Nature-Based Coastal Defenses: Can Biodiversity Help?

Encyclopedia of Biodiversity: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 451-458

  van Wesenbeeck, Bregje K ^a   Griffin, John N ^b   van Koningsveld, Mark ^c,d   Gedan, Keryn B ^e   McCoy, Michael W ^b   Silliman, Brian R ^b  

^a DELTARES   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^c Van Oord Dredging and Marine Contractors   (Netherlands)

^d DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^e SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Building with nature; Coastal protection; Coral reefs; Ecosystem services; Flood risk mitigation; Functional traits; Mangroves; Salt marshes; Shellfish reefs; Wave attenuation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904059385     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00323-3     Document Type: Chapter

References (90)

1. Bakker J.P. The impact of grazing on plant-communities, plant-populations and soil-conditions on salt marshes. Vegetation 1985, 62:391-398.
2. Bakker J.P., Ruyter J.C. Effects of 5 years of grazing on a salt-marsh vegetation - a study with sequential mapping. Vegetation 1981, 44:81-100.
3. Balvanera P., Pfisterer A.B., Buchmann N., et al. Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecology Letters 2006, 9:1146-1156.
4. Barbier E.B., Hacker S.D., Kennedy C., Koch E.W., Stier A.C., Silliman B.R. The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. Ecological Monographs 2011, 81:169-193.
5. Barbier E.B., Koch E.W., Silliman B.R., et al. Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. Science 2008, 319:321-323.
6. Borsje B.W., van Wesenbeeck B.K., Dekker F., et al. How ecological engineering can serve in coastal protection. Ecological Engineering 2011, 37:113-122.
7. Bouma T.J., De Vries M.B., Low E., et al. Trade-offs related to ecosystem engineering: A case study on stiffness of emerging macrophytes. Ecology 2005, 86:2187-2199.
8. Bouma T.J., de Vries M.B., Herman P.M.J. Comparing ecosystem engineering efficiency of two plant species with contrasting growth strategies. Ecology 2010, 91(9):2696-2704.
9. Byrnes J.E., Reynolds P.L., Stachowicz J.J. Invasions and extinctions reshape coastal marine food webs. PLoS One 2007, 2:e295.
10. Campbell A., Kapos V., Scharlemann J.P.W., et al. Review of the literature on the links between biodiversity and climate change: Impacts, adaptation and mitigation. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal. Technical Series 2009, 42:124.
11. Cardinale B.J. Biodiversity improves water quality through niche partitioning. Nature 2011, 472:86-91.
12. Cardinale B.J., Matulich K.L., Hooper D.U., et al. The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems. American Journal of Botany 2011, 98:572-592.
13. Cardinale B.J., Srivastava D.S., Duffy J.E., et al. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature 2006, 443:989-992.
14. Chen S.N., Sanford L.P., Koch E.W., Shi F., North E.W. A nearshore model to investigate the effects of seagrass bed geometry on wave attenuation and suspended sediment transport. Estuaries 2007, 30:296-310.
15. Christiansen T., Wiberg P.L., Milligan T.G. Flow and sediment transport on a tidal salt marsh surface. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 2000, 50:315-331.
16. Cohen J.E., Small C., Mellinger A., Gallup J., Sachs J. Estimates of coastal populations. Science 1997, 278:1209.
17. Coops H., Geilen N., Verheij H.J., Boeters R., Van Der Velde G. Interactions between waves, bank erosion and emergent vegetation: An experimental study in a wave tank. Aquatic Botany 1996, 53:187-198.
18. Costanza R., d'Arge R., de Groot R., et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 1997, 387:253-260.
19. Cottingham K.L., Brown B.L., Lennon J.T. Biodiversity may regulate the temporal variability of ecological systems. Ecology Letters 2001, 4:72-85.
20. Nature's Services. Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems 1997, Island Press, Washington, DC. G.C. Daily (Ed.).
21. Danielson F., Sørensen M.K., Olwig M.F., et al. The Asian Tsunami: A protective role for coastal vegetation. Science 2005, 310:643.
