메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 264-268

Polyphosphate, cyclic AMP, guanosine tetraphosphate, and c-di-GMP reduce in vitro Lon activity

Author keywords

c di GMP; cAMP; Lon protease; Polyphosphate; ppGpp

Indexed keywords

ALPHA CASEIN; ANTITOXIN; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC DI GMP; CYCLIC GMP DERIVATIVE; ENDOPEPTIDASE LA; GUANOSINE 3' DIPHOSPHATE 5' DIPHOSPHATE; POLYPHOSPHATE; RIBOSOME PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; GUANOSINE PHOSPHATE;

EID: 84903975405     PISSN: 19491018     EISSN: 19491026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/bioe.29261     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 0028673164 scopus 로고
    • ATP-dependent protease La (Lon) from Escherichia coli
    • PMID:7845219
    • Goldberg AL, Moerschell RP, Chung CH, Maurizi MR. ATP-dependent protease La (Lon) from Escherichia coli. Methods Enzymol 1994; 244:350-75; PMID:7845219; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(94)44027-1
    • (1994) Methods Enzymol , vol.244 , pp. 350-375
    • Goldberg, A.L.1    Moerschell, R.P.2    Chung, C.H.3    Maurizi, M.R.4
  • 2
    • 0019862897 scopus 로고
    • E. coli contains eight soluble proteolytic activities, one being ATP dependent
    • PMID:7019728
    • Swamy KH, Goldberg AL. E. coli contains eight soluble proteolytic activities, one being ATP dependent. Nature 1981; 292:652-4; PMID:7019728; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/292652a0
    • (1981) Nature , vol.292 , pp. 652-654
    • Swamy, K.H.1    Goldberg, A.L.2
  • 3
    • 0032969563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AAA+: A class of chaperone-like ATPases associated with the assembly, operation, and disassembly of protein complexes
    • PMID:9927482
    • Neuwald AF, Aravind L, Spouge JL, Koonin EV. AAA+: A class of chaperone-like ATPases associated with the assembly, operation, and disassembly of protein complexes. Genome Res 1999; 9:27-43; PMID:9927482
    • (1999) Genome Res , vol.9 , pp. 27-43
    • Neuwald, A.F.1    Aravind, L.2    Spouge, J.L.3    Koonin, E.V.4
  • 4
    • 11244258844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of ATP-dependent proteases Lon and comparison of the active sites of their proteolytic domains
    • PMID:15606774
    • Rotanova TV, Melnikov EE, Khalatova AG, Makhovskaya OV, Botos I, Wlodawer A, Gustchina A. Classification of ATP-dependent proteases Lon and comparison of the active sites of their proteolytic domains. Eur J Biochem 2004; 271:4865-71; PMID:15606774; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04452.x
    • (2004) Eur J Biochem , vol.271 , pp. 4865-4871
    • Rotanova, T.V.1    Melnikov, E.E.2    Khalatova, A.G.3    Makhovskaya, O.V.4    Botos, I.5    Wlodawer, A.6    Gustchina, A.7
  • 6
    • 33748703166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological roles of the Lon ATP-dependent protease
    • PMID:16854568
    • Tsilibaris V, Maenhaut-Michel G, Van Melderen L. Biological roles of the Lon ATP-dependent protease. Res Microbiol 2006; 157:701-13; PMID:16854568; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2006.05.004
    • (2006) Res Microbiol , vol.157 , pp. 701-713
    • Tsilibaris, V.1    Maenhaut-Michel, G.2    van Melderen, L.3
  • 7
    • 0030965758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATP-dependent proteases that also chaperone protein biogenesis
    • PMID:9149530
    • Suzuki CK, Rep M, van Dijl JM, Suda K, Grivell LA, Schatz G. ATP-dependent proteases that also chaperone protein biogenesis. Trends Biochem Sci 1997; 22:118-23; PMID:9149530; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0004(97)01020-7
    • (1997) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.22 , pp. 118-123
    • Suzuki, C.K.1    Rep, M.2    van Dijl, J.M.3    Suda, K.4    Grivell, L.A.5    Schatz, G.6
  • 8
    • 0024367265 scopus 로고
    • Londependent regulation of the DNA binding protein HU in Escherichia coli
    • PMID:2682620
    • Bonnefoy E, Almeida A, Rouviere-Yaniv J. Londependent regulation of the DNA binding protein HU in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:7691-5; PMID:2682620; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.20.7691
    • (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.86 , pp. 7691-7695
