Basic mechanisms of signal enhancement in ns double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in a gas environment

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Volumn 29, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 1318-1338

  Tognoni, Elisabetta ^a   Cristoforetti, Gabriele ^a  

^a ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI OTTICA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRIC SPARKS; EXPERIMENTS;

DOUBLE-PULSE IRRADIATION; DOUBLE-PULSE LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPIES; GASEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; IRRADIATION GEOMETRIES; IRRADIATION MODES; LIQUID ENVIRONMENT; ORTHOGONAL GEOMETRY; SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT;

IRRADIATION;

EID: 84904216734     PISSN: 02679477     EISSN: 13645544     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/c4ja00033a     Document Type: Review

References (124)

1. E. H. Piepmeier H. V. Malmstadt Q-Switched Laser Energy Absorption in the Plume of an Aluminum Alloy Anal. Chem. 1969 41 700 707
2. J. González C. Liu J. Yoo X. Mao R. E. Russo Double-pulse laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005 60 27 31
3. M. Miclea C. C. Garcia I. Exius H. Lindner K. Niemax Emission spectroscopic monitoring of particle composition, size and transport in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2006 61 361 367
4. A. C. Forsman P. S. Banks M. D. Perry E. M. Campbell A. L. Dodell M. S. Armas Double-pulse machining as a technique for the enhancement of material removal rates in laser machining of metals J. Appl. Phys. 2005 98 033302
5. S. Witanachchi K. Ahmed P. Sakthivel P. Mukherjee Dual-laser ablation for particulate-free film growth Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995 66 1469 1471
6. G. Cristoforetti and V. Palleschi, Double-pulse laser ablation of solid targets in ambient gas: mechanisms and effects, in Laser ablation: effects and applications, ed., S. E. Black, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2011, ISBN 978-1-61122-466-5
7. J. Pender, B. Pearman, J. Scaffidi, S. R. Goode and S. M. Angel, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using sequential laser pulses, in Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: fundamentals and applications, ed., A.W. Miziolek, V. Palleschi, and, I. Schechter, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2006, ISBN-13 978-0-521-85274-6
8. R. Noll, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications, Springer, Berlin, 2012, ISBN 3-642-20667-0
9. L. J. Radziemski and D. A. Cremers, Handbook of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, John Wiley, New York, 2nd edn, 2013, ISBN 978-1-118567364
10. A. De Giacomo M. Dell'Aglio D. Bruno R. Gaudiuso O. De Pascale Experimental and theoretical comparison of single-pulse and double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy on metallic samples Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2008 63 805 816
11. V. I. Babushok F. C. De Lucia jr J. L. Gottfried C. A. Munson A. W. Miziolek Double pulse laser ablation and plasma: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy signal enhancement Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2006 61 999 1014
12. J. Scaffidi S. M. Angel D. A. Cremers Emission enhancement mechanisms in dual-pulse LIBS Anal. Chem. 2006 78 24 32
13. A. De Giacomo M. Dell'Aglio O. De Pascale M. Capitelli From single pulse to double pulse ns-Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy under water: Elemental analysis of aqueous solutions and submerged solid samples Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2007 62 721 738
14. D. W. Hahn N. Omenetto Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part II: Review of instrumental and methodological approaches to material analysis and applications to different fields Appl. Spectrosc. 2012 66 347 419
15. G. Cristoforetti M. Tiberi A. Simonelli P. Marsili F. Giammanco Toward the optimization of double-pulse LIBS underwater: effects of experimental parameters on the reproducibility and dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubble Appl. Opt. 2012 51 B30 B41
16. B. C. Windom P. K. Diwakar D. W. Hahn Dual-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for analysis of gaseous and aerosol systems: plasma-analyte interactions Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2006 61 788 796
17. N. Krstulović N. Čutić S. MiloŠević Cavity ringdown spectroscopy of collinear dual-pulse laser plasmas in vacuum Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2009 64 271 277
