Benzene: Environmental Exposure

Encyclopedia of Environmental Health

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 286-292

  Alexopoulos, E C ^a   Bakeas, E B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

Author keywords

Aromatic hydrocarbons; Biomarkers; Carcinogenicity; Cigarette smoking; Environmental exposure; Environmental tobacco smoke; Human health; Indoor air quality; Motor vehicle emissions; Occupational exposure; Toluene; Urban air pollution

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904100403     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00430-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (22)

1. Bakeas E.B., Siskos P.A. Volatile hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Athens, Greece. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 2002, 9:234-240.
2. Ballesta P.P., Field R.A., Connolly R., Cao N., Caracena A.B., De Saeger E. Population exposure to benzene: One day cross-sections in six European cities. Atmospheric Environment 2006, 40(18):3355-3366.
3. Chatzis C., Alexopoulos E.C., Linos A. Indoor and outdoor personal exposure to benzene in Athens, Greece. Science of the Total Environment 2005, 349:72-80.
4. Dollarda G.J., Dumitreana P., Tellinga S., Dixonb J., Derwentc R.G. Observed trends in ambient concentrations of C2-C8 hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom over the period from 1993 to 2004. Atmospheric Environment 2007, 41:2559-2569.
5. Duarte-Davidson R., Courage C., Rushton L., Levy L. Benzene in the environment: An assessment of the potential risks to the health of the population. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001, 58:2-13.
6. Edwards R.D., Jourvelin J., Saarela K., Jantunen M. VOC concentrations measured in personal samples and residential indoor, outdoor and workplace micro-environments in EXPOLIS-Helsinki, Finland. Atmospheric Environment 2001, 35:4531-4543.
7. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2008) Latest Findings on National Air Quality. Status and Trends through 2006. USA EPA-454/R-07-007.
8. European Environment Agency (2007) Air pollution in Europe 1990-2004. EEA Report No 2/2007.
9. Mobile-source air toxics: A critical review of the literature on exposure and health effects. HEI Special Report 16 2007, HEI Air Toxics Review Panel, Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA.
10. Hinwood A.L., Berko H.N., Farrar D., Galbally I.E., Weeks I.A. Volatile organic compounds in selected micro-environments. Chemosphere 2006, 63:421-429.
11. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42. Supplement 7 1987, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France, (accessed August 2009). http://www.monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/suppl7/suppl7.pdf.
12. Kacew S., Lemaire I. Recent developments in benzene risk assessment. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health A 2000, 61(5-6):485-498.
13. Moschandreas D.J. The whence, wherefore and whither of the new scientific discipline of environmental inquiry: Exposure analysis. The 2002 Wesolowski lecture. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 2003, 13:247-255.
14. Nenad A., Garry B., Gopal S., Jacqueline P. Concentrations and trends of benzene in ambient air over New York State during 1990-2003. Atmospheric Environment 2005, 39(40):7894-7905.
15. Rufus D., Edwards J., Jurvelin K., Saarela M., Jantunen V.O.C. concentrations measured in personal samples and residential indoor, outdoor and workplace microenvironments in EXPOLIS-Helsinki. Finland Atmospheric Environment 2001, 35(27):4531-4543.
16. Schneider P., Gebefugi I., Richter K., et al. Indoor and outdoor BTX levels in German cities. Science of the Total Environment 2001, 21:41-51.
17. Snyder R. Overview of the toxicology of benzene. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health A 2000, 61:339-346.
18. U.K. National Air Quality Archive (2006) Air Quality Data and Statistics. (accessed August 2009). http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/data_and_statistics_home.php.
19. Wallace L. Environmental exposure to benzene. Environmental Health Perspectives 1996, 104:1129-1136.
20. Transport, Environment and Health 2000, World Health Organization, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 89.
21. Air Quality Guidelines for Europe 2000, World Health Organization, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 91. 2nd edn.
22. Yoon B.I., Hirabayashi Y., Kawasaki Y., et al. Mechanism of action of benzene toxicity: Cell cycle suppression in hemopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GM). Experimental Hematology 2001, 29(3):278-285.