    • Bonnefoy, E.1    Almeida, A.2    Rouviere-Yaniv, J.3
  • 9
    • 0035448390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of SulA cleavage by Lon protease by the C-terminal amino acid of SulA, histidine
    • PMID:11513747
    • Ishii Y, Amano F. Regulation of SulA cleavage by Lon protease by the C-terminal amino acid of SulA, histidine. Biochem J 2001; 358:473-80; PMID:11513747; http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/0264-6021:3580473
    • (2001) Biochem J , vol.358 , pp. 473-480
    • Ishii, Y.1    Amano, F.2
  • 10
    • 0023131531 scopus 로고
    • Capsule synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 is regulated by proteolysis
    • PMID:3029041
    • Torres-Cabassa AS, Gottesman S. Capsule synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 is regulated by proteolysis. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:981-9; PMID:3029041
    • (1987) J Bacteriol , vol.169 , pp. 981-989
    • Torres-Cabassa, A.S.1    Gottesman, S.2
  • 11
    • 84872241785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial persistence and toxin-antitoxin loci
    • PMID:22994490
    • Gerdes K, Maisonneuve E. Bacterial persistence and toxin-antitoxin loci. Annu Rev Microbiol 2012; 66:103-23; PMID:22994490; http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-092611-150159
    • (2012) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.66 , pp. 103-123
    • Gerdes, K.1    Maisonneuve, E.2
  • 12
    • 0036065408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lon protease functions as a negative regulator of type III protein secretion in Pseudomonas syringae
    • PMID:12123452
    • Bretz J, Losada L, Lisboa K, Hutcheson SW. Lon protease functions as a negative regulator of type III protein secretion in Pseudomonas syringae. Mol Microbiol 2002; 45:397-409; PMID:12123452; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03008.x
    • (2002) Mol Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 397-409
    • Bretz, J.1    Losada, L.2    Lisboa, K.3    Hutcheson, S.W.4
  • 13
    • 0037154428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein aggregation in Escherichia coli: Role of proteases
    • PMID:11886743
    • Rosen R, Biran D, Gur E, Becher D, Hecker M, Ron EZ. Protein aggregation in Escherichia coli: role of proteases. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 207:9-12; PMID:11886743; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11020.x
    • (2002) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.207 , pp. 9-12
    • Rosen, R.1    Biran, D.2    Gur, E.3    Becher, D.4    Hecker, M.5    Ron, E.Z.6
  • 14
    • 0023216021 scopus 로고
    • An increased content of protease La, the lon gene product, increases protein degradation and blocks growth in Escherichia coli
    • PMID:3549709
    • Goff SA, Goldberg AL. An increased content of protease La, the lon gene product, increases protein degradation and blocks growth in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:4508-15; PMID:3549709
    • (1987) J Biol Chem , vol.262 , pp. 4508-4515
    • Goff, S.A.1    Goldberg, A.L.2
  • 15
    • 50049083221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of misfolded proteins by Lon, a AAA+ protease
    • PMID:18708584
    • Gur E, Sauer RT. Recognition of misfolded proteins by Lon, a AAA+ protease. Genes Dev 2008; 22:2267-77; PMID:18708584; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1670908
    • (2008) Genes Dev , vol.22 , pp. 2267-2277
    • Gur, E.1    Sauer, R.T.2
  • 16
    • 0013533949 scopus 로고
    • The product of the lon (capR) gene in Escherichia coli is the ATP-dependent protease, protease La
    • PMID:6458037
    • Chung CH, Goldberg AL. The product of the lon (capR) gene in Escherichia coli is the ATP-dependent protease, protease La. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:4931-5; PMID:6458037; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.78.8.4931
    • (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.78 , pp. 4931-4935
    • Chung, C.H.1    Goldberg, A.L.2
  • 17
    • 33746578414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slicing a protease: Structural features of the ATP-dependent Lon proteases gleaned from investigations of isolated domains
    • PMID:16877706
