메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 136, Issue , 2014, Pages 301-338

Flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers: Progress in research

Author keywords

Boundary layer; Flow resistance; Form drag; Gravel bed rivers; Relative submergence; Skin friction

Indexed keywords

DRAG; FLOW FIELD; FLOW STRUCTURE; FLUID MECHANICS; GRAVEL BED STREAM; HYDRAULICS; OPEN CHANNEL FLOW; PRESSURE GRADIENT; RIVER FLOW; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; STREAMFLOW; SUBMERGENCE;

EID: 84903440895     PISSN: 00128252     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.06.001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (142)

References (200)
  • 1
    • 33845906692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical properties of armoured gravel bed surfaces
    • Aberle J., Nikora V. Statistical properties of armoured gravel bed surfaces. Water Resour. Res. 2006, 42. 10.1029/2005WR004674.
    • (2006) Water Resour. Res. , vol.42
    • Aberle, J.1    Nikora, V.2
  • 2
    • 0038501070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of roughness structure on flow resistance on steep slopes
    • Aberle J., Smart G.M. The influence of roughness structure on flow resistance on steep slopes. J. Hydraul. Res. 2003, 41:259-269.
    • (2003) J. Hydraul. Res. , vol.41 , pp. 259-269
    • Aberle, J.1    Smart, G.M.2
  • 3
    • 80755175949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical characterisation of bed roughness due to bed forms: a field study in the Elbe River at Aken, Germany
    • Aberle J., Nikora V., Henning M., Ettmer B., Hentschel B. Statistical characterisation of bed roughness due to bed forms: a field study in the Elbe River at Aken, Germany. Water Resour. Res. 2010, 46. 10.1029/2008WR007406.
    • (2010) Water Resour. Res. , vol.46
    • Aberle, J.1    Nikora, V.2    Henning, M.3    Ettmer, B.4    Hentschel, B.5
  • 4
    • 0029413826 scopus 로고
    • Step-pool systems: adjustment to maximum flow resistance
    • Abrahams A.D., Li G., Atkinson J.F. Step-pool systems: adjustment to maximum flow resistance. Water Resour. Res. 1995, 31:2593-2602.
    • (1995) Water Resour. Res. , vol.31 , pp. 2593-2602
    • Abrahams, A.D.1    Li, G.2    Atkinson, J.F.3
  • 6
    • 28344440601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ludwig Prandtl's boundary layer
    • Anderson J.F. Ludwig Prandtl's boundary layer. Phys. Today 2005, 58:42-48.
    • (2005) Phys. Today , vol.58 , pp. 42-48
    • Anderson, J.F.1
  • 9
    • 84872166677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of terrestrial laser scanning technology for obtaining high-resolution DEMs of soils
    • Barneveld R.J., Manuel S., Maalen-Johansen I. Assessment of terrestrial laser scanning technology for obtaining high-resolution DEMs of soils. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2013, 38. 10.1002/esp.3344.
    • (2013) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.38
    • Barneveld, R.J.1    Manuel, S.2    Maalen-Johansen, I.3
  • 10
    • 0018105243 scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance of large-scale roughness
    • Bathurst J.C. Flow resistance of large-scale roughness. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 1978, 104:1587-1603.
    • (1978) J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE , vol.104 , pp. 1587-1603
    • Bathurst, J.C.1
  • 11
    • 85040293199 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical aspects of flow resistance
    • John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, R.D. Hey, J.C. Bathurst, C.R. Thorne (Eds.)
    • Bathurst J.C. Theoretical aspects of flow resistance. Gravel-Bed Rivers 1982, 443-462. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. R.D. Hey, J.C. Bathurst, C.R. Thorne (Eds.).
    • (1982) Gravel-Bed Rivers , pp. 443-462
    • Bathurst, J.C.1
  • 12
    • 0022045765 scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance estimation in mountain rivers
    • Bathurst J.C. Flow resistance estimation in mountain rivers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1985, 111:625-643.
    • (1985) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.111 , pp. 625-643
    • Bathurst, J.C.1
  • 13
    • 0002233171 scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance through the channel network
    • John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, K. Bevan, M.J. Kirkby (Eds.)
    • Bathurst J.C. Flow resistance through the channel network. Channel Network Hydrology 1993, 69-98. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. K. Bevan, M.J. Kirkby (Eds.).
    • (1993) Channel Network Hydrology , pp. 69-98
    • Bathurst, J.C.1
  • 14
