The 'rhinofication' of South African security

International Affairs

Volumn 90, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 795-818

  Humphreys, Jasper ^a   Smith, M L R ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84903742547     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: 14682346     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2346.12141     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. 'South Africa: 633 rhinos poached this year', Associated Press, 19 Dec. 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost. com/2012/12/19/south-africa-rhinos-poaching_n_2328564.html, accessed 14 May 2014.
2. Adam Welz, 'The war on African poaching: is militarization fated to fail?', Yale Environment 360, 13 Aug. 2013, http://e360.yale.edu/feature/the_war_on_african_poaching_is_militarization_fated_to_fail/2679/, accessed 19 May 2014.
3. South African National Parks, media release, 'SANParks enlists retired army general to command anti-poaching', 12 Dec. 2012, http://www.sanparks.org/about/news/default.php?id=55388, accessed 14 May 2014.
4. John Gambrell, 'Rhino poaching in South Africa on the rise', Associated Press, 28 Nov. 2012, http://www. huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/28/rhino-poaching-south-africa_n_2202431.html, accessed 14 May 2014.
5. Donna Bryson, 'Rhino dies during anti-poaching efforts in South Africa', Associated Press, 10 April 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/09/rhino-dies-poaching_n_1265581.html, accessed 14 May 2014
6. Jon Herskovitz, 'Despite armed guards, Africa's rhinos losing battle to poachers', Reuters, 11 April 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/11/us-safrica-rhinos-idUSBRE93A0WP20130411, accessed 14 May 2014.
7. Donna Bryson, 'South Africa rhino poaching: funds raised to fight animal deaths', Associated Press, 2 Dec. 2011, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/02/south-africa-rhino-poaching_n_1125498. html, accessed 14 May 2014.
8. Coalition Against Wildlife Trafficking, 'Illegal wildlife trade', http://www.cawtglobal.org/wildlife-crime/, accessed 14 May 2014.
9. David Braun, 'US pursues global strategy to end trafficking in wildlife', National Geographic, 8 Nov. 2012, http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/11/08/u-s-pursues-global-strategy-to-endtrafficking-in-wildlife/, accessed 14 May 2014.
10. 'Latest rhino poaching statistics', Wilderness Foundation, http://www.wildernessfoundation.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98: latest-rhino-poaching-statistics&catid=2:news&Itemid=18, accessed 14 May 2014.
11. Derek Gregory, 'The individuation of warfare?', Geographical Imaginations, 26 Aug. 2013, http://geographicalimaginations. com/2013/08/26/the-individuation-of-warfare, accessed 14 May 2014.
12. 'Rhino poaching death toll soars across South Africa', Environment News Service, 14 Jan. 2013, http://ensnewswire. com/2013/01/14/rhino-poaching-death-toll-soars-across-south-africa/, accessed 27 Oct. 2013.
13. 'South Africa's Marikana mine closed by "intimidation"', BBC News Africa, 27 Aug. 2012, http://www. bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19388584, accessed 27 Oct. 2013;
14. Kwanale Sosibo, 'NUM: lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified', Mail and Guardian, 22 Oct. 2012.
15. Aislin Lang, 'Police "lied about Marikana mining massacre"', Daily Telegraph, 19 Sept. 2013.
16. 'Central African Republic rebels halt advance on Bangui', BBC News Africa, 2 Jan. 2013, http://www.bbc. co.uk/news/world-africa-20889136, accessed 27 Oct. 2013.
17. Charles Molele and Shardra Naidoo, 'Zuma declares war on ANC's "demon of factionalism"', Mail and Guardian, 8 Jan. 2013, http://mg.co.za/article/2012-01-08-zuma-speaks-of-ancs-future-at-centenarycelebrations, accessed 27 Oct. 2013;
18. Moipone Malefane, 'Factionalism-hit ANC seeks to reposition itself ', Sowetan Live, 11 April 2013, http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2012/04/11/factionalism-hit-anc-seeks-toreposition-itself, accessed 27 Oct. 2013.
