메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 7, 2014, Pages

Infra-population and -community dynamics of the parasites Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, and consequences for honey bee (Apis mellifera) hosts

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; APIS MELLIFERA; ARTICLE; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FOOD INTAKE; FUNGAL REPRODUCTION; FUNGUS SPORE; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INVASIVE SPECIES; LABORATORY TEST; MIXED INFECTION; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; NOSEMA; NOSEMA APIS; NOSEMA CERANAE; PARASITISM; ANIMAL; BEE; EATING; GENETICS; INTESTINE; MICROBIOLOGY; MICROSPORIDIOSIS; PHYSIOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VETERINARY;

EID: 84903762616     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099465     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (67)
  • 2
    • 67349214645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global stock of domesticated honey bees is growing slower than agricultural demand for pollination
    • Aizen MA, Harder LD (2009) The global stock of domesticated honey bees is growing slower than agricultural demand for pollination. Current Biology 19: 915-918.
    • (2009) Current Biology , vol.19 , pp. 915-918
    • Aizen, M.A.1    Harder, L.D.2
  • 4
    • 73749085707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A historical review of managed honey bee populations in Europe and the United States and the factors that may affect them
    • vanEngelsdorp D, Meixner MD (2010) A historical review of managed honey bee populations in Europe and the United States and the factors that may affect them. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103: S80-S95.
    • (2010) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.103
    • VanEngelsdorp, D.1    Meixner, M.D.2
  • 6
    • 0029822555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosema ceranae n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
    • Fries I, Feng F, da Silva A, Slemenda SB, Pieniazek NJ (1996) Nosema ceranae n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). European Journal of Protistology 32: 356-365. (Pubitemid 26380633)
    • (1996) European Journal of Protistology , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 356-365
    • Fries, I.1    Feng, F.2    Da, S.A.3    Slemenda, S.B.4    Pieniazek, N.J.5
  • 8
    • 33748664836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosema ceranae, a new microsporidian parasite in honeybees in Europe
    • Higes M, Martín R, Meana A (2006) Nosema ceranae, a new microsporidian parasite in honeybees in Europe. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 92: 93-95.
    • (2006) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.92 , pp. 93-95
    • Higes, M.1    Martín, R.2    Meana, A.3
  • 9
    • 31944432355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific and sensitive detection of Nosema bombi (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) in bumble bees (Bombus spp.; Hymenoptera: Apidae) by PCR of partial rRNA gene sequences
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.10.012, PII S0022201105002235
    • Klee J, Tay WT, Paxton RJ (2006) Specific and sensitive detection of Nosema bombi (Microsporidia : Nosematidae) in bumble bees (Bombus spp.; Hymenoptera: Apidae) by PCR of partial rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 91: 98-104. (Pubitemid 43188990)
    • (2006) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.91 , Issue.2 , pp. 98-104
    • Klee, J.1    Tek, T.W.2    Paxton, R.J.3
  • 10
    • 38349153257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosema ceranae is a long-present and wide-spread microsporidian infection of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the United States
    • Chen Y, Evans JD, Smith IB, Pettis JS (2008) Nosema ceranae is a long-present and wide-spread microsporidian infection of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 97: 186-188.
    • (2008) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.97 , pp. 186-188
    • Chen, Y.1    Evans, J.D.2    Smith, I.B.3    Pettis, J.S.4
  • 11
    • 33847031777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Nosema ceranae isolate from the honeybee Apis mellifera
    • Huang W-F, Jiang J-H, Wang C-H (2007) A Nosema ceranae isolate from the honeybee Apis mellifera. Apidologie 38: 30-37.
    • (2007) Apidologie , vol.38 , pp. 30-37
    • Huang, W.-F.1    Jiang, J.-H.2    Wang, C.-H.3
  • 12
    • 54849427053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does fumagillin control the recently detected invasive parasite Nosema ceranae in western honey bees (Apis mellifera)?
    • Williams GR, Sampson MA, Shutler D, Rogers REL (2008) Does fumagillin control the recently detected invasive parasite Nosema ceranae in western honey bees (Apis mellifera)? Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 99: 342-344.