    • 0013322416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental river flow hydraulics
    • John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, C.R. Thorne, R.D. Hey, M.D. Newson (Eds.)
    • Bathurst J.C. Environmental river flow hydraulics. Applied Fluvial Geomorphology for River Engineering and Management 1997, 69-93. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. C.R. Thorne, R.D. Hey, M.D. Newson (Eds.).
    • (1997) Applied Fluvial Geomorphology for River Engineering and Management , pp. 69-93
    • Bathurst, J.C.1
  • 15
    • 0036905119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At-a-site variation and minimum flow resistance for mountain rivers
    • Bathurst J.C. At-a-site variation and minimum flow resistance for mountain rivers. J. Hydrol. 2002, 269:11-26.
    • (2002) J. Hydrol. , vol.269 , pp. 11-26
    • Bathurst, J.C.1
  • 18
    • 0030454765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-space analysis of stream-bed roughness in coarse gravel-bed streams
    • Bergeron N.E. Scale-space analysis of stream-bed roughness in coarse gravel-bed streams. Math. Geol. 1996, 28:537-561.
    • (1996) Math. Geol. , vol.28 , pp. 537-561
    • Bergeron, N.E.1
  • 19
    • 0033383655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of sediment concentration on bedload roughness
    • Bergeron N.E., Carbonneau P. The effect of sediment concentration on bedload roughness. Hydrol. Process. 1999, 13:2583-2589.
    • (1999) Hydrol. Process. , vol.13 , pp. 2583-2589
    • Bergeron, N.E.1    Carbonneau, P.2
  • 21
    • 29944437138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of constitutive flow resistance equations based on the Manning and Chezy equations applied to natural rivers
    • Bjerklie D.M., Dingman S.L., Bolster C.H. Comparison of constitutive flow resistance equations based on the Manning and Chezy equations applied to natural rivers. Water Resour. Res. 2005, 41:W11502. 10.1029/2004WR003776.
    • (2005) Water Resour. Res. , vol.41
    • Bjerklie, D.M.1    Dingman, S.L.2    Bolster, C.H.3
  • 23
    • 84869996255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling river bed morphology, roughness and surface sedimentology using high resolution terrestrial laser scanning
    • Brasington J., Vericat D., Rychkov I. Modelling river bed morphology, roughness and surface sedimentology using high resolution terrestrial laser scanning. Water Resour. Res. 2012, 48. 10.1029/2012WR012223.
    • (2012) Water Resour. Res. , vol.48
    • Brasington, J.1    Vericat, D.2    Rychkov, I.3
  • 24
    • 0018514933 scopus 로고
    • Estimating average velocity in gravel-bed rivers
    • Bray D.I. Estimating average velocity in gravel-bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 1979, 105:1103-1122.
    • (1979) J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE , vol.105 , pp. 1103-1122
    • Bray, D.I.1
  • 25
    • 0020233329 scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers
    • Wiley, Chichester, R.D. Hey, J.C. Bathurst, C.E. Thorne (Eds.)
    • Bray D.I. Flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers. Gravel Bed Rivers 1982, 109-137. Wiley, Chichester. R.D. Hey, J.C. Bathurst, C.E. Thorne (Eds.).
    • (1982) Gravel Bed Rivers , pp. 109-137
    • Bray, D.I.1
  • 26
    • 0023524105 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to flow in gravel-bed rivers
    • Bray D.I., Davar K.S. Resistance to flow in gravel-bed rivers. Can. J. Civ. Eng. 1987, 14:77-86.
    • (1987) Can. J. Civ. Eng. , vol.14 , pp. 77-86
    • Bray, D.I.1    Davar, K.S.2
  • 27
  • 28
    • 0025458959 scopus 로고
    • Effects of data errors in computed steady-flow profiles
    • Burnham M.W., Davis D.W. Effects of data errors in computed steady-flow profiles. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1990, 116:914-929.
    • (1990) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.116 , pp. 914-929
    • Burnham, M.W.1    Davis, D.W.2
  • 29
    • 0000134520 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of DEM quality for characterising surface roughness using close range digital photogrammetry
    • Butler J.B., Lane S.N., Chandler J.H. Assessment of DEM quality for characterising surface roughness using close range digital photogrammetry. Photogramm. Rec. 1988, 16:271-291.
    • (1988) Photogramm. Rec. , vol.16 , pp. 271-291
    • Butler, J.B.1    Lane, S.N.2    Chandler, J.H.3
  • 30
    • 0005650738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of the structure of river-bed gravels using two dimensional fractal analysis
    • Butler J.B., Lane S.N., Chandler J.H. Characterisation of the structure of river-bed gravels using two dimensional fractal analysis. Math. Geol. 2001, 33:301-330.