19. Peter Vale, Politics in South Africa: the regional dimension (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2003)
20. Geoffrey Mwakikagile, African immigrants in South Africa (Pretoria: New Africa Press, 2008), p. 41.
21. Anne L. Clunan and Harold A. Trinkunas, eds, Ungoverned spaces: alternatives to state authority in an era of softened sovereignty (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010).
22. Angela Rabasa and John E. Peters, 'Dimensions of ungovernability', in Angela Rabasa, Steven Boraz, Peter Chalk, Kim Cragin, Theodore W. Karasik, Jennifer D. P. Moroney, Kevin A. O'Brien and John E. Peters, Ungoverned territories: understanding and reducing terrorism risks (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2007), pp. 7-13.
23. John Herskovitz and Ed Stoddard, 'South Africa rhino poaching hits new record in 2012', Reuters, 12 Dec. 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/27/south-africa-rhino-poaching-2012_n_2369000.html, accessed 14 May 2014.
24. Aislinn Laing, 'Futile slaughter of Kenyan elephants and how Britain is now fighting back', Daily Telegraph, 10 Nov. 2013.
25. Dan Henk, 'Biodiversity and the military in Botswana', Armed Forces and Society 32: 2, 2006, pp. 273-91.
26. Malcolm Draper, 'Zen and the art of garden province maintenance: the soft intimacy of hard men in the wilderness of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 1952-1997', Journal of South African Studies 24: 4, 1998, p. 821.
27. Malcolm Draper, 'Zen and the art of garden province maintenance', p. 817.
28. Jonathan Leake, 'SAS veterans to join new war on poachers', Sunday Times, 21 March 2010
29. March Aislinn Laing, 'Drones join war on rhino poachers in South Africa', Daily Telegraph, 27 May 2013.
30. Jasper Humphreys and M. L. R. Smith, 'War and wildlife: the Clausewitz connection', International Affairs 87: 1, Jan. 2011, pp. 121-42.
31. Vanda Felbab-Brown, 'The illegal trade in wildlife in Southeast Asia and its links to East Asian markets', in Pierre-Arnoud Chouvy, An atlas of trafficking in Southeast Asia (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013), pp. 137-54.
32. 'Trophy hunting rhinos adding to vast poaching problem', 31 Oct. 2011, http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/ news/trophy-hunt-rhino.html#cr2011m, accessed 14 May 2014.
33. http://animal.discovery.com/tv-shows/battleground-rhino-wars, accessed 14 May 2014.
34. Julian Rademeyer, Killing for profit: exposing the illegal rhino horn trade (Cape Town: Zebra Press, 2012)
35. Deon Meyer, Trackers, trans. K. L. Seegers (London: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2011).
36. Darren Taylor, 'Iraq war veteran battles rhino poachers in Africa: special forces operative teaches military tactics to wildlife rangers', Voice of America, 29 Jan. 2012, http://www.voanews.com/content/iraq-warveteran-battles-rhino-poachers-in-africa-138338229/159563.html, accessed 14 May 2014.
37. 'Rhino wars: taking down the bad guys', Battleground: rhino wars, Animal Planet, http://animal.discovery.com/ v-shows/battleground-rhino-wars, 19 Feb. 2013;
38. 'Military experts fight brutal poachers in Battleground: Rhino Wars', Philstar.com, 6 June 2013, http://www.philstar.com/breaking-news/2013/06/06/950849/militaryexperts-fight-brutal-poachers-battleground-rhino-wars;
39. Leon Marshall, 'South Africa regroups on war on rhino poachers', National Geographic News Watch, 6 Aug. 2013, http://newswatch.nationalgeographic. com/2013/08/06/south-africa-regroups-in-war-on-rhino-horn-poachers/; all accessed 14 May 2014.
40. Peroshni Govender, 'South Africa charges Congo rebels with planning coup', Reuters, 7 Feb. 2013, http:// www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/07/us-safrica-congo-idUSBRE9160RP20130207, accessed 14 May 2014.
41. Ivan Broadhead, 'Rhinos threatened by SAF ranger strike', Voice of America, 6 Feb. 2012, http://www. voanews.com/content/rhinos-threatened-by-saf-ranger-strike-138848174/151697.html, accessed 14 May 2014.