    • (2008) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.99 , pp. 342-344
    • Williams, G.R.1    Sampson, M.A.2    Shutler, D.3    Rogers, R.E.L.4
  • 13
    • 33846931395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental infection of Apis mellifera honeybees with Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia)
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jip.2006.11.001, PII S0022201106002187
    • Higes M, García-Palencia P, Martín-Hernaíndez R, Meana A (2007) Experimental infection of Apis mellifera honeybees with Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 94: 211-217. (Pubitemid 46240071)
    • (2007) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 211-217
    • Higes, M.1    Garcia-Palencia, P.2    Martin-Hernandez, R.3    Meana, A.4
  • 14
    • 84862064138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut pathology and responses to the microsporidium Nosema ceranae in the honey bee Apis mellifera
    • Dussaubat C, Brunet JL, Higes M, Colbourne JK, Lopez J, et al. (2012) Gut pathology and responses to the microsporidium Nosema ceranae in the honey bee Apis mellifera. Plos One 7: e37017.
    • (2012) Plos One , vol.7
    • Dussaubat, C.1    Brunet, J.L.2    Higes, M.3    Colbourne, J.K.4    Lopez, J.5
  • 16
    • 62249093798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic stress in the honeybee Apis mellifera from Nosema ceranae infection
    • Mayack C, Naug D (2009) Energetic stress in the honeybee Apis mellifera from Nosema ceranae infection. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 100: 185-188.
    • (2009) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.100 , pp. 185-188
    • Mayack, C.1    Naug, D.2
  • 17
    • 77955773926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasitic infection leads to decline in hemolymph sugar levels in honeybee foragers
    • Mayack C, Naug D (2010) Parasitic infection leads to decline in hemolymph sugar levels in honeybee foragers. Journal of Insect Physiology 56: 1572-1575.
    • (2010) Journal of Insect Physiology , vol.56 , pp. 1572-1575
    • Mayack, C.1    Naug, D.2
  • 19
    • 84863865179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of immune genes of adult honey bee (Apis mellifera) after inoculated by Nosema ceranae
    • Chaimanee V, Chantawannakul P, Chen YP, Evans JD, Pettis JS (2012) Differential expression of immune genes of adult honey bee (Apis mellifera) after inoculated by Nosema ceranae. Journal of Insect Physiology 58: 1090-1095.
    • (2012) Journal of Insect Physiology , vol.58 , pp. 1090-1095
    • Chaimanee, V.1    Chantawannakul, P.2    Chen, Y.P.3    Evans, J.D.4    Pettis, J.S.5
  • 21
    • 77953815337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The German bee monitoring project: A long term study to understand periodically high winter losses of honey bee colonies
    • Genersch E, von der Ohe W, Kaatz H, Schroeder A, Otten C, et al. (2010) The German bee monitoring project: a long term study to understand periodically high winter losses of honey bee colonies. Apidologie 41: 332-352.
    • (2010) Apidologie , vol.41 , pp. 332-352
    • Genersch, E.1    Von Der Ohe, W.2    Kaatz, H.3    Schroeder, A.4    Otten, C.5
  • 22
    • 77952891138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varroa destructor is the main culprit for the death and reduced populations of overwintered honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in Ontario, Canada
    • Guzman-Novoa E, Eccles L, Calvete Y, McGowan J, Kelly PG, et al. (2010) Varroa destructor is the main culprit for the death and reduced populations of overwintered honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in Ontario, Canada. Apidologie 41: 443-450.
    • (2010) Apidologie , vol.41 , pp. 443-450
    • Guzman-Novoa, E.1    Eccles, L.2    Calvete, Y.3    McGowan, J.4    Kelly, P.G.5
  • 23
    • 84884225667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative evidence for effects of genetic origin of bees on Nosema ceranae, positive evidence for effects of Nosema ceranae on bees
    • Villa JD, Bourgeois AL, Danka RG (2013) Negative evidence for effects of genetic origin of bees on Nosema ceranae, positive evidence for effects of Nosema ceranae on bees. Apidologie 44: 511-518.
    • (2013) Apidologie , vol.44 , pp. 511-518
    • Villa, J.D.1    Bourgeois, A.L.2    Danka, R.G.3
  • 24
    • 77950521224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects at Nearctic north-temperate latitudes of indoor versus outdoor overwintering on the microsporidium Nosema ceranae and western honey bees (Apis mellifera)
    • Williams GR, Shutler D, Rogers REL (2010) Effects at Nearctic north-temperate latitudes of indoor versus outdoor overwintering on the microsporidium Nosema ceranae and western honey bees (Apis mellifera) . Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 104: 4-7.
    • (2010) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.104 , pp. 4-7
    • Williams, G.R.1    Shutler, D.2    Rogers, R.E.L.3
  • 25
    • 80054709750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microsporidian Nosema ceranae, the antibiotic Fumagilin-B (R), and western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony strength
    • Williams GR, Shutler D, Little CM, Burgher-MacLellan KL, Rogers REL (2011) The microsporidian Nosema ceranae, the antibiotic Fumagilin-B (R), and western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony strength. Apidologie 42: 15-22.