    • Rotanova TV, Botos I, Melnikov EE, Rasulova F, Gustchina A, Maurizi MR, Wlodawer A. Slicing a protease: structural features of the ATP-dependent Lon proteases gleaned from investigations of isolated domains. Protein Sci 2006; 15:1815-28; PMID:16877706; http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.052069306
    • (2006) Protein Sci , vol.15 , pp. 1815-1828
    • Rotanova, T.V.1    Botos, I.2    Melnikov, E.E.3    Rasulova, F.4    Gustchina, A.5    Maurizi, M.R.6    Wlodawer, A.7
  • 18
    • 0023942606 scopus 로고
    • A bacteriophage T4 gene which functions to inhibit Escherichia coli Lon protease
    • PMID:2838455
    • Skorupski K, Tomaschewski J, Rüger W, Simon LD. A bacteriophage T4 gene which functions to inhibit Escherichia coli Lon protease. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:3016-24; PMID:2838455
    • (1988) J Bacteriol , vol.170 , pp. 3016-3024
    • Skorupski, K.1    Tomaschewski, J.2    Rüger, W.3    Simon, L.D.4
  • 19
    • 84903984586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Lon protease by bacterial lipopolisaccharide (LPS) though inhibition of ATPase
    • Sugiyama N, Minami N, Ishii Y, Amano F. Inhibition of Lon protease by bacterial lipopolisaccharide (LPS) though inhibition of ATPase. Adv. Biosci. Biotechnol 2013; 4:590-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/abb.2013.44077
    • (2013) Adv. Biosci. Biotechnol , vol.4 , pp. 590-598
    • Sugiyama, N.1    Minami, N.2    Ishii, Y.3    Amano, F.4
  • 20
    • 33745850131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the proteasome inhibitor MG262 as a potent ATP-dependent inhibitor of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Lon protease
    • PMID:16819825
    • Frase H, Hudak J, Lee I. Identification of the proteasome inhibitor MG262 as a potent ATP-dependent inhibitor of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Lon protease. Biochemistry 2006; 45:8264-74; PMID:16819825; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi060542e
    • (2006) Biochemistry , vol.45 , pp. 8264-8274
    • Frase, H.1    Hudak, J.2    Lee, I.3
  • 21
    • 33344475818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polyphosphate-lon protease complex in the adaptation of Escherichia coli to amino acid starvation
    • PMID:16495646
    • Kuroda A. A polyphosphate-lon protease complex in the adaptation of Escherichia coli to amino acid starvation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 70:325-31; PMID:16495646; http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.70.325
    • (2006) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem , vol.70 , pp. 325-331
    • Kuroda, A.1
  • 22
    • 0035958678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of inorganic polyphosphate in promoting ribosomal protein degradation by the Lon protease in
    • PMID:11474114
    • Kuroda A, Nomura K, Ohtomo R, Kato J, Ikeda T, Takiguchi N, Ohtake H, Kornberg A. Role of inorganic polyphosphate in promoting ribosomal protein degradation by the Lon protease in E. coli. Science 2001; 293:705-8; PMID:11474114; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1061315
    • (2001) E. Coli. Science , vol.293 , pp. 705-708
    • Kuroda, A.1    Nomura, K.2    Ohtomo, R.3    Kato, J.4    Ikeda, T.5    Takiguchi, N.6    Ohtake, H.7    Kornberg, A.8
  • 23
    • 4544343195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of inorganic polyphosphate on the proteolytic and DNA-binding activities of Lon in Escherichia coli
    • PMID:15187082
    • Nomura K, Kato J, Takiguchi N, Ohtake H, Kuroda A. Effects of inorganic polyphosphate on the proteolytic and DNA-binding activities of Lon in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:34406-10; PMID:15187082; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M404725200
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 34406-34410
    • Nomura, K.1    Kato, J.2    Takiguchi, N.3    Ohtake, H.4    Kuroda, A.5
  • 24
    • 0020093926 scopus 로고
    • DNA stimulates ATP-dependent proteolysis and protein-dependent ATPase activity of protease La from Escherichia coli
    • PMID:6461007
    • Chung CH, Goldberg AL. DNA stimulates ATP-dependent proteolysis and protein-dependent ATPase activity of protease La from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:795-9; PMID:6461007; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.79.3.795
