Overview of the toxicology of benzene

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A

Volumn 61, Issue 5-6, 2000, Pages 339-346

  Snyder, Robert ^a  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZENE;

BONE MARROW DEPRESSION; CHROMOSOME DAMAGE; CONFERENCE PAPER; DNA DAMAGE; HEMATOPOIESIS; HUMAN; LEUKEMOGENESIS; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; METABOLISM; MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; BENZENE; BONE MARROW DISEASES; CARCINOGENS; DNA DAMAGE; HUMANS; LEUKEMIA; PANCYTOPENIA;

EID: 0033794323     PISSN: 15287394     EISSN: 10872620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00984100050166334     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Aksoy, M., and Erdem, S. 1978. Follow-up study on the mortality and the development of leukemia In 44 pancytopenic patients with chronic benzene exposure. Blood 52:285-292.
2. Aksoy, M., Dincol, K., Akgun, T., Erdem, S., and Dincol, G. 1971. Hematological effects of chronic benzene. Br. J. Ind. Med. 28:296-302.
3. Aksoy, M., Erdem, S., and Dincol, S. 1974. Leukemia in shoe workers chronically exposed to benzene. Blood 44:837-841.
4. 3H benzene. Biochem. Pharmacol. 26: 293-300.
5. Boersma, M. G., Balvers, W. G., Boeren, S., Vervoort, J., and Rietjens, I. M. 1994. NADPH-cytochrome reductase catalyzed redox cycling of 1,4-Benzoquinone; hampered at physiological conditions, initiated at increased pH values. Biochem. Pharmacol. 47:1949-1955.
6. Brunmark, A., and Cadenas, E. 1988. Reductive addition of glutathione to p-benzoquinone, 2-hydroxy-p-benzoquinone and p-benzoquinone epoxides. Effect of the hydroxy-and glutathionyl substituents on p-benzohydroquinone auto-oxidation. Chem. Biol. Interact. 68:273-298.
7. Chen, H., and Eastmond, D. A. 1995. Topoisomerase inhibition by phenolic metabolites: a potential mechanism f or benzene's clastogenic effects. Carcinogenesis 16:2301-2307.
8. 14C]-benzene in B6C3F1mice. Carcinogenesis 18:2421-2427.
9. Eastmond, D. A., Smith, M. T., and Irons, R. D. 1987. An interaction of benzene metabolites reproduces the myelotoxicity observed with benzene exposure. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 91:85-95.
10. Forni, A., and Moreo, L. 1967. Cytogenetic studies in a case of benzene leukemia. Eur. J. Cancer 3:251-255.
11. Forni, A., and Moreo, L. 1969. Cytogenetic studies in a case of benzene induced erythroleukemia. Eur. J. Cancer 5:459-461.
12. Forni, A., Pacifico, E., and Limonta, A. 1971. Chromosome studies in workers exposed to benzene or toluene or both. Arch. Environ. Health 22:373-378.
13. Gaido, K. W., and Weirda, D. 1984. In vitro effects of benzene metabolites on mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 76:45-55.
14. Gaido, K. W., and Weirda, D. 1985. Modulation of stromal cell function in DBA/2J and B6C3F1mice exposed to benzene or phenol. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 81:469-475.
15. Gaido, K. W., and Weirda, D. 1987. Suppression of bone marrow stromal cell function by benzene and hydroquinone i s ameliorated by indomethacin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 89:378-390.
16. Garnett, H. M., Cronkite, E. P., and Drew, R. T. 1983. Effect of in vivo exposure to benzene on the characteristics of bone marrow adherent cells. Leuk. Res. 7:803-810.
17. Golomb, H. M., Alimena, G., Rowley, J. D., Vardiman, J. W., Testa, J. R., and Sovic, C. 1982. Correlation of occupation and karyotype in adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Blood 60:404-411.
18. Greenburg, L., Mayers, M. R., Goldwater, L., and Smith, A. R. 1939. Benzene (benzol) poisoning in the rotogravure printing industry in New York City. J. Ind. Hyg. 21:395-420.
19. Guy, R. L., Hu, P., Witz, G., and Goldstein, B. D. 1991. Depression of iron uptake into erythrocytes in mice by treatment with the combined benzene metabolites p-benzoquinone, muconalde-hyde, and hydroquinone. J. Appl. Toxicol. 11:443-446.
20. Hamilton-Patterson, J. L., and Browning, E. 1944. Toxic effects in women exposed to industrial rubber solutions. Br. Med. J. 1:349-352.
21. Hazel, B. A., and Kalf, G. F. 1996. Induction of granulocytic differentiation in myeloblasts by hydro-quinone, a metabolite of benzene, involves the l eukotriene D4 receptor. Recept. Signal Transduct. 6:1-12.
22. Hazel, B. A., O'Connor, A., Nicolescu, R., and Kalf, G. F. 1995. Benzene and its metabolite, hydroquinone, induce granulocytic differentiation in myeloblasts by interacting with cellular signaling pathways activated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Stem Cells 13:295-310.