22. Das S., Vincent J.R. Mangroves protected villages and reduced death toll during Indian super cyclone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2009, 106:7357-7360.
23. Díaz S., Fargione J., Chapin F.S., Tilman D. Biodiversity loss threatens human well-being. PLoS Biology 2006, 4:e277.
24. Dimitrakopoulos P.G., Schmid B. Biodiversity effects increase linearly with biotope space. Ecology Letters 2004, 7:574-583.
25. Duarte C.M., Chiscano C.L. Seagrass biomass and production: A reassessment. Aquatic Botany 1999, 65:159-174.
26. Duxbury J., Dickinson S. Principles for sustainable governance of the coastal zone: In the context of coastal disasters. Ecological Economics 2007, 63:319-330.
27. Ellison A.M. Mangrove restoration: Do we know enough?. Restoration Ecology 2000, 8:219-229.
28. Ewel K.C., Twilley R.R., Eong Ong J. Different kinds of mangrove forests provide different goods and services. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 1998, 7:83-94.
29. Fagherazzi S., Carniello L., D'Alpaos L., Defina A. Critical bifurcation of shallow microtidal landforms in tidal flats and salt marshes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2006, 103:8337-8341.
30. Feagin R.A. Vegetation's role in coastal protection. Science 2008, 320:176-177.
31. Feagin R.A., Lozada-Bernard S.M., Ravens T.M., Moller I., Yeager K.M., Baird A.H. Does vegetation prevent wave erosion of salt marsh edges. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106:10109-10113.
32. Folkard A.M., Gascoigne J.C. Hydrodynamics of discontinuous mussel beds: Laboratory flume simulations. Journal of Sea Research 2009, 62:250-257.
33. Fonseca M.S., Cahalan J.A. A preliminary evaluation of wave attenuation by four species of seagrass. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 1992, 35:565-576.
34. Gamfeldt L., Hillebrand H., Jonsson P.R. Multiple functions increase the importance of biodiversity for overall ecosystem functioning. Ecology 2008, 89:1223-1231.
35. Gedan K.B., Kirwan M.L., Wolanski E., Barbier E.B., Silliman B.R. The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: Answering recent challenges to the paradigm. Climatic Change 2011, 106:7-29.
36. Griffin J.N., Jenkins S.R., Hawkins S.J., Gamfeldt L., Thompson R.C. Spatial heterogeneity increases the importance of species richness for an ecosystem process. Oikos 2009, 118:1335-1342.
37. Griffin J.N., Silliman B.R. Predator diversity stabilizes and strengthens trophic control of a keystone grazer. Biology Letters 2011, 7:79-82.
38. Griffin J.N., Symstad A., Emmerson M., et al. Biodiversity and the stability of ecosystem functioning. Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing: An Ecological and Economic Perspective 2009, Oxford University Press. S. Naeem, D. Bunker, A. Hector, M. Loreau, C. Perrings (Eds.).
39. Hardy T.A., Young I.R. Field study of wave attenuation on an offshore coral reef. Journal of Geophysical Research 1996, 101:14311-14326.
40. Hooper D.U., Chapin F.S., Ewel J.J., et al. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs 2005, 75:3-35.
41. Isbell F., Calcagno V., Hector A., et al. High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services. Nature 2011, 477:199-202.
42. Kahmen A., Perner J., Buchmann N. Diversity-dependent productivity in semi-natural grasslands following climate perturbations. Functional Ecology 2005, 19:594-601.
43. Kench P.S., Brander R.W. Response of reef island shorelines to seasonal climate oscillations: South Maalhosmadulu atoll, Maldives. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:F01001 10.1029/2005JF000323.
44. Kennedy G., Mayer T. Natural and constructed wetlands in Canada: An overview. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada 2002, 37:295-325.
45. Kirwan M.L., Murray A.B. A coupled geomorphic and ecological model of tidal marsh evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104:6118-6122.