18. S. M. Pershin Physical mechanism of suppression of the emission of radiation by atmospheric gases in a plasma formed as a result of two-pulse irradiation of the surface Sov. J. Quant. Electron. 1989 19 1618 1619
19. J. Uebbing J. Brust W. Sdorra F. Leis K. Niemax Reheating of a laser-produced plasma by a second pulse laser Appl. Spectrosc. 1991 45 1419 1423
20. L. St-Onge M. Sabsabi P. Cielo Analysis of solids using laser-induced plasma spectroscopy in double-pulse mode Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 1998 53 407 415
21. D. N. Stratis K. L. Eland S. M. Angel Dual-pulse LIBS using a pre-ablation spark for enhanced ablation and emission Appl. Spectrosc. 2000 54 1270 1274
22. F. Colao V. Lazic R. Fantoni S. Pershin A comparison of single and double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of aluminum samples Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2002 57 1167 1179
23. R. Noll R. Sattmann V. Sturm S. J. Winkelmann Space- and time-resolved dynamics of plasmas generated by laser double pulses interacting with metallic samples J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2004 19 419 428
24. X. Mao X. Zeng S. B. Wen R. E. Russo Time-resolved plasma properties for double pulsed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of silicon Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005 60 960 967
25. Y. Iida Effect of atmosphere on laser vaporization and excitation processes of solid samples Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 1990 45 1353 1367
26. W. Sdorra K. Niemax Basic investigations for laser microanalysis: III. Application of different buffer gases for laser-produced sample plumes Mikrochim. Acta 1992 107 319 327
27. G. Cristoforetti G. Lorenzetti S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi Investigation on the role of air in the dynamical evolution and thermodynamic state of a laser-induced aluminium plasma by spatial- and time-resolved spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2010 65 787 796
28. A. De Giacomo M. Dell'Aglio R. Gaudiuso S. Amoruso O. De Pascale Effects of the background environment on formation, evolution and emission spectra of laser-induced plasmas Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2012 78 1 19
29. R. E. Russo X. L. Mao J. J. Gonzalez V. Zorba J. Yoo Laser Ablation in Analytical Chemistry Anal. Chem. 2013 85 6162 6177
30. S. Amoruso R. Bruzzese N. Spinelli R. Velotta Characterization of laser-ablation plasmas J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 1999 32 R131 R172
31. R. E. Russo X. L. Mao S. S. Mao The Physics of Laser Ablation in Microchemical Anal. Chem. 2002 74 70A 77A
32. G. Cristoforetti E. Tognoni L. A. Gizzi Thermodynamic equilibrium states in laser-induced plasmas: From the general case to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy plasmas Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2013 90 1 22
33. G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi E. Tognoni P. A. Benedetti Observation of different mass removal regimes during the laser ablation of an aluminium target in air J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2008 23 1518 1528 J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009 24 1684 1684
34. A. Bogaerts Z. Y. Chen Effect of laser parameters on laser ablation and laser-induced plasma formation: A numerical modeling investigation Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005 60 1280 1307
35. A. Bogaerts Z. Y. Chen D. Bleiner Laser ablation of copper in different background gases: comparative study by numerical modeling and experiments J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2006 21 384 395
36. A. E. Hussein P. K. Diwakar S. S. Harilal A. Hassanein The role of laser wavelength on plasma generation and expansion of ablation plumes in air J. Appl. Phys. 2013 113 143305
37. R. Rozman I. Grabec E. Govekar Influence of absorption mechanisms on laser-induced plasma plume Appl. Surf. Sci. 2008 254 3295 3305
38. H. Schittenhelm G. Callies A. Straub P. Berger H. Hugel Measurements of wavelength-dependent transmission in excimer laser-induced plasma plumes and their interpretation J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1998 31 418 427
39. D. Breitling H. Schittenhelm P. Berger F. Dausinger H. Hügel Shadowgraphic and interferometric investigations on Nd:YAG laser-induced vapor/plasma plumes for different processing wavelengths Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 1999 69 S505 S508