    • (2011) Apidologie , vol.42 , pp. 15-22
    • Williams, G.R.1    Shutler, D.2    Little, C.M.3    Burgher-MacLellan, K.L.4    Rogers, R.E.L.5
  • 26
    • 38349101321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First detection of Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite of European honey bees (Apis mellifera), in Canada and central USA
    • Williams GR, Shafer ABA, Rogers REL, Shutler D, Stewart DT (2008) First detection of Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite of European honey bees (Apis mellifera), in Canada and central USA. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 97: 189-192.
    • (2008) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.97 , pp. 189-192
    • Williams, G.R.1    Shafer, A.B.A.2    Rogers, R.E.L.3    Shutler, D.4    Stewart, D.T.5
  • 28
    • 84857058849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation and widespread dispersal of Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera apiaries from Argentina
    • Medici SK, Sarlo EG, Porrini MP, Braunstein M, Eguaras MJ (2012) Genetic variation and widespread dispersal of Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera apiaries from Argentina. Parasitology Research 110: 859-864.
    • (2012) Parasitology Research , vol.110 , pp. 859-864
    • Medici, S.K.1    Sarlo, E.G.2    Porrini, M.P.3    Braunstein, M.4    Eguaras, M.J.5
  • 29
    • 77951574501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year cohort study of Nosema spp. In Germany: Does climate shape virulence and assertiveness of Nosema ceranae?
    • Gisder S, Hedtke K, Mockel N, Frielitz MC, Linde A, et al. (2010) Five-year cohort study of Nosema spp. in Germany: does climate shape virulence and assertiveness of Nosema ceranae? Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76: 3032-3038.
    • (2010) Applied and Environmental Microbiology , vol.76 , pp. 3032-3038
    • Gisder, S.1    Hedtke, K.2    Mockel, N.3    Frielitz, M.C.4    Linde, A.5
  • 31
    • 77950675074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between Nosema microspores and a neonicotinoid weaken honeybees (Apis mellifera)
    • Alaux C, Brunet JL, Dussaubat C, Mondet F, Tchamitchan S, et al. (2010) Interactions between Nosema microspores and a neonicotinoid weaken honeybees (Apis mellifera) . Environmental Microbiology 12: 774-782.
    • (2010) Environmental Microbiology , vol.12 , pp. 774-782
    • Alaux, C.1    Brunet, J.L.2    Dussaubat, C.3    Mondet, F.4    Tchamitchan, S.5
  • 33
    • 80054106735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative correlation between Nosema ceranae spore loads and deformed wing virus infection levels in adult honey bee workers
    • Costa C, Tanner G, Lodesani M, Maistrello L, Neumann P (2011) Negative correlation between Nosema ceranae spore loads and deformed wing virus infection levels in adult honey bee workers. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 108: 224-225.
    • (2011) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.108 , pp. 224-225
    • Costa, C.1    Tanner, G.2    Lodesani, M.3    Maistrello, L.4    Neumann, P.5
  • 34
    • 84859736682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasiteinsecticide interactions: A case study of Nosema ceranae and fipronil synergy on honeybee
    • Aufauvre J, Biron DG, Vidau C, Fontbonne R, Roudel M, et al. (2012) Parasiteinsecticide interactions: a case study of Nosema ceranae and fipronil synergy on honeybee. Scientific Reports 2: 326.
    • (2012) Scientific Reports , vol.2 , pp. 326
    • Aufauvre, J.1    Biron, D.G.2    Vidau, C.3    Fontbonne, R.4    Roudel, M.5
  • 35
    • 84880838194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crop pollination exposes honey bees to pesticides which alters their susceptibility to the gut pathogen Nosema ceranae
    • Pettis JS, Lichtenberg EM, Andree M, Stitzinger J, Rose R, et al. (2013) Crop pollination exposes honey bees to pesticides which alters their susceptibility to the gut pathogen Nosema ceranae. Plos One 8: e70182.
    • (2013) Plos One , vol.8
    • Pettis, J.S.1    Lichtenberg, E.M.2    Andree, M.3    Stitzinger, J.4    Rose, R.5
  • 37
    • 0036435262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of mixed infection of three species of microsporidia isolated from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00155-6, PII S0022201102001556
    • Solter LF, Siegel JP, Pilarska DK, Higgs MC (2002) The impact of mixed infection of three species of microsporidia isolated from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 81: 103-113. (Pubitemid 35371644)
    • (2002) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-113
    • Solter, L.F.1    Siegel, J.P.2    Pilarska, D.K.3    Higgs, M.C.4
  • 38
    • 77956786747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of duplex real-time PCR with melting-curve analysis for detecting the microsporidian parasites Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera
    • Burgher-MacLellan KL, Williams GR, Shutler D, MacKenzie K, Rogers REL (2010) Optimization of duplex real-time PCR with melting-curve analysis for detecting the microsporidian parasites Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera. Canadian Entomologist 142: 271-283.
