Dose optimization for spinal treatment effectiveness: A randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of high and low mobilization forces in patients with neck pain

Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 141-152

  Snodgrass, Suzanne J ^a   Rivett, Darren A ^a   Sterling, Michele ^b,c   Vicenzino, Bill ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Cervical vertebrae; Manual therapy; Musculoskeletal manipulations; Neck

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NECK PAIN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRESSURE; PROCEDURES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SPINE MANIPULATION; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MANIPULATION, SPINAL; MIDDLE AGED; NECK PAIN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PAIN MEASUREMENT; PRESSURE; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84903952021     PISSN: 01906011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2014.4778     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Allison G, Edmonston S, Kiviniemi K, Lanigan H, Simonsen AV, Walcher S. Influence of standard-ized mobilization on the posteroanterior stiffness of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. Physiother Res Int. 2001;6145-156.
2. Audette I, Dumas JP, Côté JN, De Serres SJ. Validity and between-day reliability of the cervical range of motion (CROM) device. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40318-323. http//dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3180.
3. Bialosky JE, Bishop MD, Cleland JA. Individual expectation an overlooked, but pertinent, factor in the treatment of individuals experiencing musculoskeletal pain. Phys Ther. 2010;901345- 1355. http//dx.doi.org/10.2522/ ptj.20090306.
4. Bialosky JE, Bishop MD, Price DD, Robinson ME, George SZ. The mechanisms of manual therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain a comprehensive model. Man Ther. 2009;14531-538. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.09.001.
5. Bialosky JE, Bishop MD, Robinson ME, Barabas JA, George SZ. The influence of expectation on spinal manipulation induced hypoalgesia an experimental study in normal subjects. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;919. http//dx.doi.org/10. 1186/1471-2474-9-19.
6. Bird SB, Dickson EW. Clinically significant changes in pain along the visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38639-643. http//dx.doi.org/10.1067/ mem.2001.118012.
7. Campbell BD, Snodgrass SJ. The effects of thoracic manipulation on posteroanterior spinal stiffness. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40685-693. http//dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3271.
8. Chen CC, Johnson MI. An investigation into the hypoalgesic effects of high- And low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on experimentally-induced blunt pressure pain in healthy human participants. J Pain. 2010;1153-61. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2009.05.008.
9. Chien A, Sterling M. Sensory hypoaesthesia is a feature of chronic whiplash but not chronic idiopathic neck pain. Man Ther. 2010;1548- 53. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.05.012.
10. Chiu TW, Wright A. To compare the effects of different rates of application of a cervical mo-bilisation technique on sympathetic outflow to the upper limb in normal subjects. Man Ther. 1996;1198-203. http//dx.doi.org/10. 1054/math.1996.0269.
11. Cleland JA, Childs JD, Whitman JM. Psychometric properties of the Neck Disability Index and Numeric Pain Rating Scale in patients with mechanical neck pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;8969-74. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007. 08.126.
12. Colloca CJ, Keller TS. Active trunk extensor contributions to dynamic posteroanterior lumbar spinal stiffness. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004;27229-237. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2003.11.001.
13. Coronado RA, Gay CW, Bialosky JE, Carnaby GD, Bishop MD, George SZ. Changes in pain sensitivity following spinal manipulation a systematic review and meta- Analysis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22752-767. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.12.013.
14. Dunning JR, Cleland JA, Waldrop MA, et al. Upper cervical and upper thoracic thrust manipulation versus nonthrust mobilization in patients with mechanical neck pain a multicenter randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;425-18. http//dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2012.3894.
15. Fernández-Carnero J, La Touche R, Ortega-Santiago R, et al. Short- Term effects of dry needling of active myofascial trigger points in the masseter muscle in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain. 2010;24106-112.
16. Fischer AA. Pressure threshold measurement for diagnosis of myofascial pain and evaluation of treatment results. Clin J Pain. 1986;2207-214. http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002508-198612000-00001.
17. Fritz JM, Koppenhaver SL, Kawchuk GN, Teyhen DS, Hebert JJ, Childs JD. Preliminary investiga- Tion of the mechanisms underlying the effects of manipulation exploration of a multivariate model including spinal stiffness, multifidus recruitment, and clinical findings. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;361772-1781. http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318216337d.
18. Gallagher EJ, Liebman M, Bijur PE. Prospective validation of clinically important changes in pain severity measured on a visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38633-638. http//dx.doi.org/10.1067/mem.2001.118863.
19. González-Iglesias J, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Cleland JA, Alburquerque-Sendín F, Palomeque-del-Cerro L, Méndez-Sánchez R. Inclusion of thoracic spine thrust manipulation into an electro- Therapy/thermal program for the management of patients with acute mechanical neck pain a randomized clinical trial. Man Ther. 2009;14306-313. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.04.006.
