biol 126: 309-321.
26. Fishman S, Erez A, Couvillon GA (1987b) The temperature dependence of dormancy breaking in plants: mathematical analysis of a two-step model involving a cooperative transition. J Theor Biol 124: 473-483.
27. Fitter AH, Fitter RSR (2002) Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants. Science 296: 1689-1691.
28. Fuchigami LH, Nee C (1987) Degree growth stage model and rest-breaking mechanisms in temperate woody perennials. HortScience 22: 836-845.
29. Furrer R, Nychka D, Sain S (2012) Fields: tools for spatial data. R package version 6. 7. http://cran. r-project. org/web/packages/fields/.
30. Gao Z, Zhuang W, Wang L, Shao J, Luo X, Cai B, Zhang Z (2012) Evaluation of chilling and heat requirements in Japanese apricot with three models. HortScience 47: 1826-1831.
31. Grab S, Craparo A (2011) Advance of apple and pear tree full bloom dates in response to climate change in the southwestern Cape, South Africa: 1973-2009. Agric For Meteorol 151: 406-413.
32. Guédon Y, Legave JM (2008) Analyzing the time-course variation of apple and pear tree dates of flowering stages in the global warming context. Ecol Model 219: 189-199.
33. Guo L, Dai J, Ranjitkar S, Xu J, Luedeling E (2013) Response of chestnut phenology in China to climate variation and change. Agric For Meteorol 180: 164-172.
34. Hänninen H (1987) Effects of temperature on dormancy release in woody plants: implications of prevailing models. Silva Fenn 21: 279-299.
35. Hänninen H (1990) Modelling bud dormancy release in trees from cool and temperate regions. Acta For Fenn 213: 1-47.
36. Harrington CA, Gould PJ, St. Clair JB (2010) Modeling the effects of winter environment on dormancy release of Douglas-fir. For Ecol Manag 259: 798-808.
37. Hennessy K, Clayton-Greene K (1995) Greenhouse warming and vernalisation of high-chill fruit in Southern Australia. Clim Chang 30: 327-348.
38. Jones HG, Hillis RM, Gordon SL, Brennan RM (2013) An approach to the determination of winter chill requirements for different Ribes cultivars. Plant Biol 15: 18-27.
39. Kramer K (1994) Selecting a model to predict the onset of growth of Fagus sylvatica. J Appl Ecol 54: 172-181.
40. Lang GA, Early JD, Martin GC, Darnell RL (1987) Endo-, para-, and ecodormancy: physiological terminology and classification for dormancy research. HortScience 22: 371-377.
41. Legave JM, Clauzel G (2006) Long-term evolution of flowering time in apricot cultivars grown in southern France: which future impacts of global warming? Acta Horticult 717: 47-50.
42. Legave JM, Farrera I, Almeras T, Calleja M (2008) Selecting models of apple flowering time and understanding how global warming has had an impact on this trait. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 83: 76-84.
43. Legave J, Blanke M, Christen D, Giovannini D, Mathieu V, Oger R (2013) A comprehensive overview of the spatial and temporal variability of apple bud dormancy release and blooming phenology in Western Europe. Int J Biometeorol 57: 317-331.
44. Linvill DE (1989) Using maximum and minimum temperatures to determine chilling completion. Acta Horticult 254: 249-254.
45. Linvill DE (1990) Calculating chilling hours and chill units from daily maximum and minimum temperature observations. HortScience 25: 14-16.
46. Lu P, Yu Q, Liu J, Lee X (2006) Advance of tree-flowering dates in response to urban climate change. Agric For Meteorol 138: 120-131.
47. Luedeling E (2012) Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: a review. Sci Horticult 144: 218-229.
48. Luedeling E (2013) chillR: statistical methods for phenology analysis in temperate fruit trees. R package version 0. 54. http://cran. r-project. org/web/packages/chillR/.
49. Luedeling E, Brown PH (2011) A global analysis of the comparability of winter chill models for fruit and nut trees. Int J Biometeorol 55: 411-421.
50. Luedeling E, Gassner A (2012) Partial least squares regression for analyzing walnut phenology in California. Agric For Meteorol 158-159: 43-52.
51. Luedeling E, Gebauer J, Buerkert A (2009a) Climate change effects on winter chill for tree crops with chilling requirements on the Arabian Peninsula. Clim Chang 96: 219-237.
52. Luedeling E, Hale A, Zhang M, Bentley WJ, Dharmasri LC (2009b) Remote sensing of spider mite damage in California peach orchards. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 11: 244-255.
53. Luedeling E, Zhang M, Girvetz EH (2009c) Climatic changes lead to declining winter chill for fruit and nut trees in California during 1950-2099. PLoS ONE 4: e6166.
54. Luedeling E, Zhang M, Luedeling V, Girvetz EH (2009d) Sensitivity of winter chill models for fruit and nut trees to climatic changes expected in California's Central Valley. Agric Ecosyst Environ 133: 23-31.
55. Luedeling E, Zhang M, McGranahan G, Leslie C (2009e) Validation of winter chill models using historic records of walnut phenology. Agric For Meteorol 149: 1854-1864.
56. Luedeling E, Girvetz EH, Semenov MA, Brown PH (2011a) Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees. PLoS ONE 6: e20155.
