메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 439-449

New insights into the pathophysiology, classification, and diagnosis of coronary microvascular dysfunction

Author keywords

cardiac syndrome X; coronary microvascular dysfunction; microvascular angina

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; NIFEDIPINE; RAMIPRIL; RANOLAZINE; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 84904036475     PISSN: 09546928     EISSN: 14735830     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCA.0000000000000119     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0015810934 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial function during atrial pacing in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteriograms. Comparison with patients having significant coronary artery disease
    • Arbogast R, Bourassa MG. Myocardial function during atrial pacing in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteriograms. Comparison with patients having significant coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1973; 32:257-263.
    • (1973) Am J Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 257-263
    • Arbogast, R.1    Bourassa, M.G.2
  • 2
    • 0015791540 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular function in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms
    • Kemp HG Jr. Left ventricular function in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms. Am J Cardiol 1973; 32:375-376.
    • (1973) Am J Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 375-376
    • Kemp Jr., H.G.1
  • 3
    • 0023922890 scopus 로고
    • Microvascular angina' as a cause of chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries
    • Cannon RO III, Epstein SE. 'Microvascular angina' as a cause of chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 1988; 61:1338-1343.
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.61 , pp. 1338-1343
    • Cannon III, R.O.1    Epstein, S.E.2
  • 5
    • 84869444107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary microvascular dysfunction in the clinical setting: From mystery to reality
    • Herrmann J, Kaski JC, Lerman A. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in the clinical setting: from mystery to reality. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:2771-2782.
    • (2012) Eur Heart J , vol.33 , pp. 2771-2782
    • Herrmann, J.1    Kaski, J.C.2    Lerman, A.3
  • 6
    • 54149110403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of methods for assessment of coronary microvascular disease in both clinical and experimental settings
    • Pries AR, Habazettl H, Ambrosio G, Hansen PR, Kaski JC, Schächinger V, et al. A review of methods for assessment of coronary microvascular disease in both clinical and experimental settings. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:165-174.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Res , vol.80 , pp. 165-174
    • Pries, A.R.1    Habazettl, H.2    Ambrosio, G.3    Hansen, P.R.4    Kaski, J.C.5    Schächinger, V.6
  • 7
    • 33847231568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary microvascular dysfunction
    • Camici PG, Crea F. Coronary microvascular dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2007; 356:830-840.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 830-840
    • Camici, P.G.1    Crea, F.2
  • 8
    • 58949084579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in coronary microvascular dysfunction
    • Beltrame JF, Crea F, Camici P. Advances in coronary microvascular dysfunction. Heart Lung Circ 2009; 18:19-27.
    • (2009) Heart Lung Circ , vol.18 , pp. 19-27
    • Beltrame, J.F.1    Crea, F.2    Camici, P.3
  • 9
    • 0025250071 scopus 로고
    • Coronary arteriolar myogenic response is independent of endothelium
    • Kuo L, Chilian WM, Davis MJ. Coronary arteriolar myogenic response is independent of endothelium. Circ Res 1990; 66:860-866.
    • (1990) Circ Res , vol.66 , pp. 860-866
    • Kuo, L.1    Chilian, W.M.2    Davis, M.J.3
  • 10
    • 77953218652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary coronary microvascular dysfunction: Clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management
    • Lanza GA, Crea F. Primary coronary microvascular dysfunction: clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management. Circulation 2010; 121:2317-2325.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 2317-2325
    • Lanza, G.A.1    Crea, F.2
  • 11
    • 0021362064 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of coronary reserve: A mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with arterial hypertension and normal coronary arteries
    • Opherk D, Mall G, Zebe H, Schwarz F, Weihe E, Manthey J, Kübler W. Reduction of coronary reserve: a mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with arterial hypertension and normal coronary arteries. Circulation 1984; 69:1-7.
    • (1984) Circulation , vol.69 , pp. 1-7
    • Opherk, D.1    Mall, G.2    Zebe, H.3    Schwarz, F.4    Weihe, E.5    Manthey, J.6    Kübler, W.7
  • 12
    • 0026002489 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of endothelial dysfunction in coronary resistance vessels in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms
    • Motz W, Vogt M, Rabenau O, Scheler S, Lückhoff A, Strauer BE. Evidence of endothelial dysfunction in coronary resistance vessels in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68:996-1003.