42. M. E. Kumleben, Report of the commission of inquiry into the alleged smuggling of and illegal trade in ivory and rhinoceros horn in South Africa (Durban: The Commission, Jan. 1996), esp. pp. 74-131.
43. Ros Reeve and Stephen Ellis, 'An insider's account of the South African security forces' role in the ivory trade', Journal of African Studies 13: 3, 1995, pp. 227-47.
44. De Wet Potgeiter, 'South African war veteran links SADF to Unita ivory slaughter', Sunday Times (South Africa), 28 Oct. 1989.
45. Stephen Ellis, 'Of elephants and men: politics and nature conservation in South Africa', Journal of Southern African Studies 20: 1, 1994, p. 58.
46. Stephen Ellis, 'The historical significance of South Africa's third force', Journal of Southern African Studies 24: 2, 1998, pp. 261-99.
47. Tom Milliken and Jo Shaw, with contributions from Richard H. Emslie, Russell D. Taylor and Chris Turton, The South African-Viet Nam rhino trade nexus: a deadly combination of institutional lapses, corrupt wildlife industry professionals and Asian crime syndicates (Johannesburg: TRAFFIC, 2012), p. 87.
48. 'Zuma replaces seven ministers in reshuffle', Mail and Guardian, 31 Oct. 2010, http://mg.co.za/article/2010-10-31-zuma-replaces-seven-ministers-in-cabinet-reshuffle, accessed 19 May 2014.
49. Keynote address by Minister Buyelwa Sonjica, MP, South African Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs, at the Minister's Rhino Summit, Reserve Bank Conference, South African Government Information, 5 Oct. 2010, https://www.environment.gov.za/speech/sonjica_rhinosummitreserve_bankconference, accessed 19 May 2014.
50. Graham Boynton, 'Illegal poaching and the endangered rhino', Condé Nast Traveller, Jan. 2013, http://www. cntraveler.com/ecotourism/2013/01/illegal-hunting-african-endangered-rhinos-graham-boynton, accessed 14 May 2014.
51. 'SANParks corporate investigation services', South African National Parks, http://www.sanparks.org/conservation/ investigations/, accessed 14 May 2014.
52. 'Zululand anti-poaching wing (Zap-Wing)', Project Rhino KZN, http://www.projectrhinokzn.org/, accessed 19 May 2014.
53. See http://www.ewt.org.za/programmes/Rhino/Contact%20details%20Priority%20Wildlife%20Crime%20 Investigators%20Feb%2014.pdf, accessed 19 May 2014.
54. 'Africa regional programmes', International Rhino Foundation (2013), http://www.rhinos.org/africa-regionalprograms, accessed 14 May 2014.
55. INTERPOL, 'INTERPOL's largest operation combating illegal ivory trafficking targets criminal syndicates', media release, 19 June 2012, http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2012/ PR049, accessed 14 May 2014.
56. Department of Defence (Republic of South Africa), 'Moves against rhino poachers are starting to bear fruit' (2013), http://www.dod.mil.za/operations/poaching/rhino.htm, accessed 14 May 2014.
57. South African National Parks, 'SANParks Corporate Investigation Services (CIS)', http://www.sanparks. org/conservation/investigations/, accessed 14 May 2014.
58. 'South Africa wages war on ruthless rhinoceros poachers', Guardian, 16 Nov. 2010, http://www.theguardian. com/environment/2010/nov/16/south-africa-war-on-poachers, accessed 19 May 2014.
59. Kim Helfrich, 'More "militaristic" approach to Kruger poaching problem', DefenceWeb: Africa's defence and security newsportal, 4 Feb. 2013, http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view &id=29312&Itemid=188, accessed 14 May 2014.
60. Rhishja Larson, 'Kruger National Park steps up war on poachers', Savingrhinos.org, 28 Oct. 2009, http://www.rhinoconservation.org/2009/10/28/kruger-national-park-steps-up-war-on-poachers/, accessed 14 May 2014.
61. Lynette Strauss, 'Kruger National Park steps up fight against poachers', Kruger National Park, http://www. krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-e-4-fight-against-poachers-25091.html, accessed 14 May 2014.
