Emission factor of ammonia (NH3) from on-road vehicles in China: Tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou

Environmental Research Letters

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2014, Pages

  Liu, Tengyu ^a,b   Wang, Xinming ^a   Wang, Boguang ^c   Ding, Xiang ^a   Deng, Wei ^a,b   Lü, Sujun ^a,b   Zhang, Yanli ^a  

^a GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^c JINAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

ammonia; emission factors; emissions; nitrogen oxide; tunnel tests; vehicles

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL WASTES; AMMONIA; GASOLINE; NITROGEN OXIDES; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; ROADS AND STREETS;

EMISSION FACTORS; EMISSION INVENTORIES; LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES; LIGHT-DUTY GASOLINE VEHICLES; SECONDARY PARTICLES; THREE WAY CATALYSTS; TRAFFIC-RELATED EMISSIONS; TUNNEL TEST;

VEHICLES;

AMMONIA; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; EMISSION INVENTORY; FUEL; NITROGEN OXIDES; POLLUTANT SOURCE; TRAFFIC EMISSION; TUNNEL;

CHINA; GUANGDONG; GUANGZHOU; ZHUJIANG DELTA;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84903641291     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17489326     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064027     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Ament W, Huizenga J R, Kort E, van der Mark T W, Grevink R G and Verkerke G J 1999 Respiratory ammonia output and blood ammonia concentration during incremental exercise Int. J. Sports. Med. 20 71-7 (Pubitemid 29112663)
2. Asman W A H 1998 Factors influencing local dry deposition of gases with special reference to ammonia Atmos. Environ. 32 415-21 (Pubitemid 28142485)
3. Battye W, Aneja V P and Roelle P A 2003 Evaluation and improvement of ammonia emissions inventories Atmos. Environ. 37 3873-83 (Pubitemid 36918436)
4. Baum M M, Kiyomiya E S, Kumar S, Lappas A M, Kapinus V A and Lord H C 2001 Multicomponent remote sensing of vehicle exhaust by dispersive absorption spectroscopy. 2. direct on-road ammonia measurements Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 3735-41
5. Bouwman A F, Lee D S, Asman W A H, Dentener F J, Van Der Hoek K W and Olivier J G J 1997 A global high-resolution emission inventory for ammonia Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 11 561-87
6. Bradow R L and Stump F D 1977 Unregulated emissions from three-way catalyst cars 770369 SAE Technical Paper No
7. Burgard D A, Bishop G A and Stedman D H 2006 Remote sensing of ammonia and sulfur dioxide from on-road light duty vehicles Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 7018-22 (Pubitemid 44772853)
8. Cadle S H and Mulawa P A 1980 Low-molecular-weight aliphatic amines in exhaust from catalyst-equipped cars Environ. Sci. Technol. 14 718-23 (Pubitemid 10118175)
9. Carslaw D C and Rhys-Tyler G 2013 New insights from comprehensive on-road measurements of NO x, NO2 and NH3 from vehicle emission remote sensing in London, UK Atmos. Environ. 81 339-47
10. Chan C K and Yao X H 2008 Air pollution in mega cities in China Atmos. Environ. 42 1-42 (Pubitemid 350298026)
11. Chang S C, Lin T H and Lee C T 2009 On-road emission factors from light-duty vehicles measured in hsuehshan tunnel (12.9 km), the longest tunnel in Asia Environ. Monit. Assess. 153 187-200
12. Che W W, Zheng J Y and Zhong L J 2009 Mobile source emission characteristics and contributions in the pearl river delta region Res. Environ. Sci. 22 456-61
13. Che W, Zheng J, Wang S, Zhong L and Lau A 2011 Assessment of motor vehicle emission control policies using model-3/CMAQ model for the pearl river delta region, China Atmos. Environ. 45 1740-51
14. Chiang H L, Hwu C S, Chen S Y, Wu M C, Ma S Y and Huang Y S 2007 Emission factors and characteristics of criteria pollutants and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a freeway tunnel study Sci. Total. Environ. 381 200-11 (Pubitemid 46843178)
15. Chitjian M, Koizumi J, Botsford C W, Mansell G and Winegar E 2000 Final 1997 gridded ammonia emission inventory update for the south coast air basin Final report to the south coast air quality management district
16. Chow J C, Watson J G, Fujita E M, Lu Z, Lawson D R and Ashbaugh L L 1994 Temporal and spatial variations of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol in the southern California air quality study Atmos. Environ. 28 2061-80 (Pubitemid 24218497)
17. Durbin T D et al 2004 The effect of fuel sulfur on NH3 and other emissions from 2000-2001 model year vehicles Atmos. Environ. 38 2699-708 (Pubitemid 38507385)
18. Durbin T D, Wilson R D, Norbeck J M, Miller J W, Huai T and Rhee S H 2002 Estimates of the emission rates of ammonia from light-duty vehicles using standard chassis dynamometer test cycles Atmos. Environ. 36 1475-82 (Pubitemid 34203533)