23. Hazel, B. A., Baum, C., and Kalf, G. F. 1996. Hydroquinone, a bioreactive metabolite of benzene, inhibits apoptosis in myeloblasts. Stem Cell. 14:730-742.
24. Hedli, C. C., Rao, N. R., Reuhl, K. R., Witmer, C. M., and Snyder, R. 1996. Effects of benzene metabolite treatment on granulocytic differentiation and DNA adduct formation in HL-60 cells. Arch. Toxicol. 70:135-145.
25. Helmer, K. J. 1944. Accumulated cases of chronic benzene poisoning in the rubber industry. Acta Med. Scand. 118:254-375.
26. Hutt, A. M., and Kalf, G. F. 1996. Inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase II by hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone, reactive metabolites of benzene. Environ. Health Perspect. Suppl. 104:1265-1269.
27. Infante, P., Rinsky, R. A., and Wagoner, J. K. 1977. Leukemia in benzene workers. Lancet 2:76-78.
28. Irons, R. D., and Neptun, D. A. 1980. Effects of principle hydroxy-metabolites of benzene on microtubule polymerization. Arch. Toxicol. 45:297-305.
29. Irons, R. D., and Stillman, W. S. 1996. Impact of benzene metabolites on differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells. Environ. Health Perspect. Suppl. 104:1247-1250.
30. Jacobs, R. H., Cornbleet, M. A., Vardiman, J. W., Larson, R. A., LeBeau, M. M., and Rowley, J. D. 1986. Prognostic implications of morphology and karyotype in primary myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 67:1765-1772.
31. Janssen, J. W. G., Buschle, M., Layton, M., Drexler, H. G., Lyons, J., van den Berghe, H., Heimpel, H., Kubanek, B., Kleihauer, E., and Mufti, G. J. 1989. Clonal analysis of myelodysplastic syndromes: Evidence of multipotential stem cell origin. Blood 73:248-254.
32. Jowa, L., Winkle, S., Witz, G., Kalf, G. F., and Snyder, R. 1990. Synthesis and characterization of deoxyguanosine-benzoquinone adducts. J. Appl. Toxicol. 10:47-54.
33. Kalf, G. F., Renz, J. F., and Nicolescu, R. 1996. p-Benzoquinone, a reactive metabolite of benzene, prevents the processing of pre-interleukins-1a and-1P to active cytokines by inhibition of the processing enzymes, calpain, and interleukin-1converting enzyme. Environ. Health Perspect. Suppl. 104:1251-1256.
34. Kantarjian, M. H., and Keating, M. J. 1987. Therapy related leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncol. Clin. 14:435-443.
35. Klan, M. J., Adams, D. O., and Lewis, J. G. 1990. Effects of exposure to benzene in vivo on the murine mononuclear phagocyte system. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 103:198-205.
36. Laskin, J. D., Rao, N. R., Punjabi, C. J., Laskin, D. L., and Snyder, R. 1995. Distinct actions of benzene and its metabolites on nitric oxide production by bone marrow leukocytes. J. Leukocyte Biol. 57:422-426.
37. Levay, G. 1992. Potentiation of DNA adduct formation in HL-60 cells by combinations of benzene metabolites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7105-7109.
38. 32P-post labeling. Carcinogenesis 12:1181-1186.
39. Lewis, J. G., Odom, B., and Adams, D. O. 1988. Toxic effects of benzene and benzene metabolites on mononuclear phagocytes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 92:246-254.
40. Lindstrom, A. B., Yeowell-O'Connell, K., Waidyanatha, S., McDonald, T. A., Golding, B. T., and Rappaport, S. M. 1998. Formation of hemoglobin and albumin adducts of benzene oxide in mouse, rat, and human blood. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11:302-310.
41. London, S. J., Lehman, T. A., and Taylor, J. A. 1997. Myeloperoxidase genetic polymorphism and lung cancer risk. Cancer Res. 15:5001-5003.
42. Lutz, W., and Schlatter, C. 1977. Mechanism of the carcinogenic action of benzene: Irreversible binding to rat liver DNA. Chem. Biol. Interact. 18:241-245.
43. MacEachern, L., Snyder, R., and Laskin, D. 1992. Alterations in the morphology and functional activity of bone marrow phagocytes following benzene treatment of mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 117:147-154.
44. Manning, B. W., Adams, D. O., and Lewis, J. G. 1994. Effects of benzene metabolites on receptor-mediated phagocytosis and cytoskeletal integrity in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 126:214-223.
45. Pollini, G., and Colombi, R. 1964. Chromosome damage in lymphocytes during benzene hemopa-thy. Med. J. Lav. 55:641.
46. 32P postlabeling of DNA reacted with p-benzoquinone. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 4: 199-202.
47. Rao, G. 1996. Glutathionyl hydroquinone: A potent pro-oxidant and a possible toxic metabolite of benzene. Toxicology 106:49-54.
48. Rao, N. R., and Snyder, R. 1995. Oxidative modifications produced in HL-60 cells on exposure to benzene metabolites. J. Appl. Toxicol. 15:403-409.