62. Mike Cohen and Paul Burkhardt, 'South Africa backs proposal to legalize rhino horn trade', Bloomberg, 3 July 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-07-03/south-africa-backs-proposal-tolegalize-rhino-horn-trade.html, accessed 14 May 2014.
63. John R. Platt, 'As rhino poaching surges South Africa proposes legalized trade in precious horns', Scientific American, 12 July 2013, http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/2013/07/12/rhino-hornsouth-africa-legalized/, accessed 14 May 2014.
64. 'The Kimberley Process (KP)', http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/, accessed 14 May 2014.
65. James Melik, 'Diamonds: does the Kimberley Process work?', BBC News Business, 28 June 2010, http://www.bbc. co.uk/news/10307046, accessed 14 May 2014.
66. Kim Helfrich, 'Denel UAVs: working in Kruger but not sold to foreign countries', DefenceWeb, 4 June 2013, http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=30727:denel-uavs-working-in-kruger-but-not-sold-to-foreign-countries&catid=35:Aerospace&Itemid=107, accessed 14 May 2014.
67. Mariana Balt, 'Anti-poaching campaigns take to the sky', Looklocal.com, 4 Dec. 2012, http://www.looklocal. co.za/looklocal/content/en/lowveld/lowveld-news-general?oid=6599495&sn=Detail&pid=490165, accessed 14 May 2014.
68. Alex Crawford, 'South Africa rhinos under threat from poaching', Sky News, 11 April 2013, http://news.sky. com/story/1076589/south-africa-rhinos-under-threat-from-poaching, accessed 14 May 2014.
69. Fiona McLeod, 'SANParks tenders probed', Mail and Guardian, 17 Feb. 2012.
70. Ian J. Saunders, 'Applying lessons from Iraq and Afghanistan to the poaching crisis', International Conservation Caucus Foundation (ICCF), 8 April 2013, http://iccfoundation.us/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=476:lessons-from-iraq-and-afghanistan-poaching-crisis&catid=70:briefings-2012&Itemid=81, accessed 14 May 2014;
71. Oliver Joy, 'Helicopters versus drones: the cost of the war on rhinos', CNN, 16 Oct. 2013, http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/16/world/africa/helicopters-versus-drones-rhino/, accessed 14 May 2014.
72. Kim Helfrich, 'Anti-rhino poaching "war" to take on new intensity', DefenceWeb, 2 Aug. 2013, http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31423:anti-rhino-poaching-war-to-take-on-new-intensity&catid=87:border-security&Itemid=188, accessed 14 May 2014.
73. David Smith, 'South African minister backs legalization of rhino horn trade', Guardian, 25 March 2013.
74. David Lamprecht, 'South Africa to propose legalizing rhino horn trade at CITES meeting in 2016', Wildlife Extra, 10 Aug. 2013, http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/rhino-cites.html#cr, accessed 6 Nov. 2013.
75. Brendon Bosworth, 'Would a legal rhino horn trade stem poaching?', Guardian, 18 April 2013.
76. Mark Rily Caldwell, 'Legalizing rhino horn and ivory trade would backfire, says top conservationist', Guardian, 18 Oct. 2013.
77. Leon Marshall, 'Worsening rhino war strains countries' relations', National Geographic News Watch, 30 April 2013, http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2013/04/30/worsening-rhino-war-strains-countriesrelations% E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8/, accessed 14 May 2014.
78. Julian Rademeyer, 'South Africa pushes for legal trade in rhino horn', Mail and Guardian, 22 March 2013.
79. Ed Stoddard, 'Africa money: legalizing rhino horn, ivory trade in focus', Reuters, 26 April 2013, http://www. reuters.com/article/2012/04/26/africa-money-idUSL6E8FP0XC20120426, accessed 14 May 2014.
80. CITES, 'Ivory auctions raise 15 million USD for elephant conservation', http://www.cites.org/eng/news/ pr/2008/081107_ivory.shtml, accessed 14 May 2014.
