Helping victims of intimate partner violence: The influence of group norms among lay people and the police

Psychology of Violence

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 334-347

  Baldry, Anna Costanza ^a   Pagliaro, Stefano ^a  

^a SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

Helping behavior; In group norms; Intimate partner violence; Morality; Social identity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84903748767     PISSN: 21520828     EISSN: 2152081X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0034844     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Aquino, K., Freeman, D., Reed, A. I. I., Lim, V. K. G., & Felps, W. (2009). Testing a social- cognitive model of moral behavior: The interactive influence of situations and moral identity centrality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 123-141. doi:10.1037/a0015406
2. Baldry, A. C. (1996). Rape victims' risk of secondary victimization by police officers. Issues in Criminology and Legal Psychology, 25, 65-68.
3. Baldry, A. C., Pagliaro, S., & Porcaro, C. (2013). The rule of law in a time of masculine honor: Afghan police attitudes on intimate partner violence. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 16, 363-374. doi:10.1177/1368430212462492
4. Baldry, A. C., & Winkel, F. W. (2003). Direct and vicarious victimization at school and at home as risk factors for suicidal cognition among Italian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 703-716. doi:10.1016/j. adolescence.2003.07.002
5. Baldry, A. C., & Winkel, F. W. (2008). Intimate partner violence in Italy and risk assessment: The implementation of the SARA, Screening Version. In A. C. Baldry & F. W. Winkel (Eds.), Intimate partner violence prevention and intervention: The risk assessment and management approach (pp. 83-105). Hauppauge, NY: NOVA Science.
6. Banyard, V. L. (2008). Measurement and correlates of prosocial bystander behavior: The case of interpersonal violence. Violence and Victims, 23, 83-97. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.23.1.83
7. Banyard, V. L. (2011). Who will help prevent sexual violence: Creating an ecological model of bystander intervention. Psychology of Violence, 1, 216-229. doi:10.1037/a0023739
8. Banyard, V. L., & Moynihan, M. M. (2011). Variation in bystander behavior related to sexual and intimate partner violence prevention. Psychology of Violence, 1, 287-301. doi:10.1037/a0023544
9. Barreto, M., & Ellemers, N. (2000). You can't always do what you want: Social identity and selfpresentational determinants of the choice to work for a low-status group. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 891-906. doi:10.1177/01461672002610001
10. Bettencourt, B. A., & Hume, D. (1999). The cognitive contents of social-group identity: Values, emotions, and relationships. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 113-121. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199902)29:1-113:: AID-EJSP911-3.0.CO;2-G
11. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513-531. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513
12. Bronfenbrenner, U. (Ed.). (2005). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
13. Brown, A. L., & Messman-Moore, T. L. (2010). Personal and perceived peer attitudes supporting sexual aggression as predictors of male college students' willingness to intervene against sexual aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 503-517. doi:10.1177/0886260509334400
14. Bryant, S. A., & Spencer, G. A. (2003). University students' attitudes about attributing blame in domestic violence. Journal of Family Violence, 18, 369-376. doi:10.1023/A:1026205817132
15. Campbell, J. C., Webster, D., Koziol-McLain, J., Block, C., Campbell, D., Curry, M. A., . . . & Laughon, K. (2003). Risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships: Results from a multisite case control study. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1089-1097. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.7.1089
16. Ellemers, N., Pagliaro, S., Barreto, M., & Leach, C. W. (2008). Is it better to be moral than smart? The effects of morality and competence norms on the decision to work at group status improvement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1397-1410. doi:10.1037/a0012628
17. Fabiano, P. M., Perkins, H. W., Berkowitz, A., Linkenbach, J., & Stark, C. (2003). Engaging men as social justice allies in ending violence against women: Evidence for a social norms approach. Journal of American College Health, 52, 105-112. doi:10.1080/07448480309595732
18. Frantzen, D., & San Miguel, C. (2009). Mandatory arrest? Police response to domestic violence victims. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 32, 319-337. doi:10.1108/13639510910958208
19. Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56, 109-118. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.2.109
20. Karakashian, L. M., Walter, M. I., Christopher, A. N., & Lucas, T. (2006). Fear of negative evaluation affects helping behavior: The bystander effect revisited. North American Journal of Psychology, 8, 13-32.
21. Kelly, J. G. (2006). Becoming ecological: An expedition into community psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/ 9780195173796.001.0001
22. Kilpatrick, D. G. (2004). What is violence against women? Defining and measuring the problem. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 1209-1234. doi:10.1177/0886260504269679
23. Kropp, P. R., & Hart, S. D. (2000). The Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA) guide. Law and Human Behavior, 24, 101-118. doi:10.1023/A:1005430904495
24. Latané, B., & Darley, J. M. (1970). The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn't he help? New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
25. Leach, C. W., Ellemers, N., & Barreto, M. (2007). Group virtue: The importance of morality (vs. competence and sociability) in the positive evaluation of in-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 234-249. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.234
26. Lee, J., Zhang, Y., & Hoover, L. T. (2013). Police response to domestic violence: Multilevel factors of arrest decision. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 36, 157-174. doi:10.1108/13639511311302524
27. Levine, M., Prosser, A., Evans, D., & Reicher, S. (2005). Identity and emergency intervention: How social group membership and inclusiveness of group boundaries shape helping behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 443-453. doi:10.1177/0146167204271651
28. Levine, M., & Thompson, K. (2004). Identity, place, and bystander intervention: Social categories and helping after natural disasters. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 229-245. doi:10.3200/SOCP.144.3.229-245
29. McMahon, S., & Banyard, V. L. (2012). When can I help? A conceptual framework for the prevention of sexual violence through bystanders. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 13, 3-14. doi:10.1177/1524838011426015
30. Pagliaro, S. (2012). On the relevance of morality in social psychology: An introduction to a virtual special issue. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 400-405. doi:10.1002/ejsp.1840
31. Pagliaro, S., Ellemers, N., & Barreto, M. (2011). Sharing moral values: Anticipated in-group respect as a determinant of adherence to morality-based (but not competence-based) group norms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1117-1129. doi:10.1177/0146167211406906
32. Phillips, S. W., & Sobol, J. J. (2010). Twenty years of mandatory arrest police decision making in the face of legal requirements. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 21, 98-118. doi:10.1177/0887403408322962
33. Schwartz, M. D., & DeKeseredy, W. S. (1997). Sexual assault on the college campus: The role of male peer support. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
34. Sherif, M. (1966). The psychology of social norms. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
35. Sherman, L. W., Schmidt, J. D., & Rogan, D. P. (1992). Policing domestic violence: Experiments and dilemmas. New York, NY: Free Press.
36. Sherman, S. L., & Berk, R. A. (1984). The specific deterrent effects of arrest for domestic assault. American Sociological Review, 49, 261-263.
37. Skowronski, J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1987). Social judgment and social memory: The role of cue diagnosticity in negativity, positivity, and extremity biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 689-699. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.4.689
38. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33- 47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
39. Taylor, C. A., & Sorenson, S. B. (2005). Communitybased norms about intimate partner violence: Putting attributions of fault and responsibility into context. Sex Roles, 53, 573-589. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-7143-7
40. Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1985). Masculinity inhibits helping in emergencies: Personality does predict the bystander effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 420-428. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.2.420
41. Turner, J. C. (1991). Social influence. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.