    • (1991) Am J Cardiol , vol.68 , pp. 996-1003
    • Motz, W.1    Vogt, M.2    Rabenau, O.3    Scheler, S.4    Lückhoff, A.5    Strauer, B.E.6
  • 13
    • 70350512036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with cardiomyopathies
    • Camici PG. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with cardiomyopathies. Circ Heart Fail 2008; 1:150-152.
    • (2008) Circ Heart Fail , vol.1 , pp. 150-152
    • Camici, P.G.1
  • 16
    • 3042545883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between C reactive protein concentrations and coronary microvascular endothelial function
    • Teragawa H, Fukuda Y, Matsuda K, Ueda K, Higashi Y, Oshima T, et al. Relation between C reactive protein concentrations and coronary microvascular endothelial function. Heart 2004; 90:750-754.
    • (2004) Heart , vol.90 , pp. 750-754
    • Teragawa, H.1    Fukuda, Y.2    Matsuda, K.3    Ueda, K.4    Higashi, Y.5    Oshima, T.6
  • 17
    • 81355146433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved cardiac risk assessment with noninvasive measures of coronary flow reserve
    • Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster C, Hainer J, Gaber M, Di Carli G, et al. Improved cardiac risk assessment with noninvasive measures of coronary flow reserve. Circulation 2011; 124:2215-2224.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.124 , pp. 2215-2224
    • Murthy, V.L.1    Naya, M.2    Foster, C.3    Hainer, J.4    Gaber, M.5    Di Carli, G.6
  • 18
    • 79961174089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia
    • Ziadi MC, Williams KA, Guo A, Chow BJ, Renaud JM, Ruddy TD, et al. Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:740-748.
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.58 , pp. 740-748
    • Ziadi, M.C.1    Williams, K.A.2    Guo, A.3    Chow, B.J.4    Renaud, J.M.5    Ruddy, T.D.6
  • 19
    • 0034704729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal myocardial phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in women with chest pain but normal coronary angiograms
    • Buchthal SD, den Hollander JA, Merz CNB, Rogers WJ, Pepine CJ, Reichek N, et al. Abnormal myocardial phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in women with chest pain but normal coronary angiograms. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:829-835.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 829-835
    • Buchthal, S.D.1    Den Hollander, J.A.2    Cnb, M.3    Rogers, W.J.4    Pepine, C.J.5    Reichek, N.6
  • 21
    • 0036829463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of coronary flow reserve in the anterior and posterior descending coronary arteries by transthoracic Doppler ultrasound
    • Voci P, Pizzuto F, Mariano E, Puddu PE, Chiavari PA, Romeo F. Measurement of coronary flow reserve in the anterior and posterior descending coronary arteries by transthoracic Doppler ultrasound. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90:988-991.
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.90 , pp. 988-991
    • Voci, P.1    Pizzuto, F.2    Mariano, E.3    Puddu, P.E.4    Chiavari, P.A.5    Romeo, F.6
  • 22
    • 0346794072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a new noninvasive method (contrast-enhanced transthoracic second harmonic echo Doppler) for the evaluation of coronary flow reservecomparison with intracoronary Doppler flow wire
    • Caiati C, Montaldo C, Zedda N, Montisci R, Ruscazio M, Lai G, et al. Validation of a new noninvasive method (contrast-enhanced transthoracic second harmonic echo Doppler) for the evaluation of coronary flow reservecomparison with intracoronary Doppler flow wire. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34:1193-1200.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.34 , pp. 1193-1200
    • Caiati, C.1    Montaldo, C.2    Zedda, N.3    Montisci, R.4    Ruscazio, M.5    Lai, G.6
  • 23
    • 0029841529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous coronary pressure and flow velocity measurements in humans: Feasibility, reproducibility, and hemodynamic dependence of coronary flow velocity reserve, hyperemic flow versus pressure slope index, and fractional flow reserve
    • De Bruyne B, Bartunek J, Sys SU, NHJ Pijls, Heyndrickx GR, Wijns W. Simultaneous coronary pressure and flow velocity measurements in humans: feasibility, reproducibility, and hemodynamic dependence of coronary flow velocity reserve, hyperemic flow versus pressure slope index, and fractional flow reserve. Circulation 1996; 94:1842-1849.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 1842-1849
    • De Bruyne, B.1    Bartunek, J.2    Sys, S.U.3    Pijls, N.4    Heyndrickx, G.R.5    Wijns, W.6
  • 24
    • 78649703452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic effect of coronary flow reserve in women versus men with chest pain syndrome and normal dipyridamole stress echocardiography
    • Cortigiani L, Rigo F, Gherardi S, Galderisi M, Bovenzi F, Picano E, Sicari R. Prognostic effect of coronary flow reserve in women versus men with chest pain syndrome and normal dipyridamole stress echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 2010; 106:1703-1708.