81. Peter Knights, 'To end rhino poaching we must revisit 1994 not 2008', Wildlife Extra, 16 July 2013, http://www. wildaid.org/news/opinion-end-rhino-poaching-we-must-revisit-1994-not-2008, accessed 19 May 2014
82. John R. Platt, 'Poachers have killed 62 percent of forest elephants in the past decade', Scientific American, 2 April 2013, http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/2013/04/02/poachers-killed-62-percent-forestelephants/, accessed 15 May 2013.
83. Jonisayi Maromo, 'Rhino activists threaten global boycott on SA products', Mail and Guardian, 22 Feb. 2012.
84. Department of Environmental Affairs, 'Transfrontier conservation areas', https://www.environment.gov. za/projectsprogrammes/transfrontier_conservation_areas, accessed 15 May 2014.
85. Patrick van Rensburg, Guilty land: the history of apartheid (New York: Praeger, 1962);
86. Frank Walsh, A history of South Africa (London: HarperCollins, 2000); Leonard Thompson, A history of South Africa (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001); Ron McGregor, The South African story (Cape Town: New Voices Publishing, 2012).
87. Leonard Thompson, A history of South Africa (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001); Ron McGregor, The South African story (Cape Town: New Voices Publishing, 2012).
88. Ron McGregor, The South African story (Cape Town: New Voices Publishing, 2012).
89. Deepak K. Ray, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Paul C. West and Jonathan A. Foley, 'Yield trends are insufficient to double global crop production by 2050', PLOS ONE 8: 6, 2013, http://www.plosone.org/article/ info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0066428, accessed 15 May 2014.
90. US Department of Agriculture, 'Global desertification vulnerability map', Natural Resource Conservation Center, 8 Sept. 2003, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/use/maps/ ?cid=nrcs142p2_054003, accessed 19 May 2014
91. Julius Gatune Kariuke, The future of agriculture in Africa, Pardee Papers 15, Boston University, 15 Aug. 2011, pp. 9-23.
92. the well-produced online magazine, published in English and Afrikaans, Wildlife Ranching South Africa, http://www.wrsa.co.za/wrsa-e-magazine/, accessed 15 May 2014.
93. P. A. Lindsay, C. P. Havermann, R. M. Lines, A. E. Price, T. A. Retief, T. Rhebergen, C. Van der Waal and S. S. Romañach, 'Benefits of wildlife-based land uses on private lands in Namibia and limitations affecting their development', Oryx 47: 1, 2013, pp. 41-53.
94. Braam Malherbe and Retha Fourie, 'The rhino moratorium curse', Wildlife Ranching South Africa, Summer 2011, pp. 34-41, http://www.wrsa.co.za/wrsa-e-magazine/book/5-summer-2011-publication/2-wrsa-publications, accessed 15 May 2014.
95. Clark C. Gibson, Politicians and poachers: the political economy of wildlife policy in Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).
96. 'Rhino horn: fact versus fiction', PBS.org, http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/rhinoceros/rhinohorn-use-fact-vs-fiction/1178/, accessed 15 May 2014;
97. Carel Smith, 'Skerp kuns', Wildlife Ranching South Africa, Summer 2011, pp. 42-3, http://www.wrsa.co.za/wrsa-e-magazine/book/5-summer-2011-publication/2-wrsapublications, accessed 15 May 2014.
98. John M. MacKenzie, The empire of nature: hunting, conservation and British imperialism (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997), p. 62.
99. Roderick P. Neumann, 'Dukes, earls, and ersatz Edens over livelihood and nature preservation in Africa', Society and Space 14: 1, 1995, pp. 79-98;
100. William Adams, Against extinction: the story of conservation (London: Earthscan, 2004).
101. Philippe Sands, Principles of international environmental law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 524.
102. B. Ellis, 'Game conservation in Zululand, 1824-1947: changing perspectives', Natalia, 23 and 24, 1993/4, pp. 27-44
103. Endangered Wildlife Trust, Rhino security booklet (Gauteng, South Africa: Endangered Wildlife Trust, 2011), p. 2.
104. Statistics South Africa, Census 2011: statistical release (revised) P0301.4 (Pretoria), 30 Oct. 2012, http://www. statssa.gov.za/publications/P03014/P030142011.pdf, accessed 15 May 2014.