    • (2001) Math. Geol. , vol.33 , pp. 301-330
    • Butler, J.B.1    Lane, S.N.2    Chandler, J.H.3
  • 31
    • 0036231048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Through-water close range digital photogrammetry in flume and field environments
    • Butler J.B., Lane S.N., Chandler J.H., Porfiri E. Through-water close range digital photogrammetry in flume and field environments. Photogramm. Rec. 2002, 17:419-439.
    • (2002) Photogramm. Rec. , vol.17 , pp. 419-439
    • Butler, J.B.1    Lane, S.N.2    Chandler, J.H.3    Porfiri, E.4
  • 33
    • 84880933445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable contribution of wood to the hydraulic resistance of headwater tropical streams
    • Cadol D., Wohl E. Variable contribution of wood to the hydraulic resistance of headwater tropical streams. Water Resour. Res. 2013, 49:4711-4723. 10.1002/wrcr.20362.
    • (2013) Water Resour. Res. , vol.49 , pp. 4711-4723
    • Cadol, D.1    Wohl, E.2
  • 34
    • 79957527904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of bed-load concentration on friction factor in narrow channels
    • Taylor and Francis Group, London, M. Greco, A. Carravetta, R. Della Morte (Eds.)
    • Calomino F., Gaudio R., Miglio A. Effect of bed-load concentration on friction factor in narrow channels. River Flow 2004 2004, 279-285. Taylor and Francis Group, London. M. Greco, A. Carravetta, R. Della Morte (Eds.).
    • (2004) River Flow 2004 , pp. 279-285
    • Calomino, F.1    Gaudio, R.2    Miglio, A.3
  • 36
    • 35348994841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissipative analogies between a schematic macro-roughness arrangement and step-pool morphology
    • Canovaro F., Solari L. Dissipative analogies between a schematic macro-roughness arrangement and step-pool morphology. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2007, 32:1628-1640.
    • (2007) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.32 , pp. 1628-1640
    • Canovaro, F.1    Solari, L.2
  • 37
    • 33646673291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of macro-roughness arrangement on flow resistance
    • Taylor and Francis Group, London, M. Greco, A. Carravetta, R. Della Morte (Eds.)
    • Canovaro F., Paris E., Solari L. Influence of macro-roughness arrangement on flow resistance. River Flow 2004 2004, 287-293. Taylor and Francis Group, London. M. Greco, A. Carravetta, R. Della Morte (Eds.).
    • (2004) River Flow 2004 , pp. 287-293
    • Canovaro, F.1    Paris, E.2    Solari, L.3
  • 38
    • 0027073734 scopus 로고
    • The nature of the fluid boundary layer and the selection of parameters for benthic ecology
    • Carling P.A. The nature of the fluid boundary layer and the selection of parameters for benthic ecology. Freshw. Biol. 1992, 28:273-284.
    • (1992) Freshw. Biol. , vol.28 , pp. 273-284
    • Carling, P.A.1
  • 41
    • 0033044060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective application of automated digital photogrammetry for geomorphological research
    • Chandler J.H. Effective application of automated digital photogrammetry for geomorphological research. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 1999, 24:51-63.
    • (1999) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.24 , pp. 51-63
    • Chandler, J.H.1
  • 42
    • 0035179176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring flume surfaces for hydraulics research using a Kodak DCS460
    • Chandler J.H., Shiono K., Rameshwaren P., Lane S.N. Measuring flume surfaces for hydraulics research using a Kodak DCS460. Photogramm. Rec. 2001, 17:39-61.
    • (2001) Photogramm. Rec. , vol.17 , pp. 39-61
    • Chandler, J.H.1    Shiono, K.2    Rameshwaren, P.3    Lane, S.N.4
  • 43
    • 1642553057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring river channel change using terrestial oblique digital imagery and automated digital photogrammetry
    • Chandler J.H., Ashmore P., Paola C., Gooch M., Varkaris F. Monitoring river channel change using terrestial oblique digital imagery and automated digital photogrammetry. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 2002, 92:631-644.
    • (2002) Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. , vol.92 , pp. 631-644
    • Chandler, J.H.1    Ashmore, P.2    Paola, C.3    Gooch, M.4    Varkaris, F.5
  • 44
    • 0003536988 scopus 로고
    • The hydraulic geometry of some gravel rivers in Britain
    • Hydraulics Research Station, Wallingford
    • Charlton F.G., Brown P.M., Benson R.W. The hydraulic geometry of some gravel rivers in Britain. Report No. IT180 1978, Hydraulics Research Station, Wallingford.
    • (1978) Report No. IT180