20. González-Iglesias J, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Cleland JA, del Rosario Gutiérrez-Vega M. Thoracic spine manipulation for the management of patients with neck pain a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;3920-27. http//dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2009.2914.
21. Goodsell M, Lee M, Latimer J. Short- Term effects of lumbar posteroanterior mobilization in individuals with low-back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23332-342.
22. Gross A, Miller J, D'Sylva J, et al. Manipulation or mobilisation for neck pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010CD004249. http//dx.doi.org/10.1002/ 14651858.CD004249.pub3.
23. Gross AR, Haines T, Goldsmith CH, et al. Knowledge to action a challenge for neck pain treatment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39351-363. http//dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2009.2831.
24. Gross J, Fetto J, Rosen E. Musculoskeletal Examination. 2nd ed. Malden, MA Blackwell Science; 2002.
25. Hancock MJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, McAuley JH. Selecting an appropriate placebo for a trial of spinal manipulative therapy. Aust J Physiother. 2006;52135-138.
26. Heussler JK, Hinchey G, Margiotta E, et al. A double blind randomised trial of low power laser treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52703-706.
27. Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Carroll LJ, et al. The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33S39-S51.
28. Hoppenfeld S. Physical Examination of the Spine and Extremities. New York, NY Appleton- Century-Crofts; 1976.
29. Hurwitz EL, Carragee EJ, van der Velde G, et al.Treatment of neck pain noninvasive interven- Tions results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33S123-S152. http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181644b1d.
30. Irnich D, Behrens N, Molzen H, et al. Randomised trial of acupuncture compared with conventional massage and "sham" laser acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain. BMJ. 2001;3221574-1578. http//dx.doi.org/10. 1136/bmj.322.7302.1574.
31. Jull G. Use of high and low velocity cervical manipulative therapy procedures by Australian manipulative physiotherapists. Aust J Physiother. 2002;48189-193.
32. Kanlayanaphotporn R, Chiradejnant A, Vachalathiti R. Immediate effects of the central posteroanterior mobilization technique on pain and range of motion in patients with mechanical neck pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32622-628. http//dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638280903204716.
33. Kanlayanaphotporn R, Chiradejnant A, Vachalathiti R. The immediate effects of mobilization technique on pain and range of motion in patients presenting with unilateral neck pain a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90187-192. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.017.
34. Kelly AM. Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores vary with gender, age, or cause of pain? Acad Emerg Med. 1998;51086-1090.
35. Krouwel O, Hebron C, Willett E. An investigation into the potential hypoalgesic effects of different amplitudes of PA mobilisations on the lumbar spine as measured by pressure pain thresholds (PPT). Man Ther. 2010;157-12. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.05.013.
36. Latimer J, Lee M, Adams RD. The effects of high and low loading forces on measured values of lumbar stiffness. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21157-163.
37. La Touche R, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Fernández- Carnero J, et al. The effects of manual therapy and exercise directed at the cervical spine on pain and pressure pain sensitivity in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 2009;36644-652. http//dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.01980.x.
38. Lau HM, Wing Chiu TT, Lam TH. The effectiveness of thoracic manipulation on patients with chronic mechanical neck pain - A randomized controlled trial. Man Ther. 2011;16141-147. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.08.003.
39. Lewis C, Khan A, Souvlis T, Sterling M. A randomised controlled study examining the short- Term effects of Strain-Counterstrain treatment on quantitative sensory measures at digitally tender points in the low back. Man Ther. 2010;15536-541. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.05.011.
40. Lewis M, James M, Stokes E, et al. An economic evaluation of three physiotherapy treatments for non-specific neck disorders alongside a randomized trial. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;461701-1708.
41. Magarey ME, Rebbeck T, Coughlan B, Grimmer K, Rivett DA, Refshauge K. Pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine review, revision and new clinical guidelines. Man Ther. 2004;995-108. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2003.12. 002.
42. Maitland GD, Hengeveld E, Banks K, English K. Maitland's Vertebral Manipulation. 7th ed. Phila-delphia, PA Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann; 2005.
43. McLean S, Naish R, Reed L, Urry S, Vicenzino B. A pilot study of the manual force levels required to produce manipulation induced hypoalgesia. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2002;17304-308.
44. Owens EF Jr., DeVocht JW, Wilder DG, Gudavalli MR, Meeker WC. The reliability of a posterior- To- Anterior spinal stiffness measuring system in a population of patients with low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2007;30116-123. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.12.006.
45. Palmer ML, Epler ME. Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Assessment Techniques. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1998.
46. Pentelka L, Hebron C, Shapleski R, Goldshtein I. The effect of increasing sets (within one treatment session) and different set durations (between treatment sessions) of lumbar spine posteroanterior mobilisations on pressure pain thresholds. Man Ther. 2012;17526-530. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2012. 05.009.
