Performance of different intumescent ammonium polyphosphate flame retardants in PP/kenaf fibre composites

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

Volumn 65, Issue , 2014, Pages 91-99

  Subasinghe, Aruna ^a   Bhattacharyya, Debes ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

A. fibre; Ammonium polyphosphate; B. Thermal properties; E. Extrusion

Indexed keywords

ASPECT RATIO; HYBRID MATERIALS; LINGUISTICS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY; POLYPROPYLENES; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATES; CO-ROTATING TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS; DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION TEMPERATURES; DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZES; DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES; E. EXTRUSION; THERMOGRAVIMETRY ANALYSIS;

FLAME RETARDANTS;

EID: 84903589762     PISSN: 1359835X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.06.001     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Z.N. Azwa, B.F. Yousif, A.C. Manalo, and W. Karunasena A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres Mater Des 47 2013 424 442
2. E. Zini, and M. Scandola Green composites: an overview Polym Compos 32 12 2011 1905 1915
3. A. Arbelaiz, B. Fernández, J.A. Ramos, A. Retegi, R. Llano-Ponte, and I. Mondragon Mechanical properties of short flax fibre bundle/polypropylene composites: influence of matrix/fibre modification, fibre content, water uptake and recycling Compos Sci Technol 65 10 2005 1582 1592
4. E.F. Cerqueira, C.A.R.P. Baptista, and D.R. Mulinari Mechanical behaviour of polypropylene reinforced sugarcane bagasse fibers composites Proc Eng 10 1 2011 2046 2051
5. M.S. Islam, J.S. Church, and M. Miao Effect of removing polypropylene fibre surface finishes on mechanical performance of kenaf/polypropylene composites Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf 42 11 2011 1687 1693
6. R. Kozłowski, and M. Władyka-Przybylak Flammability and fire resistance of composites reinforced by natural fibers Polym Adv Technol 19 6 2008 446 453
7. J. Summerscales, N. Dissanayake, A. Virk, and W. Hall A review of bast fibres and their composites. Part 2 - Composites Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf 41 10 2010 1336 1344
8. M.W. Chai, S. Bickerton, D. Bhattacharyya, and R. Das Influence of natural fibre reinforcements on the flammability of bio-derived composite materials Compos Part B: Eng 43 7 2012 2867 2874
9. S. Chapple, and R. Anandjiwala Flammability of natural fiber-reinforced composites and strategies for fire retardancy: a review J Thermoplast Compos Mater 23 6 2010 871 893
10. M. Biswal, S. Mohanty, and S.K. Nayak Thermal stability and flammability of banana-fiber-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites J Appl Polym Sci 125 SUPPL. 2 2012 E432 E443
11. M. Le Bras, S. Duquesne, M. Fois, M. Grisel, and F. Poutch Intumescent polypropylene/flax blends: a preliminary study Polym Degrad Stab 88 1 2005 80 84
12. X. Su, Y. Yi, J. Tao, and H. Qi Synergistic effect of zinc hydroxystannate with intumescent flame-retardants on fire retardancy and thermal behavior of polypropylene Polym Degrad Stab 97 11 2012 2128 2135
13. D. Enescu, A. Frache, M. Lavaselli, O. Monticelli, and F. Marino Novel phosphorous-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant system. Its effects on flame retardancy and thermal properties of polypropylene Polym Degrad Stab 98 1 2013 297 305
14. X. Chen, J. Yu, S. Guo, S. Lu, Z. Luo, and M. He Surface modification of magnesium hydroxide and its application in flame retardant polypropylene composites J Mater Sci 44 5 2009 1324 1332
15. S. Bourbigot, M. Le Bras, S. Duquesne, and M. Rochery Recent advances for intumescent polymers Macromol Mater Eng 289 6 2004 499 511
16. S. Chen, B. Wang, J. Kang, J. Chen, J. Gai, and L. Yang et al. Synergistic effect of organic vermiculite on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of intumescent polypropylene composites J Macromol Sci Part B: Phys 52 9 2013 1212 1225
17. Q. Zhang, H. Xing, C. Sun, H. Xiang, D. Jiang, and L. Qin The mechanical properties and thermal performances of polypropylene with a novel intumescent flame retardant J Appl Polym Sci 115 4 2010 2170 2177
18. S.L. Madorsky Thermal degradation of polymers 1985 Robert E. Kreiger New York
19. Z.N. Azwa, and B.F. Yousif Characteristics of kenaf fibre/epoxy composites subjected to thermal degradation Polym Degrad Stab 98 12 2013 2752 2759
20. L. Manchado, M. Arroyo, J. Biagiotti, and J. Kenny Enhancement of mechanical properties and interfacial adhesion of PP/EPDM/flax fiber composites using maleic anhydride as a compatibilizer J Appl Polym Sci 90 8 2003 2170 2178
21. M. Pracella, M.M.U. Haque, and V. Alvarez Functionalization, compatibilization and properties of polyolefin composites with natural fibers Polymers 2 4 2010 554 574
22. Feng Z, Kang S. The application of halogen-free intumescent flame retardant in polyolefin.
23. K. Bocz, T. Bárány, A. Toldy, B. Bodzay, I. Csontos, and K. Madi et al. Self-extinguishing polypropylene with a mass fraction of 9% intumescent additive - a new physical way for enhancing the fire retardant efficiency Polym Degrad Stab 98 1 2013 79 86
24. A. Ismail, A. Hassan, A.A. Bakar, and M. Jawaid Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of kenaf filled polypropylene (PP) containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) Sains Malaysiana 42 4 2013 429 434
25. F.R. Costa, U. Wagenknecht, and G. Heinrich LDPE/Mg-Al layered double hydroxide nanocomposite: thermal and flammability properties Polym Degrad Stab 92 10 2007 1813 1823
26. R. Malkapuram, V. Kumar, and Y.S. Negi Recent development in natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites J Reinf Plast Compos 28 10 2009 1169 1189
27. N.M. Barkoula, S.K. Garkhail, and T. Peijs Effect of compounding and injection molding on the mechanical properties of flax fiber polypropylene composites J Reinf Plast Compos 29 9 2010 1366 1385
28. H. Deka, M. Misra, and A. Mohanty Renewable resource based "all green composites" from kenaf biofiber and poly(furfuryl alcohol) bioresin Ind Crops Prod 41 2013 94 101
29. M.R.Y. Hamid, M.H. Ab Ghani, and S. Ahmad Effect of antioxidants and fire retardants as mineral fillers on the physical and mechanical properties of high loading hybrid biocomposites reinforced with rice husks and sawdust Ind Crops Prod 40 1 2012 96 102
30. N. Sallih, P. Lescher, and D. Bhattacharyya Factorial study of material and process parameters on the mechanical properties of extruded kenaf fibre/polypropylene composite sheets Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf 61 2014 91 107