    • (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.79 , pp. 795-799
    • Chung, C.H.1    Goldberg, A.L.2
  • 25
    • 0021212874 scopus 로고
    • DNA-stimulated ATPase activity on the lon (CapR) protein
    • PMID:6325386
    • Charette MF, Henderson GW, Doane LL, Markovitz A. DNA-stimulated ATPase activity on the lon (CapR) protein. J Bacteriol 1984; 158:195-201; PMID:6325386
    • (1984) J Bacteriol , vol.158 , pp. 195-201
    • Charette, M.F.1    Henderson, G.W.2    Doane, L.L.3    Markovitz, A.4
  • 26
    • 84874914744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic diGMP: The first 25 years of a universal bacterial second messenger
    • PMID:23471616
    • Römling U, Galperin MY, Gomelsky M. Cyclic diGMP: the first 25 years of a universal bacterial second messenger. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2013; 77:1-52; PMID:23471616; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00043-12
    • (2013) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev , vol.77 , pp. 1-52
    • Römling, U.1    Galperin, M.Y.2    Gomelsky, M.3
  • 27
    • 79952078501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering a novel c-di-GMP-binding protein for biofilm dispersal
    • PMID:21059164
    • Ma Q, Yang Z, Pu M, Peti W, Wood TK. Engineering a novel c-di-GMP-binding protein for biofilm dispersal. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:631-42; PMID:21059164; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02368.x
    • (2011) Environ Microbiol , vol.13 , pp. 631-642
    • Ma, Q.1    Yang, Z.2    Pu, M.3    Peti, W.4    Wood, T.K.5
  • 29
    • 79960053518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel tetrameric PilZ domain structure from xanthomonads
    • PMID:21760949
    • Li T-N, Chin K-H, Fung K-M, Yang M-T, Wang A-H, Chou S-H. A novel tetrameric PilZ domain structure from xanthomonads. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22036; PMID:21760949; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022036
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Li, T.-N.1    Chin, K.-H.2    Fung, K.-M.3    Yang, M.-T.4    Wang, A.-H.5    Chou, S.-H.6
  • 31
    • 84863611012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the cytoplasmic region of PelD, a degenerate diguanylate cyclase receptor that regulates exopolysaccharide production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • PMID:22605337
    • Whitney JC, Colvin KM, Marmont LS, Robinson H, Parsek MR, Howell PL. Structure of the cytoplasmic region of PelD, a degenerate diguanylate cyclase receptor that regulates exopolysaccharide production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:23582-93; PMID:22605337; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.375378
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , pp. 23582-23593
    • Whitney, J.C.1    Colvin, K.M.2    Marmont, L.S.3    Robinson, H.4    Parsek, M.R.5    Howell, P.L.6
  • 34
    • 84856856090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opposing effects of DNA on proteolysis of a replication initiator
    • PMID:21976729
    • Kubik S, Wegrzyn K, Pierechod M, Konieczny I. Opposing effects of DNA on proteolysis of a replication initiator. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:1148-59; PMID:21976729; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr813
    • (2012) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.40 , pp. 1148-1159
    • Kubik, S.1    Wegrzyn, K.2    Pierechod, M.3    Konieczny, I.4
  • 35
    • 67650863623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connecting quorum sensing, c-di-GMP, pel polysaccharide, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through tyrosine phosphatase TpbA (PA3885)
    • PMID:19543378
    • Ueda A, Wood TK. Connecting quorum sensing, c-di-GMP, pel polysaccharide, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through tyrosine phosphatase TpbA (PA3885). PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000483; PMID:19543378; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000483
    • (2009) PLoS Pathog , vol.5
    • Ueda, A.1    Wood, T.K.2
  • 36
    • 0034145721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of polyphosphate accumulation in bacteria
    • PMID:10739472
    • Kuroda A, Ohtake H. Molecular analysis of polyphosphate accumulation in bacteria. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2000; 65:304-8; PMID:10739472