19. Edgerton E S, Saylor R D, Hartsell B E, Jansen J J and Alan Hansen D 2007 Ammonia and ammonium measurements from the southeastern United States Atmos. Environ. 41 3339-51 (Pubitemid 46518239)
20. Emmenegger L, Mohn J, Sigrist M, Marinov D, Steinemann U, Zumsteg F and Meier M 2004 Measurement of ammonia emissions using various techniques in a comparative tunnel study Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 22 326-41 (Pubitemid 39551056)
21. Fraser M P and Cass G R 1998 Detection of excess ammonia emissions from in-use vehicles and the implications for fine particle control Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 1053-7 (Pubitemid 28208289)
22. Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Statistics (GPBS) and Guangdong Survey Office of National Bureau of Statistics (GSONBS) 2013 Guangdong Statistical Yearbook (Beijing: China Statistics Press)
23. Hansen D A, Edgerton E S, Hartsell B E, Jansen J J, Kandasamy N, Hidy G M and Blanchard C L 2003 The southeastern aerosol research and characterization study: part 1 - overview J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53 1460-71 (Pubitemid 37517930)
24. He K, Huo H, Zhang Q, He D, An F, Wang M and Walsh M P 2005 Oil consumption and CO2 emissions in China's road transport: current status, future trends, and policy implications Energy Policy 33 1499-507 (Pubitemid 40106387)
25. He K, Yang F, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Yao X, Chan C K, Cadle S, Chan T and Mulawa P 2001 The characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing, China Atmos. Environ. 35 4959-70
26. He L Y, Hu M, Zhang Y H, Huang X F and Yao T T 2008 Fine particle emissions from on-road vehicles in the zhujiang tunnel, China Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 4461-6 (Pubitemid 351842391)
27. Heeb N V, Saxer C J, Forss A-M and Brühlmann S 2006 Correlation of hydrogen, ammonia and nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide) emissions of gasoline-fueled euro-3 passenger cars at transient driving Atmos. Environ. 40 3750-63 (Pubitemid 43776804)
28. Heeb N V, Saxer C J, Forss A-M and Brühlmann S 2008 Trends of NO-, NO2-, and NH3-emissions from gasoline-fueled euro-3- to euro-4-passenger cars Atmos. Environ. 42 2543-54
29. Huai T, Durbin T D, Miller J W, Pisano J T, Sauer C G, Rhee S H and Norbeck J M 2003 Investigation of NH3 emissions from new technology vehicles as a function of vehicle operating conditions Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 4841-7 (Pubitemid 37369871)
30. Huang X, Song Y, Li M, Li J, Huo Q, Cai X, Zhu T, Hu M and Zhang H 2012 A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory in China Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 26 GB1030
31. Huo H, He K, Wang M and Yao Z 2012 Vehicle technologies, fuel-economy policies, and fuel-consumption rates of chinese vehicles Energy Policy 43 30-6
32. Hwa M-Y, Hsieh C-C, Wu T-C and Chang L-F W 2002 Real-world vehicle emissions and VOCs profile in the taipei tunnel located at Taiwan taipei area Atmos. Environ. 36 1993-2002 (Pubitemid 34626182)
33. Ianniello A, Spataro F, Esposito G, Allegrini I, Hu M and Zhu T 2011 Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium salts in PM2.5 in the atmosphere of Beijing (China) Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 10803-22
34. Kean A J, Harley R A, Littlejohn D and Kendall G R 2000 On-road measurement of ammonia and other motor vehicle exhaust emissions Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 3535-9
35. Kean A J, Littlejohn D, Ban-Weiss G A, Harley R A, Kirchstetter T W and Lunden M M 2009 Trends in on-road vehicle emissions of ammonia Atmos. Environ. 43 1565-70
36. Kearney D, Hubbard T and Putnam D 2002 Breath ammonia measurement in helicobacter pylori infection Dig. Dis. Sci. 47 2523-30 (Pubitemid 35305462)
37. Kirchstetter T W, Harley R A, Kreisberg N M, Stolzenburg M R and Hering S V 1999 On-road measurement of fine particle and nitrogen oxide emissions from light- and heavy-duty motor vehicles Atmos. Environ. 33 2955-68 (Pubitemid 29222770)
38. Kirchstetter T W, Singer B C, Harley R A, Kendall G R and Traverse M 1998 Impact of California reformulated gasoline on motor vehicle emissions. 1. mass emission rates Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 318-28
39. Kirkby J et al 2011 Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation Nature 476 429-33
40. Kristensson A, Johansson C, Westerholm R, Swietlicki E, Gidhagen L, Wideqvist U and Vesely V 2004 Real-world traffic emission factors of gases and particles measured in a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden Atmos. Environ. 38 657-73 (Pubitemid 37553168)
41. Liao H B, Yu Z, Zhou B, Liu Y H, Bi S Y, Cai M and Luo W L 2012 Characteristics of motor vehicle exhaust emission in Guangzhou Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 134-8