47. Potter L, McCarthy C, Oldham J. Algometer reliability in measuring pressure pain threshold over normal spinal muscles to allow quantification of anti-nociceptive treatment effects. int J Osteopath Med. 2006;9113-119.
48. Reid SA, Rivett DA, Katekar MG, Callister R. Sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) are an effective treatment for cervicogenic dizziness. Man Ther. 2008;13357-366. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2007.03.006.
49. Scott D, Jull G, Sterling M. Widespread sensory hypersensitivity is a feature of chronic whiplash- Associated disorder but not chronic idiopathic neck pain. Clin J Pain. 2005;21175-181.
50. Shirley D. Manual therapy and tissue stiffness. In Boyling JD, Jull G, eds. Grieve's Modern Man-ual Therapy The Vertebral Column. 3rd ed. Edinburgh, UK Churchill Livingstone; 2004381-390.
51. Shirley D, Hodges PW, Eriksson AE, Gandevia SC. Spinal stiffness changes throughout the respiratory cycle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;951467-1475. http//dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00939.2002.
52. Snodgrass SJ. Performance of Cervical Spine Mobilisation [thesis]. Callaghan, Australia The University of Newcastle; 2008.
53. Snodgrass SJ, Haskins R, Rivett DA. A structured review of spinal stiffness as a kinesiological outcome of manipulation its measurement and utility in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision-making. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22708-723. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.04.015.
54. Snodgrass SJ, Rhodes HR. Cervical spine posteroanterior stiffness differs with neck position. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22829-834. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.04.014.
55. Snodgrass SJ, Rivett DA, Robertson VJ. Calibration of an instrumented treatment table for measuring manual therapy forces applied to the cervical spine. Man Ther. 2008;13171-179. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2007.04.002.
56. Snodgrass SJ, Rivett DA, Robertson VJ. Manual forces applied during posterior- To- Anterior spinal mobilization a review of the evidence. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2006;29316-329. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2006. 03.006.
57. Snodgrass SJ, Rivett DA, Robertson VJ. Measuring the posteroanterior stiffness of the cervical spine. Man Ther. 2008;13520-528. http//dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.math.2007.07.007.
58. Snodgrass SJ, Rivett DA, Robertson VJ, Stojanovski E. A comparison of cervical spine mobilization forces applied by experienced and novice physiotherapists. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40392-401. http//dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3274.
59. Snodgrass SJ, Rivett DA, Robertson VJ, Stojanovski E. Forces applied to the cervical spine during posteroanterior mobilization. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009;3272-83. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.09.012.
60. Snodgrass SJ, Rivett DA, Robertson VJ, Stojanovski E. Real- Time feedback improves accuracy of manually applied forces during cervical spine mobilisation. Man Ther. 2010;1519-25. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.05. 011.
61. Stamos-Papastamos N, Petty NJ, Williams JM. Changes in bending stiffness and lumbar spine range of movement following lumbar mobilization and manipulation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011;3446-53. http//dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.jmpt.2010.11.006.
62. Stanton T, Kawchuk G. The effect of abdominal stabilization contractions on posteroanterior spinal stiffness. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33694-701. http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e318166e034.
63. Sterling M, Jull G, Wright A. Cervical mobilisation concurrent effects on pain, sympathetic nervous system activity and motor activity. Man Ther. 2001;672-81. http//dx.doi.org/10.1054/math.2000.0378.
64. Sterling M, Pedler A, Chan C, Puglisi M, Vuvan V, Vicenzino B. Cervical lateral glide increases nociceptive flexion reflex threshold but not pressure or thermal pain thresholds in chronic whiplash associated disorders a pilot randomised controlled trial. Man Ther. 2010;15149-153. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.math.2009.09.004.
65. Teys P, Bisset L, Vicenzino B. The initial effects of a Mulligan's mobilization with movement tech-nique on range of movement and pressure pain threshold in pain-limited shoulders. Man Ther. 2008;1337-42. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2006.07.011.
66. Tuttle N, Barrett R, Laakso L. Relation between changes in posteroanterior stiffness and active range of movement of the cervical spine following manual therapy treatment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33E673-E679. http//dx.doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817f93f9.
67. van Wijk G, Veldhuijzen DS. Perspective on diffuse noxious inhibitory controls as a model of endogenous pain modulation in clinical pain syndromes. J Pain. 2010;11408-419. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2009.10.009.
68. Vernon H. The Neck Disability Index state-of- The- Art, 1991-2008. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2008;31491-502. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2008. 08.006.
69. Viner A, Lee M, Adams R. Posteroanterior stiffness in the lumbosacral spine. The correlation between adjacent vertebral levels. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997;222724-2729; discussion 2729-2730.
70. Ware JE Jr., Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30473-483.
71. Willett E, Hebron C, Krouwel O. The initial effects of different rates of lumbar mobilisations on pressure pain thresholds in asymptomatic subjects. Man Ther. 2010;15173-178. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.10.005.