46. Knutson P.L., Ford J.C., Inskeep M.G., Oyler J. National survey of planted salt marshes (vegetative stabilization and wave stress). Wetlands 1981, 1:129-157.
47. Koch E.W., Barbier E.B., Silliman B.R., et al. Non-linearity in ecosystem services: Temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2009, 7:29-37.
48. van Koningsveld M., Mulder J.P.M., Stive M.J.F., VanDervalk L., VanDerWeck A.W. Living with sea-level rise and climate change: A case study of the Netherlands. Journal of Coastal Research 2008, 24(2):367-379.
49. Laso Bayas J.C., Marohna C., Dercona G., et al. Influence of coastal vegetation on the 2004 tsunami wave impact in west Aceh. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011, 108:18612-18617.
50. Le Hir P., Roberts W., Cazaillet O., Christie M., Bassoullet P., Bacher C. Characterization of intertidal flat hydrodynamics. Continental Shelf Research 2000, 20:1433-1459.
51. Loreau M., Naeem S., Inchausti P., et al. Ecology - biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenges. Science 2001, 294:804-808.
52. Lotze H.K., Lenihan H.S., Bourque B.J., et al. Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science 2006, 312:1806-1809.
53. Lugo-Fernandez A., Roberts H.H., Wiseman W.J. Tide effects on wave attenuation and wave set-up on a Caribbean coral reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 1998, 47:385-393.
54. van Leeuwen B., Augustijn D.C.M., van Wesenbeeck B.K., Hulscher S.J.M.H., de Vries M.B. Modeling the influence of a young mussel bed on fine sediment dynamics on an intertidal flat in the Wadden Sea. Ecological Engineering 2010, 36:145-153.
55. Marani M., D'Alpaos A., Lanzoni S., Carniello L., Rinaldo A. Biologically-controlled multiple equilibria of tidal landforms and the fate of the Venice lagoon. Geophysical Research Letters 2007, 34.
56. Massel S.R., Furukawa K., Brinkman R.M. Surface wave propagation in mangrove forests. Fluid Dynamic Research 1999, 24:219-249.
57. Mazda Y., Magi M., Ikeda Y., Kurokawa T., Asano T. Wave reduction in a mangrove forest dominated by Sonneratia sp. Wetlands Ecology and Management 2006, 14:365-378.
58. Mazda Y., Wolanski E., King B., Sase A., Ohtsuka D., Magi M. Drag force due to vegetation in mangrove swamps. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 1997, 1:193-199.
59. McClanahan T.R., Mwaguni S., Muthiga N.A. Management of the Kenyan coast. Ocean and Coastal Management 2005, 48:901-931.
60. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis 2005, MEA, Island Press, Washington, DC.
61. Mendez F.J., Losada I.J. An empirical model to estimate the propagation of random breaking and nonbreaking waves over vegetation fields. Coastal Engineering 2004, 51:103-118.
62. Merkel K (2008) Eelgrass habitat surveys for the Emeryville flats and Clipper Cove, Yerba Buena Island (October 1999-2005, and 2007). In: California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA.
63. Möller I. Quantifying saltmarsh vegetation and its effect on wave height dissipation: Results from a UK East coast saltmarsh. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 2006, 69:337-351.
64. Möller I., Spencer T. Wave dissipation over macro-tidal saltmarshes: Effects of marsh edge typology and vegetation change. Journal of Coastal Research 2002, 36:506-521.
65. Möller I., Spencer T., French J.R., Leggett D.J., Dixon M. Wave transformation over salt marshes: A field and numerical modelling study from North Norfolk, England. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 1999, 49:411-426.
66. Morris J.T., Haskin B. A 5-yr record of aerial primary production and stand characteristics of Spartina alterniflora. Ecology 1990, 71:2209-2217.
67. Mousavi M., Irish J., Frey A., Olivera F., Edge B. Global warming and hurricanes: The potential impact of hurricane intensification and sea level rise on coastal flooding. Climatic Change 2011, 104:575-597.