40. D. Marla U. V. Bhandarkar S. S. Joshi Critical assessment of the issues in the modeling of ablation and plasma expansion processes in the pulsed laser deposition of metals J. Appl. Phys. 2011 109 021101
41. Q. L. Ma V. Motto-Ros F. Laye J. Yu W. Q. Lei X. S. Bai L. J. Zheng H. P. Zeng Ultraviolet versus infrared: Effects of ablation laser wavelength on the expansion of laser-induced plasma into one-atmosphere argon gas J. Appl. Phys. 2012 111 053301
42. G. Cristoforetti G. Lorenzetti P. A. Benedetti E. Tognoni S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi Effect of laser parameters on plasma shielding in single and double pulse configurations during the ablation of an aluminium target J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2009 42 225207
43. R. G. Root, Modeling of post-breakdown phenomena, in Laser-induced Plasmas and Applications, ed., L. J. Radziemski, and, A. Cremers, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989
44. X. L. Mao R. E. Russo Observation of plasma shielding by measuring transmitted and reflected laser pulse temporal profiles Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 1997 64 1 6
45. B. Xu Q. Wang X. Zhang S. Zhao Y. Xia L. Mei X. Wang G. Wang Impulse Transfer to the Surface of Aluminum and Copper from a Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 1993 57 277 280
46. C. T. Walters R. H. Barnes R. E. Beverly III Initiation of laser supported detonation (LSD) waves J. Appl. Phys. 1978 49 2937 2949
47. N. Arnold J. Gruber J. Heitz Spherical expansion of the vapor plume into ambient gas: an analytical model Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 1999 69 S87 S93
48. Q. L. Ma V. Motto-Ros W. Q. Lei M. Boueri X. S. Bai L. J. Zheng H. P. Zeng J. Yu Temporal and spatial dynamics of laser-induced aluminum plasma in argon background at atmospheric pressure: Interplay with the ambient gas Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2010 65 896 907
49. J. A. Aguilera J. Bengoechea C. Aragon Spatial characterization of laser induced plasmas obtained in air and argon with different laser focusing distances Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2004 59 461 469
50. J. F. Y. Gravel D. Boudreau Study by focused shadowgraphy of the effect of laser irradiance on laser-induced plasma formation and ablation rate in various gases Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2009 64 56 66
51. D. Bleiner A. Bogaerts Multiplicity and contiguity of ablation mechanisms in laser-assisted analytical micro-sampling Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2006 61 421 432
52. W. Sdorra J. Brust K. Niemax Basic investigations for laser microanalysis: IV. The dependence on the laser wavelength in laser ablation Mikrochim. Acta 1992 108 1 10
53. C. Geertsen A. Briand F. Chartier J.-L. Lacour P. Mauchien S. Sjostrom Comparison between infrared and ultraviolet laser ablation at atmospheric pressure-Implications for Solid Sampling Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994 9 17 22
54. G. Cristoforetti Orthogonal double-pulse versus single-pulse laser ablation at different air pressures: comparison of the mass removal mechanisms Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2009 64 26 34 Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2009 64 928 928
55. C. V. Bindhu S. S. Harilal M. S. Tillack F. Najmabadi A. C. Gaeris Laser propagation and energy absorption by an argon spark J. Appl. Phys. 2003 94 7402 7407
56. D. Bleiner Z. Y. Chen D. Autrique A. Bogaerts Role of laser-induced melting and vaporization of metals during ICP-MS and LIBS analysis, investigated with computer simulations and experiments J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2006 21 910 921
57. G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi A. Salvetti E. Tognoni Effect of target composition on the emission enhancement observed in double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2008 63 312 323
58. J. A. Aguilera C. Aragón V. Madurga J. Manrique Study of matrix effects in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy on metallic samples using plasma characterization by emission spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2009 64 993 998
59. S. S. Harilal C. V. Bindhu M. S. Tillack F. Najmabadi A. C. Gaeris Internal structure and expansion dynamics of laser ablation plumes into ambient gases J. Appl. Phys. 2003 93 2380 2388
60. M. Capitelli A. Casavola G. Colonna A. De Giacomo Laser-induced plasma expansion: theoretical and experimental aspects Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2004 59 271 289