    • (2010) Am J Cardiol , vol.106 , pp. 1703-1708
    • Cortigiani, L.1    Rigo, F.2    Gherardi, S.3    Galderisi, M.4    Bovenzi, F.5    Picano, E.6    Sicari, R.7
  • 25
    • 84904047809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quantification of absolute myocardial perfusion in humans by contrast echocardiographyalgorithm and validation
    • Vogel R, Indermühle A, Reinhardt J, Meier P, Siegrist PT, Namdar M, et al. The quantification of absolute myocardial perfusion in humans by contrast echocardiographyalgorithm and validation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 106:1703-1708.
    • (2010) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.106 , pp. 1703-1708
    • Vogel, R.1    Indermühle, A.2    Reinhardt, J.3    Meier, P.4    Siegrist, P.T.5    Namdar, M.6
  • 26
    • 84893696620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical usefulness and safety evaluation of intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing among 1000 consecutive Caucasian patients with anginal symptoms and unobstructed coronary arteries
    • Ong P, Athanasiadis A, Borgulya G, Mahrholdt H, Sechtem U. Clinical usefulness and safety evaluation of intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing among 1000 consecutive Caucasian patients with anginal symptoms and unobstructed coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:E1487.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.59
    • Ong, P.1    Athanasiadis, A.2    Borgulya, G.3    Mahrholdt, H.4    Sechtem, U.5
  • 28
  • 29
    • 0026040348 scopus 로고
    • Coronary flow reserve
    • Bradley AJ, Alpert JS. Coronary flow reserve. Am Heart J 1991; 122: 1116-1128.
    • (1991) Am Heart J , vol.122 , pp. 1116-1128
    • Bradley, A.J.1    Alpert, J.S.2
  • 30
    • 0035088406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow in healthy humans
    • Chareonthaitawee P, Kaufmann PA, Rimoldi O, Camici PG. Heterogeneity of resting and hyperemic myocardial blood flow in healthy humans. Cardiovasc Res 2001; 50:151-161.
    • (2001) Cardiovasc Res , vol.50 , pp. 151-161
    • Chareonthaitawee, P.1    Kaufmann, P.A.2    Rimoldi, O.3    Camici, P.G.4
  • 32
    • 2442637731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microvascular resistance is not influenced by epicardial coronary artery stenosis severity experimental validation
    • Fearon WF, Aarnoudse W, Pijls NH, de Bruyne B, Balsam LB, Cooke DT, et al. Microvascular resistance is not influenced by epicardial coronary artery stenosis severity experimental validation. Circulation 2004; 109:2269-2272.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 2269-2272
    • Fearon, W.F.1    Aarnoudse, W.2    Pijls, N.H.3    De Bruyne, B.4    Balsam, L.B.5    Cooke, D.T.6
  • 33
    • 38349193374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of the index of microcirculatory resistance in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
    • Fearon WF, Shah M, Ng M, Brinton T, Wilson A, Tremmel JA, et al. Predictive value of the index of microcirculatory resistance in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:560-565.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.51 , pp. 560-565
    • Fearon, W.F.1    Shah, M.2    Ng, M.3    Brinton, T.4    Wilson, A.5    Tremmel, J.A.6
  • 34
    • 78650673363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
    • Daniels DV, Fearon WF. The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 77:128-131.