68. Munich RE (2010) NatCatSERVICE. http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/media_relations/press_releases/2011/2011_01_03_munich_re_NatCatSERVICE_en.pdf.
69. Munich RE (2011) Half-year natural catastrophe review, USA. http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/media_relations/press_dossiers/hurricane/2011-half-year-natural-catastrophe-review-usa_en.pdf.
70. Neumeier U., Ciavola P. Flow resistance and associated sedimentary processes in a Spartina maritima salt-marsh. Journal of Coastal Research 2004, 20:435-447.
71. Parry M. Closing the loop between mitigation, impacts and adaptation. Climatic Change 2009, 96:23-27.
72. Peralta G., van Duren L.A., Morris E.P., Bouma T.J. Consequences of shoot density and stiffness for ecosystem engineering by benthic macrophytes in flow dominated areas: A hydrodynamic flume study. Marine Ecology - Progress Series 2008, 368:103-115.
73. Piazza B.P., Banks P.D., La Peyre M.K. The potential for created oyster shell reefs as a sustainable shoreline protection strategy in Louisiana. Restoration Ecology 2005, 13:499-506.
74. Quartel S., Kroon A., Augustinus P.G.E.F., Van Santen P., Tri N.H. Wave attenuation in coastal mangroves in the Red River delta, Vietnam. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2007, 29(4):576-584.
75. Resio D.T., Westerink J.J. Hurricanes and the physics of surges. Physics Today 2008, 61(9):33-38.
76. Scyphers S.B., Powers S.P., Heck K.L., Byron D. Oyster reefs as natural breakwaters mitigate shoreline loss and facilitate fisheries. PLoS One 2011, 6(8).
77. Sheppard C., Dixon D.J., Gourlay M., Sheppard A., Payet R. Coral mortality increases wave energy reaching shores protected by reef flats: Examples from the Seychelles. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2005, 64:223-234.
78. Silliman B.R., Bertness M.D. Atrophic cascade regulates salt marsh primary production. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002, 99:10500-10505.
79. Temmerman S., Bouma T.J., van de Koppel J., van der Wal D., de Vries M.B., Herman P.M.J. Vegetation causes channel erosion in a tidal landscape. Geology 2007, 35(7):631-634.
80. Thampanya U., Vermaat J.E., Sinsakul S., Panapitukkul N. Coastal erosion and mangrove progradation of Southern Thailand. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2006, 68:75-85.
81. Tilman D., Reich P.B., Knops J.M.H. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature 2006, 441:629-632.
82. Twilley R.R., Chen R.H., Hargis T. Carbon sinks in mangroves and their implications to carbon budget of tropical coastal ecosystems. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 1992, 64:265-288.
83. In the Front Line: Shoreline Protection and Other Ecosystem Services From Mangroves and Coral Reefs 2006, UNEP-WCMC, UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK, 33 pp.
84. Vitousek P.M., Mooney H.A., Lubchenco J., Melillo J.M. Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science 1997, 277:494-499.
85. Waycott M., Duarte C.M., Carruthers T.J.B., et al. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2009, 106:12377-12381.
86. van Wesenbeeck B.K., Van De Koppel J., Herman P.M.J., Bouma T.J. Does scale-dependent feedback explain spatial complexity in salt-marsh ecosystems?. Oikos 2008, 117(1):152-159.
87. Wilkinson C., Linden O., Cesar H., Hodgson G., Rubens J., Strong A.E. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of 1998 coral mortality in the Indian Ocean: An ENSO impact and a warning of future change?. Ambio 1999, 28:188-196.
88. Worm B., Barbier E.B., Beaumont N., et al. Biodiversity loss in the ocean: How bad is it?. Response. Science 2007, 316:1282-1284.
89. Yachi S., Loreau M. Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: The insurance hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1999, 96:1463-1468.
90. Zhang H.Q. Stabilitätsparameter des Deichvorlandes und deren Beeinflußung durch Bewirtschaftungsverfahren. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 1993, 72:297-300.