61. S. S. Harilal G. V. Miloshevsky P. K. Diwakar N. L. LaHaye A. Hassanein Experimental and computational study of complex shockwave dynamics in laser ablation plumes in argon atmosphere Phys. Plasmas 2012 19 083504
62. L. I. Sedov, Similitude et Dimensions en Mecanique, MIR, Moscow, 1977
63. Y. B. Zel'dovic and Y. P. Raizer, Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena, Academic Press, New York, 1966
64. A. Bogaerts Z. Y. Chen D. Autrique Double pulse laser ablation and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: A modeling investigation Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2008 63 746 754
65. M. Corsi G. Cristoforetti M. Hidalgo D. Iriarte S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi A. Salvetti E. Tognoni Temporal and Spatial Evolution of a Laser-Induced Plasma from a Steel Target Appl. Spectrosc. 2003 57 715 721
66. G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli L. Pardini V. Palleschi A. Salvetti E. Tognoni Spectroscopic and shadowgraphic analysis of laser induced plasmas in the orthogonal double pulse pre-ablation configuration Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2006 61 340 350
67. M. Corsi G. Cristoforetti M. Giuffrida M. Hidalgo S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi A. Salvetti E. Tognoni C. Vallebona Authors' reply to Wen et al.'s comment Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005 60 872 875
68. V. V. Podlubnyi A. S. Fonarev Reflection of a spherical blast wave from a planar surface Fluid Dynamics 1974 9 921 926
69. Z. Jiang K. Takayama K. P. B. Moosad O. Onodera M. Sun Numerical and experimental study of a micro-blast wave generated by pulsed-laser beam focusing Shock Waves 1998 8 337 349
70. M. De Rosa F. Famà V. Palleschi D. P. Singh M. Vaselli Derivation of the critical angle for Mach reflection for strong shock waves Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 1992 45 6130 6132
71. S. Palanco L. M. Cabalin D. Romero J. J. Laserna Infrared laser ablation and atomic emission spectrometry of stainless steel at high temperatures J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1999 14 1883 1887
72. S. H. Tavassoli M. Khalaji Laser ablation of preheated copper samples J. Appl. Phys. 2008 103 083118
73. S. H. Tavassoli A. Gragossian Effect of sample temperature on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Opt. Laser Technol. 2009 41 481 485
74. R. Sanginés H. Sobral E. Alvarez-Zauco The effect of sample temperature on the emission line intensification mechanisms in orthogonal double-pulse Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2012 68 40 45
75. S. Eschlböck-Fuchs M. J. Haslinger A. Hinterreiter P. Kolmhofer N. Huber R. Rössler J. Heitz J. D. Pedarnig Influence of sample temperature on the expansion dynamics and the optical emission of laser-induced plasma Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2013 87 36 42
76. J. Register J. Scaffidi S. M. Angel Direct measurements of sample heating by a laser-induced air plasma in pre-ablation spark dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) Appl. Spectrosc. 2012 66 869 874
77. J.-I. Yun R. Klenze J.-I. Kim Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the on-line multielement analysis of highly radioactive glass melt. Part I: Characterization and Evaluation of the Method Appl. Spectrosc. 2002 56 437 448
78. R. Sanginés H. Sobral E. Alvarez-Zauco Emission enhancement in laser-produced plasmas on preheated targets Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 2012 108 867 873
79. G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi A. Salvetti E. Tognoni Influence of ambient gas pressure on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique in the parallel double-pulse configuration Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2004 59 1907 1917
80. N. Krstulovic S. Milosevic Drilling enhancement by nanosecond-nanosecond collinear dual-pulse laser ablation of titanium in vacuum Appl. Surf. Sci. 2010 256 4142 4148
81. F. Brygo A. Semerok R. Oltra J.-M. Weulersse S. Fomichev Laser heating and ablation at high repetition rate in thermal confinement regime Appl. Surf. Sci. 2006 252 8314 8318
82. S. M. Klimentov P. A. Pivovarov V. I. Konov D. Breitling F. Dausinger Laser microprocessing in a gas environment at a high repetition rate of ablative pulses Quantum Electron. 2004 34 537 540
83. R. Sattmann V. Sturm R. Noll Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of steel samples using multiple Q-switch Nd:YAG laser pulses J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1995 28 2181 2187