    • (2011) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv , vol.77 , pp. 128-131
    • Daniels, D.V.1    Fearon, W.F.2
  • 35
    • 33745508922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discordant changes in epicardial and microvascular coronary physiology after cardiac transplantation: Physiologic Investigation for Transplant Arteriopathy II (PITA II) study
    • Fearon WF, Hirohata A, Nakamura M, Luikart H, Lee DP, Vagelos RH, et al. Discordant changes in epicardial and microvascular coronary physiology after cardiac transplantation: Physiologic Investigation for Transplant Arteriopathy II (PITA II) study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006; 25:765-771.
    • (2006) J Heart Lung Transplant , vol.25 , pp. 765-771
    • Fearon, W.F.1    Hirohata, A.2    Nakamura, M.3    Luikart, H.4    Lee, D.P.5    Vagelos, R.H.6
  • 36
    • 33846689981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac syndrome X: A critical overview and future perspectives
    • Lanza GA. Cardiac syndrome X: a critical overview and future perspectives. Heart 2007; 93:159-166.
    • (2007) Heart , vol.93 , pp. 159-166
    • Lanza, G.A.1
  • 39
    • 0038755606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional changes in coronary microcirculation after valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis
    • Rajappan K, Rimoldi OE, Camici PG, Bellenger NG, Pennell DJ, Sheridan DJ. Functional changes in coronary microcirculation after valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis. Circulation 2003; 107:3170-3175.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 3170-3175
    • Rajappan, K.1    Rimoldi, O.E.2    Camici, P.G.3    Bellenger, N.G.4    Pennell, D.J.5    Sheridan, D.J.6
  • 40
    • 0028117854 scopus 로고
    • Global alteration in perfusion response to increasing oxygen consumption in patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease
    • Sambuceti G, Marzullo P, Giorgetti A, Neglia D, Marzilli M, Salvadori P, et al. Global alteration in perfusion response to increasing oxygen consumption in patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. Circulation 1994; 90:1696-1705.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1696-1705
    • Sambuceti, G.1    Marzullo, P.2    Giorgetti, A.3    Neglia, D.4    Marzilli, M.5    Salvadori, P.6
  • 42
    • 0019143016 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural evidence of microvascular damage and myocardial cell injury after coronary artery occlusion: Which comes first?
    • Kloner RA, Rude RE, Carlson N, Maroko PR, DeBoer LW, Braunwald E. Ultrastructural evidence of microvascular damage and myocardial cell injury after coronary artery occlusion: which comes first? Circulation 1980; 62:945-952.
    • (1980) Circulation , vol.62 , pp. 945-952
    • Kloner, R.A.1    Rude, R.E.2    Carlson, N.3    Maroko, P.R.4    Deboer, L.W.5    Braunwald, E.6
  • 43
    • 48249115694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microvascular obstruction and the no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention
    • Jaffe R, Charron T, Puley G, Dick A, Strauss BH. Microvascular obstruction and the no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2008; 117:3152-3156.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 3152-3156
    • Jaffe, R.1    Charron, T.2    Puley, G.3    Dick, A.4    Strauss, B.H.5
  • 44
    • 81855176710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction after coronary bypass grafting: A study using biomarkers and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
    • Lim C, Cuculi F, van Gaal WJ, Testa L, Arnold JR, Karamitsos T, et al. Early diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction after coronary bypass grafting: a study using biomarkers and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92:2046-2053.