49. Reddy, M. V., Schultz, S. C., Blackburn, G. R., and Mackerer, C. R. 1994. Lack of DNA adduct formation in mice treated with benzene. Mutat. Res. 325:149-155.
50. Renz, J. F., and Kalf, G. F. 1991. A role for interleukin-1in benzene induced hematotoxicity: Inhibition of the conversion of pre-IL-1to mature cytokine in murine macrophages by hydroquinone and the prevention of benzene-induced hematotoxicity in mice by interleukin-1. Blood 78:938-944.
51. Richter, C. 1997. Free radical mediated DNA oxidation. In Free radical toxicology, eds. K. B. Wallace, A. W. Hayes, J. A. Thomas, and D. E. Gardner, pp. 89-114. Washington, DC.: Taylor &Francis.
52. Rosenthal, G. J., and Snyder, C. A. 1985. Modulation of the immune response to Listeria monocytogenes by benzene inhalation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 80:502-510.
53. Rothman, N., Smith, M. T., Hayes, R. B., Traver, R. D., Hoener, B., Camleman, S., Dosemeci, M., Linet, M., Zhang, L., Xi, L., Wachholder, S., Lu, W., Meye, K. B., Titenko-Holland, N., Stewart, J. T., Yin, S., and Ross, D. 1997. Benzene poisoning, a risk factor for hematological malignancy, is associated with the NQO1609C^T mutation and rapid fractional excretion of chloroxazone. Cancer Res. 15:2839-2842.
54. Rozen, M. G., and Snyder, C. A. 1985. Protracted exposure of C57BL/6 mice to 300 ppm benzene depresses B-and T-lymphocyte numbers and mitogen responses. Evidence for thymic and bone marrow proliferation in response to the exposures. Toxicology 37:13-26.
55. Rushmore, T., Snyder, R., and Kalf, G. 1984. Covalent binding of benzene and its metabolites to DNA in rabbit bone marrow mitochondria in vitro. Chem. Biol. Interact. 49:133-154.
56. Sammett, D., Lee, E. W., Kocsis, J. J., and Snyder, R. 1979. Partial hepatectomy reduces both metabolism and toxicity of benzene. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 5:785-792.
57. Santesson, C. G. 1897. Uber chronische Vergiftung mit Steinkohlenteerbenzin; vier Todesfalle. Arch. Hyg. Berl. 31:336-376.
58. Sasiadek, M. 1992. Nonrandom distribution of breakpoints in the karyotypes of workers occupationally exposed to benzene. Environ. Health Perspect. 97:255-257.
59. Savilahti, M. 1956. More than 100 cases of benzene intoxication in a shoe factory, Observations on hematological symptoms and course of the process in one year. Gewerbhygiene 5:147-157.
60. Schwartz, C., Snyder, R., and Kalf, G. F. 1985. The inhibition of mitochondrial DNA replication in vitro by the metabolites of benzene, hydroquinone and p-benzo-quinone. Chem. Biol. Interact. 53:327-350.
61. Selling, L. 1916. Benzol as a leukotoxin. Studies on degeneration regeneration of blood and hematopoietic organs. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep. 17:83-142.
62. Singh, V., Ahmad, S., and Rao, G. S. 1994. Prooxidant and antioxidant properties of iron-hydro-quinone and iron-1,2,4-benzenetriol complex. Implications for benzene toxicity. Toxicology 89: 25-33.
63. Smith, M. T., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Hayes, R. B., Li, G., Wiemels, J., Dosemeci, M., Titenko-Holland, N., Xi, L., Kolchana, P., Yin, S., and Rothman, N. 1998. Increased translocations and aneusomy in chromosomes 8 and 21among workers exposed to benzene. Cancer Res. 58: 2176-2181.
64. Snyder, R., and Hedli, C. C. 1996. An overview of benzene metabolism. Environ. Health Perspect. Suppl. 104:1165-1171.
65. Snyder, R., and Kocsis, J. J. 1975. Current concepts of chronic benzene toxicity. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 3:265-288.
66. Snyder, R., Lee, E., and Kocsis, J. 1978. Binding of labeled benzene metabolites to mouse liver and bone marrow. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 20:191-194.
67. Snyder, R., Dimitriadis, E., Guy, R., Hu, P., Cooper, K. R., Bauer, H., Witz, G., and Goldstein, B. D. 1989. Studies on the mechanism of benzene toxicity. Environ. Health Perspect. 82:31-35.
68. Van den Berghe, H., Louwagie, A., Broeckaert-van-Orshoven, A., David, G., and Verwilghen, R. 1979. Chromosome analysis in two unusual malignant blood disorders presumably induced by benzene. Blood 53:558-566.
69. Vigliani, E., and Forni, A. 1976. Benzene and l eukemia. Environ. Res. 11:122-127.
70. Wierda, D., and Irons, R. D. 1982. Hydroquinone and catechol reduce the frequency of progenitor B lymphocytes in mouse spleen and bone marrow. Immunopharmacology 4:41-54.
71. Yin, S. N., Li, G. L., Tain, F. D., Fu, Z. I., Chen, Y. J., Luo, S. J., Ye, P. Z., Wang, G. C., Zhang, X. C., Wu, H. N., and Zhong, Q. C. 1987. Leukemia in benzene workers, a retrospective cohort study. Br. J. Ind. Med. 44:124-128.