84. C. Gautier P. Fichet D. Menut J.-L. Lacour D. L'Hermite J. Dubessy Main parameters influencing the double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in the collinear beam geometry Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005 60 792 804
85. T. Čtvrtníčková L. M. Cabalín J. Laserna V. Kanický Comparison of double-pulse and single-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy techniques in the analysis of powdered samples of silicate raw materials for the brick-and-tile industry Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2008 63 42 50
86. V. Hohreiter D. W. Hahn Dual-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: Time-resolved transmission and spectral measurements Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005 60 968 974
87. M. A. Ismail G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli L. Pardini V. Palleschi A. Salvetti E. Tognoni M. A. Harith Comparison of detection limits, for two metallic matrices, of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in the single and double-pulse configurations Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006 385 316 325
88. G. Galbacs V. Budavari Z. Geretovszky Multi-pulse laser-induced plasma spectroscopy using a single laser source and a compact spectrometer J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2005 20 974 980
89. N. Jedlinszki G. Galbacs An evaluation of the analytical performance of collinear multi-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy Microchem. J. 2011 97 255 263
90. A.-M. Matiaske I. B. Gornushkin U. Panne Double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for analysis of molten glass Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012 402 2597 2606
91. M. Corsi G. Cristoforetti M. Giuffrida M. Hidalgo S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi A. Salvetti E. Tognoni C. Vallebona Three-dimensional analysis of laser induced plasmas in single and double pulse configuration Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2004 59 723 735
92. C. Gautier P. Fichet D. Menut J.-L. Lacour D. L'Hermite J. Dubessy Study of the double-pulse setup with an orthogonal beam geometry for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2004 59 975 986
93. F. Bredice F. O. Borges H. Sobral M. Villagran-Muniz H. O. Di Rocco G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi L. Pardini A. Salvetti E. Tognoni Evaluation of self-absorption of manganese emission lines in Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy measurements Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2006 61 1294 1303
94. F. Bredice F. O. Borges H. Sobral M. Villagran-Muniz H. O. Di Rocco G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi A. Salvetti E. Tognoni Measurement of Stark broadening of Mn I and Mn II spectral lines in plasmas used for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2007 62 1237 1245
95. L. Nagli M. Gaft I. Gornushkin Comparison of single and double-pulse excitation during the earliest stage of laser induced plasma Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006 400 3207 3216
96. R. Sanginés H. Sobral Time resolved study of the emission enhancement mechanisms in orthogonal double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2013 88 150 155
97. G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi A. Salvetti E. Tognoni Characterization of a collinear double pulse laser-induced plasma at several ambient gas pressures by spectrally- and time-resolved imaging Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 2005 80 559 568
98. V. Burakov N. Tarasenko M. Nedelko S. Isakov Time-resolved spectroscopy and imaging diagnostics of single pulse and collinear double pulse laser induced plasma from a glass sample Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2008 63 19 26
99. D. N. Stratis K. L. Eland S. M. Angel Enhancement of Aluminum, Titanium, and Iron in Glass Using Pre-ablation Spark Dual-Pulse LIBS Appl. Spectrosc. 2000 54 1719 1726
100. D. N. Stratis K. L. Eland S. M. Angel Effect of pulse delay time on a pre-ablation dual-pulse LIBS plasma Appl. Spectrosc. 2001 55 1297 1303
101. C. Gautier P. Fichet D. Menut J. L. Lacour D. L'Hermite J. Dubessy Quantification of the intensity enhancements for the double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in the orthogonal beam geometry Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005 60 265 276