42. Livingston C, Rieger P and Winer A 2009 Ammonia emissions from a representative in-use fleet of light and medium-duty vehicles in the California south coast air basin Atmos. Environ. 43 3326-33
43. Mancilla Y, Araizaga A E and Mendoza A 2012 A tunnel study to estimate emission factors from mobile sources in Monterrey, Mexico J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 62 1431-42
44. Martins L D et al 2006 Emission factors for gas-powered vehicles traveling through road tunnels in são paulo, Brazil Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 6722-9 (Pubitemid 44721914)
45. McCulloch R B and Shendrikar A D 2000 Concurrent atmospheric ammonia measurements using citric-acid-coated diffusion denuders and a chemiluminescence analyzer Atmos. Environ. 34 4957-8
46. Meng Z Y, Lin W L, Jiang X M, Yan P, Wang Y, Zhang Y M, Jia X F and Yu X L 2011 Characteristics of atmospheric ammonia over Beijing, China Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 6139-51
47. Moeckli M A, Fierz M and Sigrist M W 1996 Emission factors for ethene and ammonia from a tunnel study with a photoacoustic trace gas detection system Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 2864-7 (Pubitemid 26292193)
48. Ortega I K, Kurtén T, Vehkamäki H and Kulmala M 2008 The role of ammonia in sulfuric acid ion induced nucleation Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8 2859-67
49. Pathak R K, Wu W S and Wang T 2009 Summertime PM2.5 ionic species in four major cities of China: nitrate formation in an ammonia-deficient atmosphere Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9 1711-22
50. Pearson J and Stewart G R 1993 The deposition of atmospheric ammonia and its effects on plants New. Phytol. 125 283-305
51. Pierson W R and Brachaczek W W 1983 Emissions of ammonia and amines from vehicles on the road Environ. Sci. Technol. 17 757-60 (Pubitemid 14187719)
52. Pinder R W, Adams P J and Pandis S N 2007 Ammonia emission controls as a cost-effective strategy for reducing atmospheric particulate matter in the eastern United States Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 380-6 (Pubitemid 46106264)
53. Roe S M, Spivey M D, Lindquist H C, Thesing K B, Strait R P and Pechan E H 2004 Estimating ammonia emissions from anthropogenic nonagricultural sources US Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) and Associates Inc.
54. Seinfeld J H and Pandis S N 1998 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change (New York: Wiley) 74-75, 1056-7
55. Španěl P, Davies S and Smith D 1998 Quantification of ammonia in human breath by the selected ion flow tube analytical method using H3O+ and O2+ precursor ions Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12 763-6 (Pubitemid 28290279)
56. Staehelin J et al 1995 Emission factors from road traffic from a tunnel study (gubrist tunnel, Switzerland). part I: concept and first results Sci. Total Environ. 169 141-7 (Pubitemid 26430519)
57. Sun K, Tao L, Miller D J, Khan M A and Zondlo M A 2014 On-road ammonia emissions characterized by mobile, open-path measurements Environ. Sci. Technol. 48 3943-50
58. Sutton M A, Dragosits U, Tang Y S and Fowler D 2000 Ammonia emissions from non-agricultural sources in the UK Atmos. Environ. 34 855-69 (Pubitemid 32212134)
59. US and EPA 2007 1970-2006 average annual emissions All Criteria Pollutants in MS Excel Accessed 1 February 2008
60. Wagner D V, An F and Wang C 2009 Structure and impacts of fuel economy standards for passenger cars in China Energy Policy 37 3803-11
61. Wang X M, Ding X, Fu X X, He Q F, Wang S Y, Bernard F, Zhao X Y and Wu D 2012 Aerosol scattering coefficients and major chemical compositions of fine particles observed at a rural site in the central pearl river delta, south China J. Environ. Sci. 24 72-7
62. Yang F, Tan J, Zhao Q, Du Z, He K, Ma Y, Duan F, Chen G and Zhao Q 2011 Characteristics of PM2.5 speciation in representative megacities and across China Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 5207-19
63. Yao X, Hu Q, Zhang L, Evans G J, Godri K J and Ng A C 2013 Is vehicular emission a significant contributor to ammonia in the urban atmosphere? Atmos. Environ. 80 499-506
64. Yi Z, Wang X, Sheng G, Zhang D, Zhou G and Fu J 2007 Soil uptake of carbonyl sulfide in subtropical forests with different successional stages in south China J. Geophys. Res. 112 D08302 (Pubitemid 46939409)
65. Zhang Q, He K and Huo H 2012a Policy: cleaning China's air Nature 484 161-2
66. Zhang Y L et al 2012b Aromatic hydrocarbons as ozone precursors before and after outbreak of the 2008 financial crisis in the pearl river delta region, south China J. Geophys. Res. 117 D15306
67. Zheng J Y, Yin S S, Kang D W, Che W W and Zhong L J 2012 Development and uncertainty analysis of a high-resolution NH3 emissions inventory and its implications with precipitation over the pearl river delta region, China Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12 7041-58