105. Xolani Mbanjwa, 'Most SA land in private hands-survey', City Press, 5 Sept. 2013, http://www.citypress. co.za/politics/sa-land-private-hands-survey/, accessed 15 May 2014.
106. Republic of South Africa, National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004, Government Gazette 467: 26436, 7 June 2004, http://www.cbd.int/doc/measures/abs/msr-abs-za-en.pdf, accessed 15 May 2014.
107. CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, signed Washington DC, 3 March 1973, amended Bonn, 22 June 1979, http://www.cites.org/eng/disc/E-Text.pdf, accessed 15 May 2014.
108. Johan Jooste's profile on http://www.linkedin.com/.
109. Robert Davies and Dan O'Meara, 'Total strategy in Southern Africa: an analysis of South African regional policy since 1978', Journal of Southern African Studies 11: 2, 1985, pp. 183-211.
110. De Wet Potgieter, Total onslaught: apartheid's dirty tricks exposed (Cape Town: Zebra Press, 2007).
111. Lieneke Eloff de Visser, 'Winning hearts and minds in the Namibian border war', Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies 39: 1, 2011, pp. 85-100.
112. David Galuala, Counter-insurgency warfare: theory and practice (London: Pall Mall, 1964);
113. Roger Trinquier, Modern warfare: a French view of counter-insurgency (London: Pall Mall, 1964).
114. Lieneke Eloff de Visser, 'Winning hearts and minds in the Namibian border war', pp. 85-100.
115. David Kilcullen, 'Twenty-eight articles: fundamentals of company level counterinsurgency', Small Wars Journal, 29 March 2006, p. 5, http://smallwarsjournal.com/documents/28articles.pdf, accessed 15 May 2014.
116. Lieneke Eloff de Visser, 'Winning hearts and minds in the Namibian border war', pp. 85-100.
117. Victoria Eastwood, 'Bigger than the army: South Africa's private security forces', CNN, 8 Feb. 2013, http:// edition.cnn.com/2013/02/08/business/south-africa-private-security, accessed 15 May 2014.
118. 'South Africa has world's largest private security industry; needs regulation-Mthethwa', DefenceWeb, 30 Oct. 2012, http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28306&Ite mid=116, accessed 15 May 2014.
119. Department of Police, Crime statistics overview RSA 2012/2013 (Pretoria: South African Police Service, 2013), http:// www.saps.gov.za/resource_centre/publications/statistics/crimestats/2013/downloads/crime_statistics_presentation. pdf, accessed 19 May 2014.
120. Derek Gregory, 'The individuation of warfare?', Geographical Imaginations: War, Space and Security, 26 Aug. 2013, http://geographicalimaginations.com/2013/08/26/the-individuation-of-warfare/, accessed 15 May 2014.
121. Steven Marks, Thomas Meer and Matthew Nilson, Manhunting: a methodology for finding persons of national interest (Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005), p. 19.
122. Kenneth H. Poole, 'Foreword', in George A. Crawford, Manhunting: counter-network organization for irregular warfare, Joint Special Operations University report (Hurlburt, FL: JSOU Press, Sept. 2009), p. vii.
123. Grégoire Chamayou, Manhunts: a philosophical history, trans. Steven Rendall (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012), p. 3.
124. David Blair, 'The hunt for bin Laden, ITV1, review', Daily Telegraph, 1 May 2012.
125. E. J. Hobsbawm, Primitive rebels: studies in archaic forms of social movement in the 19th and 20th centuries (New York: Norton, 1965), pp. 7, 20.
126. Saskia Rotshuizen and M. L. R. Smith, 'Of warriors, poachers and peacekeepers: protecting wildlife after conflict', Cooperation and Conflict 48: 4, 2013, pp. 502-521.
127. Richard Conniff, 'People or parks: the human factor in protecting wildlife', Environment 360, 7 Nov. 2013, http://e360.yale.edu/feature/ people_or_parks_the_human_factor_in_protecting_wildlife/2707/, accessed 21 Nov. 2013.