102. V. Hohreiter J. E. Carranza D. W. Hahn Temporal analysis of laser-induced plasma properties as related to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2004 59 327 333
103. H. Lindner J. Koch K. Niemax Production of ultrafine particles by nanosecond laser sampling using orthogonal prepulse laser breakdown Anal. Chem. 2005 77 7528 7533
104. H. Lindner K. H. Loper D. W. Hahn K. Niemax The influence of laser-particle interaction in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2011 66 179 185
105. P. Yaroshchyk R. J. S. Morrison D. Body B. L. Chadwick Quantitative determination of wear metals in engine oils using LIBS: The use of paper substrates and a comparison between single- and double-pulse LIBS Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005 60 1482 1485
106. 2 laser pulse Opt. Express 2009 17 8856 8870
107. G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi E. Tognoni P. A. Benedetti Crater drilling enhancement obtained in parallel non-collinear double-pulse laser ablation Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 2010 98 219 225
108. R. H. Scott A. Strasheim Laser induced plasmas for analytical spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 1970 25 311 332
109. W. E. Maher R. B. Hall Experimental study of effects from two laser pulses J. Appl. Phys. 1976 47 2486 2493
110. L. St-Onge M. Sabsabi P. Cielo Analysis of solids using laser-induced plasma spectroscopy in double-pulse mode Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 1998 53 407 415
111. L. St-Onge V. Detalle M. Sabsabi Enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using the combination of fourth-harmonic and fundamental Nd:YAG laser pulses Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2002 57 121 135
112. P. A. Benedetti G. Cristoforetti S. Legnaioli V. Palleschi L. Pardini A. Salvetti E. Tognoni Effect of laser pulse energies in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in double-pulse configuration Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005 60 1392 1401
113. M. L. Petukh V. A. Rozantsev A. D. Shirokanov A. A. Yankovskii The spectral intensity of the plasma of single and double laser pulses J. Appl. Spectrosc. 2000 67 1097 1101
114. F. Colao S. Pershin V. Lazic R. Fantoni Investigation of the mechanisms involved in formation and decay of laser-produced plasmas Appl. Surf. Sci. 2002 197-198 207 212
115. 2 Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Iron Plasmas Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2009 64 961 967
116. C. Gautier P. Fichet D. Menut J. Dubessy Applications of the double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in the collinear beam geometry to the elemental analysis of different materials Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2006 61 210 219
117. M. Oba Y. Maruyama K. Akaoka M. Miyabe I. Wakaida Double-pulse LIBS of gadolinium oxide ablated by femto- and nano-second laser pulses Appl. Phys. A 2010 101 545 549
118. X. Mao A. A. Bol'shakov D. L. Perry O. Sorkhabi R. E. Russo Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry: Parameter influence on boron isotope measurements Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2011 66 604 609
119. L. B. Guo B. Y. Zhang X. N. He C. M. Li Y. S. Zhou T. Wu J. B. Park X. Y. Zeng Y. F. Lu Optimally enhanced optical emission in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy by combining spatial confinement and dual-pulse irradiation Opt. Express 2012 20 1436 1443
120. I. Choi X. Mao J. J. Gonzalez R. E. Russo Plasma property effects on spectral line broadening in double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 2013 110 785 792
121. S. Y. Chan N. H. Cheung Analysis of Solids by Laser Ablation and Resonance-Enhanced Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy Anal. Chem. 2000 72 2087 2092
122. W. L. Yip N. H. Cheung Analysis of aluminum alloys by resonance-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: How the beam profile of the ablation laser and the energy of the dye laser affect analytical performance Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2009 64 315 322
123. S. L. Lui N. H. Cheung Resonance-enhanced laser-induced plasma spectroscopy for sensitive elemental analysis: Elucidation of enhancement mechanisms Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002 81 5114 5116
124. C. Goueguel S. Laville F. Vidal M. Sabsabi M. Chaker Investigation of resonance-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for analysis of aluminium alloys J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2010 25 635 644