    • (2000) Biochemistry (Mosc) , vol.65 , pp. 304-308
    • Kuroda, A.1    Ohtake, H.2
  • 37
    • 0031020606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyphosphate kinase as a nucleoside diphosphate kinase in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • PMID:9012801
    • Kuroda A, Kornberg A. Polyphosphate kinase as a nucleoside diphosphate kinase in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:439-42; PMID:9012801; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.2.439
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 439-442
    • Kuroda, A.1    Kornberg, A.2
  • 38
    • 0029121141 scopus 로고
    • Direct correlation between overproduction of guanosine 3′,5′-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) and penicillin tolerance in Escherichia coli
    • PMID:7635809
    • Rodionov DG, Ishiguro EE. Direct correlation between overproduction of guanosine 3′,5′-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) and penicillin tolerance in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1995; 177:4224-9; PMID:7635809
    • (1995) J Bacteriol , vol.177 , pp. 4224-4229
    • Rodionov, D.G.1    Ishiguro, E.E.2
  • 39
    • 78751695365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • cAMP, c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP and now cGMP: Bacteria use them all!
    • PMID:21255104
    • Gomelsky M. cAMP, c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP and now cGMP: bacteria use them all! Mol Microbiol 2011; 79:562-5; PMID:21255104; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07514.x
    • (2011) Mol Microbiol , vol.79 , pp. 562-565
    • Gomelsky, M.1
  • 40
    • 0028110051 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic AMP in ruminal and other anaerobic bacteria
    • PMID:7851742
    • Cotta MA, Wheeler MB, Whitehead TR. Cyclic AMP in ruminal and other anaerobic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994; 124:355-9; PMID:7851742; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07308.x
    • (1994) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.124 , pp. 355-359
    • Cotta, M.A.1    Wheeler, M.B.2    Whitehead, T.R.3
  • 41
    • 58749088368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate concentrations in nucleotide extracts of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    • PMID:19135022
    • Simm R, Morr M, Remminghorst U, Andersson M, Römling U. Quantitative determination of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate concentrations in nucleotide extracts of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2009; 386:53-8; PMID:19135022; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2008.12.013
    • (2009) Anal Biochem , vol.386 , pp. 53-58
    • Simm, R.1    Morr, M.2    Remminghorst, U.3    Andersson, M.4    Römling, U.5
  • 42
    • 72249092095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms mediates phosphodiesterase activity, decreased cyclic di-GMP levels, and enhanced dispersal
    • PMID:19801410
    • Barraud N, Schleheck D, Klebensberger J, Webb JS, Hassett DJ, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S. Nitric oxide signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms mediates phosphodiesterase activity, decreased cyclic di-GMP levels, and enhanced dispersal. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:7333-42; PMID:19801410; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.00975-09
    • (2009) J Bacteriol , vol.191 , pp. 7333-7342
    • Barraud, N.1    Schleheck, D.2    Klebensberger, J.3    Webb, J.S.4    Hassett, D.J.5    Rice, S.A.6    Kjelleberg, S.7
  • 43
    • 79955438013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory role of cardiolipin in the activity of an ATP-dependent protease, Lon, from Escherichia coli
    • PMID:21436141
    • Minami N, Yasuda T, Ishii Y, Fujimori K, Amano F. Regulatory role of cardiolipin in the activity of an ATP-dependent protease, Lon, from Escherichia coli. J Biochem 2011; 149:519-27; PMID:21436141; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvr036
    • (2011) J Biochem , vol.149 , pp. 519-527
    • Minami, N.1    Yasuda, T.2    Ishii, Y.3    Fujimori, K.4    Amano, F.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.