    • (2010) Canadian Entomologist , vol.142 , pp. 271-283
    • Burgher-MacLellan, K.L.1    Williams, G.R.2    Shutler, D.3    MacKenzie, K.4    Rogers, R.E.L.5
  • 39
    • 79953786422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and infection intensity of Nosema in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in Virginia
    • Traver BE, Fell RD (2011) Prevalence and infection intensity of Nosema in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in Virginia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 107: 43-49.
    • (2011) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.107 , pp. 43-49
    • Traver, B.E.1    Fell, R.D.2
  • 40
    • 0002685291 scopus 로고
    • Nosema apis - A parasite in the honey bee colony
    • Fries I (1993) Nosema apis - a parasite in the honey bee colony. Bee World 74: 5-19.
    • (1993) Bee World , vol.74 , pp. 5-19
    • Fries, I.1
  • 44
    • 78649555417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasitic mites and microsporidians in managed western honey bee colonies on the island of Newfoundland, Canada
    • Williams GR, Head K, Burgher-MacLellan KL, Rogers REL, Shutler D (2010) Parasitic mites and microsporidians in managed western honey bee colonies on the island of Newfoundland, Canada. Canadian Entomologist 142: 584-588.
    • (2010) Canadian Entomologist , vol.142 , pp. 584-588
    • Williams, G.R.1    Head, K.2    Burgher-MacLellan, K.L.3    Rogers, R.E.L.4    Shutler, D.5
  • 45
    • 39549106871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosema ceranae has infected Apis mellifera in Europe since at least 1998 and may be more virulent than Nosema apis
    • DOI 10.1051/apido:2007037
    • Paxton RJ, Klee J, Korpela S, Fries I (2007) Nosema ceranae has infected Apis mellifera in Europe since at least 1998 and may be more virulent than Nosema apis. Apidologie 38: 558-565. (Pubitemid 351282136)
    • (2007) Apidologie , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 558-565
    • Paxton, R.J.1    Klee, J.2    Korpela, S.3    Fries, I.4
  • 46
    • 77953138713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative virulence of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis in individual European honey bees
    • Forsgren E, Fries I (2010) Comparative virulence of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis in individual European honey bees. Veterinary Parasitology 170: 212-217.
    • (2010) Veterinary Parasitology , vol.170 , pp. 212-217
    • Forsgren, E.1    Fries, I.2
  • 47
    • 80052312454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the energetic stress associated with experimental Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis infection of honeybees (Apis mellifera)
    • Martin-Hernandez R, Botias C, Barrios L, Martinez-Salvador A, Meana A, et al. (2011) Comparison of the energetic stress associated with experimental Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis infection of honeybees (Apis mellifera). Parasitology Research 109: 605-612.
    • (2011) Parasitology Research , vol.109 , pp. 605-612
    • Martin-Hernandez, R.1    Botias, C.2    Barrios, L.3    Martinez-Salvador, A.4    Meana, A.5
  • 48
    • 84873704777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative development and tissue tropism of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae
    • Huang WF, Solter LF (2013) Comparative development and tissue tropism of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 113: 35-41.
    • (2013) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.113 , pp. 35-41
    • Huang, W.F.1    Solter, L.F.2
  • 50
    • 0030998164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High humidity in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) brood nest limits reproduction of the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud.
    • DOI 10.1007/s001140050382
    • Kraus B, Velthuis HHW (1997) High humidity in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L) brood nest limits reproduction of the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud. Naturwissenschaften 84: 217-218. (Pubitemid 27238972)
    • (1997) Naturwissenschaften , vol.84 , Issue.5 , pp. 217-218
    • Kraus, B.1    Velthuis, H.H.W.2
  • 51
    • 84875407104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard methods for maintaining adult Apis mellifera in cages under in vitro laboratory conditions
    • 52.51.04
    • Williams GR, Alaux C, Costa C, Csaki T, Doublet V, et al. (2013) Standard methods for maintaining adult Apis mellifera in cages under in vitro laboratory conditions. Journal of Apicultural Research 52: 52.51.04.
    • (2013) Journal of Apicultural Research , vol.52
    • Williams, G.R.1    Alaux, C.2    Costa, C.3    Csaki, T.4    Doublet, V.5
  • 52
    • 0003354836 scopus 로고
    • Standard methods for counting Nosema spores
    • Cantwell GE (1970) Standard methods for counting Nosema spores. American Bee Journal 110: 222-223.