    • (2011) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.92 , pp. 2046-2053
    • Lim, C.1    Cuculi, F.2    Van Gaal, W.J.3    Testa, L.4    Arnold, J.R.5    Karamitsos, T.6
  • 46
    • 33644600027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of coronary microvascular flow impairment to long-term remodeling and systolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    • Olivotto I, Cecchi F, Gistri R, Lorenzoni R, Chiriatti G, Girolami F, et al. Relevance of coronary microvascular flow impairment to long-term remodeling and systolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:1043-1048.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 1043-1048
    • Olivotto, I.1    Cecchi, F.2    Gistri, R.3    Lorenzoni, R.4    Chiriatti, G.5    Girolami, F.6
  • 48
    • 84879411789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of intracoronary adenosine or nitroprusside after thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for the prevention of microvascular obstruction in acute myocardial infarction: The REOPEN-AMI Study (Intracoronary Nitroprusside Versus Adenosine in Acute Myocardial Infarction)
    • Niccoli G, Rigattieri S, De Vita MR, Valgimigli M, Corvo P, Fabbiocchi F, et al. Open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of intracoronary adenosine or nitroprusside after thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for the prevention of microvascular obstruction in acute myocardial infarction: the REOPEN-AMI Study (Intracoronary Nitroprusside Versus Adenosine in Acute Myocardial Infarction). JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 6:580-589.
    • (2013) JACC Cardiovasc Interv , vol.6 , pp. 580-589
    • Niccoli, G.1    Rigattieri, S.2    De Vita, M.R.3    Valgimigli, M.4    Corvo, P.5    Fabbiocchi, F.6
  • 49
    • 84860471836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracoronary abciximab and aspiration thrombectomy in patients with large anterior myocardial infarction: The INFUSE-AMI randomized trial
    • Stone GW, Maehara A, Witzenbichler B, Godlewski J, Parise H, Dambrink JH, et al. Intracoronary abciximab and aspiration thrombectomy in patients with large anterior myocardial infarction: the INFUSE-AMI randomized trial. JAMA 2012; 307:1817-1826.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , pp. 1817-1826
    • Stone, G.W.1    Maehara, A.2    Witzenbichler, B.3    Godlewski, J.4    Parise, H.5    Dambrink, J.H.6
  • 51
    • 0032886790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atenolol versus amlodipine versus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on anginal symptoms in syndrome X
    • Lanza GA, Colonna G, Pasceri V, Maseri A. Atenolol versus amlodipine versus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on anginal symptoms in syndrome X. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84:854-856.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.84 , pp. 854-856
    • Lanza, G.A.1    Colonna, G.2    Pasceri, V.3    Maseri, A.4
  • 52
    • 0031045938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired left ventricular filling dynamics in patients with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries: Effect of beta adrenergic blockade
    • Fragasso G, Chierchia SL, Pizzetti G, Rossetti E, Carlino M, Gerosa S, et al. Impaired left ventricular filling dynamics in patients with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries: effect of beta adrenergic blockade. Heart 1997; 77:32-39.
    • (1997) Heart , vol.77 , pp. 32-39
    • Fragasso, G.1    Chierchia, S.L.2    Pizzetti, G.3    Rossetti, E.4    Carlino, M.5    Gerosa, S.6
  • 53
    • 0021857611 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of calcium channel blocker therapy for angina pectoris resulting from small-vessel coronary artery disease and abnormal vasodilator reserve
    • Cannon RO III, Watson RM, Rosing DR, Epstein SE. Efficacy of calcium channel blocker therapy for angina pectoris resulting from small-vessel coronary artery disease and abnormal vasodilator reserve. Am J Cardiol 1985; 56:242-246.
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.56 , pp. 242-246
    • Cannon III, R.O.1    Watson, R.M.2    Rosing, D.R.3    Epstein, S.E.4
  • 54
    • 0346096808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase in cardiac syndrome X role of superoxide dismutase activity
    • Pizzi C, Manfrini O, Fontana F, Bugiardini R. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase in cardiac syndrome X role of superoxide dismutase activity. Circulation 2004; 109:53-58.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 53-58
    • Pizzi, C.1    Manfrini, O.2    Fontana, F.3    Bugiardini, R.4
  • 55
    • 79955937128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranolazine improves angina in women with evidence of myocardial ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease
    • Mehta PK, Goykhman P, Thomson LE, Shufelt C, Wei J, Yang Y, et al. Ranolazine improves angina in women with evidence of myocardial ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:514-522.
    • (2011) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.4 , pp. 514-522
    • Mehta, P.K.1    Goykhman, P.2    Thomson, L.E.3    Shufelt, C.4    Wei, J.5    Yang, Y.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.