57. Luedeling E, Kunz A, Blanke MM (2011b) More winter chill for fruit trees in warmer winters?-Mehr Chilling für Obstbäume in wärmeren Wintern? Erwerbs-Obstbau 53: 145-155.
58. Luedeling E, Kunz A, Blanke MM (2012) Identification of chilling and heat requirements of cherry trees-a statistical approach. Int J Biometeorol. doi: 10. 1007/s00484-012-0594-y.
59. Luedeling E, Guo L, Dai J, Leslie C, Blanke MM (2013) Differential responses of trees to temperature variation during the chilling and forcing phases. Agric For Meteorol 181: 33-42.
60. Meier UH, Graf H, Hack H, Hess M, Kennel W, Klose R, Mappes D, Seipp D, Stauss R, Streif J, van den Boom T (1994) Phänologische Entwick-lungsstadien des Kernobstes (Malus domestica Borkh. Und Pyrus communis L.), des Steinobstes (Prunus-Arten), der Johannisbeere (Ribes-Arten) und der Erdbeere (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Nachrichtenbl Dtsch Pflanzenschutzdienstes 46: 141-153.
61. Mevik B-H, Wehrens R, Liland K (2011) PLS: partial least squares and principal component regression. R package version 2. 3. 0. http://cran. r-project. org/web/packages/pls/.
62. Midgley SJE, Lötze E (2011) Climate change in the western cape of South Africa: trends, projections and implications for chill unit accumulation. Acta Hortic 903: 1127-1134.
63. Murray MB, Cannell MGR, Smith RI (1989) Date of budburst of fifteen tree species in Britain following climatic warming. J Appl Ecol 26: 693-700.
64. Naor A, Flaishman M, Stern R, Moshe A, Erez A (2003) Temperature effects on dormancy completion of vegetative buds in apple. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 128: 636-641.
65. R Development Core Team (2012) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0. http://www. r-project. org/.
66. Rahemi M, Pakkish Z (2009) Determination of chilling and heat requirements of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars. Agric Sci China 8: 803-807.
67. Ranjitkar S, Luedeling E, Shrestha KK, Guan K, Xu J (2013) Flowering phenology of tree rhododendron along an elevation gradient in two sites in the Eastern Himalayas. Int J Biometeorol 57: 225-240.
68. Rea R, Eccel E (2006) Phenological models for blooming of apple in a mountainous region. Int J Biometeorol 51: 1-16.
69. Richardson EA, Seeley SD, Walker DR (1974) A model for estimating the completion of rest for Redhaven and Elberta peach trees. HortScience 9: 331-332.
70. Rosenzweig C, Karoly D, Vicarelli M, Neofotis P, Wu Q, Casassa G, Menzel A, Root TL, Estrella N, Seguin B, Tryjanowski P, Liu C, Rawlins S, Imeson A (2008) Attributing physical and biological impacts to anthropogenic climate change. Nature 453: 353-357.
71. Ruiz D, Campoy JA, Egea J (2007) Chilling and heat requirements of apricot cultivars for flowering. Environ Exp Bot 61: 254-263.
72. Sparks D (1993) Chilling and heating model for pecan budbreak. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 118: 29-35.
73. Spencer JW (1971) Fourier series representation of the position of the sun. Search 2: 172.
74. Sunley RJ, Atkinson CJ, Jones HG (2006) Chill unit models and recent changes in the occurrence of winter chill and spring frost in the United Kingdom. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 81: 949-958.
75. Tao F, Yokozawa M, Xu Y, Hayashi Y, Zhang Z (2006) Climate changes and trends in phenology and yields of field crops in China, 1981-2000. Agric For Meteorol 138: 82-92.
76. Wan MW, Liu XZ (1979) Method of phenology observation of China. Science Press, Beijing, pp 1-22.
77. Weinberger JH (1950) Chilling requirements of peach varieties. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 56: 122-128.
78. Wold S (1995) PLS for multivariate linear modeling. In: van der Waterbeemd H (ed) Chemometric methods in molecular design: methods and principles in medicinal chemistry. Verlag-Chemie, Weinheim, pp 195-218.
79. Wold S, Sjöström M, Eriksson L (2001) PLS-regression: a basic tool of chemometrics. Chemom Intell Lab Syst 58: 109-130.
80. Wolfe DW, Schwartz MD, Lakso AN, Otsuki Y, Pool RM, Shaulis NJ (2005) Climate change and shifts in spring phenology of three horticultural woody perennials in northeastern USA. Int J Biometeorol 49: 303-309.
81. Wrege MS, Caramori PH, Herter FG, Steinmetz S, Reisser Júnior C, Matzenauer R, Braga HJ (2010) Impact of global warming on the accumulated chilling hours in the sourthern region of Brazil. Acta Hortic 872: 31-40.
82. Yu H, Luedeling E, Xu J (2010) Winter and spring warming result in delayed spring phenology on the Tibetan Plateau. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 22151-22156.
83. Yu H, Xu J, Okuto E, Luedeling E (2012) Seasonal response of grasslands to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau. PLoS ONE 7: e49230.
84. Zhang J, Taylor C (2011) The dynamic model provides the best description of the chill process on "Sirora" Pistachio trees in Australia. HortScience 46: 420-425.
85. Zhang X, Ge Q, Zheng J, Zhang F (2005) Responses of spring phenology to climate changes in Beijing in last 150 years. Chin J Agrometeorol 26: 263-267.