    • (1970) American Bee Journal , vol.110 , pp. 222-223
    • Cantwell, G.E.1
  • 56
    • 64249122752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic characterization of Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite isolated from the European honey bee, Apis mellifera
    • Chen YP, Evans JD, Murphy C, Gutell R, Zuker M, et al. (2009) Morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic characterization of Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite isolated from the European honey bee, Apis mellifera. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 56: 142-147.
    • (2009) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology , vol.56 , pp. 142-147
    • Chen, Y.P.1    Evans, J.D.2    Murphy, C.3    Gutell, R.4    Zuker, M.5
  • 57
    • 37049028092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of infective Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) spores in corbicular pollen of forager honeybees
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jip.2007.06.002, PII S0022201107001255
    • Higes M, Martin-Hernandez R, Garrido-Bailon E, Garcia-Palencia P, Meana A (2008) Detection of infective Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) spores in corbicular pollen of forager honeybees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 97: 76-78. (Pubitemid 350245505)
    • (2008) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 76-78
    • Higes, M.1    Martin-Hernandez, R.2    Garrido-Bailon, E.3    Garcia-Palencia, P.4    Meana, A.5
  • 58
    • 84878310424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Nosema apis and N. Ceranae in honeybee bottom scraps and frass in naturally infected hives
    • Copley TR, Giovenazzo P, Jabaji SH (2012) Detection of Nosema apis and N. ceranae in honeybee bottom scraps and frass in naturally infected hives. Apidologie 43: 753-760.
    • (2012) Apidologie , vol.43 , pp. 753-760
    • Copley, T.R.1    Giovenazzo, P.2    Jabaji, S.H.3
  • 60
    • 0000035058 scopus 로고
    • Infectivity and multiplication of Nosema apis Z. in the ventriculus of the honey bee
    • Fries I (1988) Infectivity and multiplication of Nosema apis Z. in the ventriculus of the honey bee. Apidologie 19: 319-328.
    • (1988) Apidologie , vol.19 , pp. 319-328
    • Fries, I.1
  • 61
    • 84862777932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticide exposure in honey bees results in increased levels of the gut pathogen Nosema
    • Pettis JS, vanEngelsdorp D, Johnson J, Dively G (2012) Pesticide exposure in honey bees results in increased levels of the gut pathogen Nosema. Naturwissenschaften 99: 153-158.
    • (2012) Naturwissenschaften , vol.99 , pp. 153-158
    • Pettis, J.S.1    VanEngelsdorp, D.2    Johnson, J.3    Dively, G.4
  • 62
  • 63
    • 0032142899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a functional explanation for the occurrence of anorexia during parasitic infections
    • DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0761
    • Kyriazakis I, Tolkamp BJ, Hutchings MR (1998) Towards a functional explanation for the occurrence of anorexia during parasitic infections. Animal Behaviour 56: 265-274. (Pubitemid 28398015)
    • (1998) Animal Behaviour , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-274
    • Kyriazakis, I.1    Tolkamp, B.J.2    Hutchings, M.R.3
  • 64
    • 12744262741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary ecology of insect immune defenses
    • Schmid-Hempel P (2005) Evolutionary ecology of insect immune defenses. Annual Review of Entomology 50: 529-551.
    • (2005) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.50 , pp. 529-551
    • Schmid-Hempel, P.1
  • 65
    • 31944451549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete rRNA gene sequences reveal that the microsporidium Nosema bombi infects diverse bumblebee (Bombus spp.) hosts and contains multiple polymorphic sites
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00057.x
    • Tay WT, O'Mahony EM, Paxton RJ (2005) Complete rRNA gene sequences reveal that the microsporidium Nosema bombi infects diverse bumblebee (Bombus spp.) hosts and contains multiple polymorphic sites. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52: 505-513. (Pubitemid 44044696)
    • (2005) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology , vol.52 , Issue.6 , pp. 505-513
    • Tay, W.T.1    O'Mahony, E.M.2    Paxton, R.J.3
  • 67
    • 84982352399 scopus 로고
    • Association of viruses with two protozoal pathogens of the honey bee
    • Bailey L, Ball BV, Perry JN (1983) Association of viruses with two protozoal pathogens of the honey bee. Annals of Applied Biology 103: 13-20.
    • (1983) Annals of Applied Biology , vol.103 , pp. 13-20
    • Bailey, L.1    Ball, B.V.2    Perry, J.N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.