    • Charlton, F.G.1    Brown, P.M.2    Benson, R.W.3
  • 45
    • 79954473184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of flow resistance in smooth rectangular open channels with modified Prandtl friction law
    • Cheng N.-S., Nguyen H.T., Zhao K., Tang X. Evaluation of flow resistance in smooth rectangular open channels with modified Prandtl friction law. J. Hydraul. Eng. 2011, 137:441-450.
    • (2011) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.137 , pp. 441-450
    • Cheng, N.-S.1    Nguyen, H.T.2    Zhao, K.3    Tang, X.4
  • 46
    • 0141906395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geomorphic significance of step-pools in mountain streams
    • Chin A. The geomorphic significance of step-pools in mountain streams. Geomorphology 2003, 55:125-137.
    • (2003) Geomorphology , vol.55 , pp. 125-137
    • Chin, A.1
  • 48
    • 34247591364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Form and stability of step-pool channels: research progress
    • Church M., Zimmermann A. Form and stability of step-pool channels: research progress. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43. 10.1029/2006WR005037.
    • (2007) Water Resour. Res. , vol.43
    • Church, M.1    Zimmermann, A.2
  • 49
    • 0026472391 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers: a physical explanation of the multiplier of roughness length
    • Clifford N.J., Robert A., Richards K.S. Estimation of flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers: a physical explanation of the multiplier of roughness length. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 1992, 17:111-126.
    • (1992) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.17 , pp. 111-126
    • Clifford, N.J.1    Robert, A.2    Richards, K.S.3
  • 50
    • 0000301867 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent flow in pipes, with particular reference to the transition region between smooth and rough pipe laws
    • Colebrook C.F. Turbulent flow in pipes, with particular reference to the transition region between smooth and rough pipe laws. J. Inst. Civ. Eng. 1939, 11:133-156.
    • (1939) J. Inst. Civ. Eng. , vol.11 , pp. 133-156
    • Colebrook, C.F.1
  • 51
    • 0023701938 scopus 로고
    • Friction factor evaluation on gravel bed rivers
    • Colosimo C., Copertino V.A., Veltri M. Friction factor evaluation on gravel bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1988, 114:861-869.
    • (1988) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.114 , pp. 861-869
    • Colosimo, C.1    Copertino, V.A.2    Veltri, M.3
  • 52
    • 84887181275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the dynamics of steep channels
    • Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, M. Church, P.M. Biron, A.G. Roy (Eds.)
    • Comiti F., Mao L. Recent advances in the dynamics of steep channels. Gravel-Bed Rivers: Processes, Tools, Environments 2012, 353-377. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. M. Church, P.M. Biron, A.G. Roy (Eds.).
    • (2012) Gravel-Bed Rivers: Processes, Tools, Environments , pp. 353-377
    • Comiti, F.1    Mao, L.2
  • 53
    • 34249899091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field-derived relationships for flow velocity and resistance in high-gradient streams
    • Comiti F., Mao L., Wilcox A., Wohl E.E., Lenzi M.A. Field-derived relationships for flow velocity and resistance in high-gradient streams. J. Hydrol. 2007, 340:48-62.
    • (2007) J. Hydrol. , vol.340 , pp. 48-62
    • Comiti, F.1    Mao, L.2    Wilcox, A.3    Wohl, E.E.4    Lenzi, M.A.5
  • 54
    • 67649872610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow regimes, bed morphology, and flow resistance in self-formed step-pool channels
    • Comiti F., Cadol D., Wohl E. Flow regimes, bed morphology, and flow resistance in self-formed step-pool channels. Water Resour. Res. 2009, 45. 10.1029/2008WR007259.
    • (2009) Water Resour. Res. , vol.45
    • Comiti, F.1    Cadol, D.2    Wohl, E.3
  • 55
    • 11744259631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of roughness coefficients for natural stream channels with vegetated banks
    • Coon W.F. Estimation of roughness coefficients for natural stream channels with vegetated banks. United States Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1998, 2441.
    • (1998) United States Geological Survey Water Supply Paper , pp. 2441
    • Coon, W.F.1
  • 56
    • 0000700374 scopus 로고
    • Estimating hydraulic roughness coefficients
    • Cowan W.L. Estimating hydraulic roughness coefficients. Agric. Eng. 1956, 37:473-475.
    • (1956) Agric. Eng. , vol.37 , pp. 473-475
    • Cowan, W.L.1
  • 57
    • 84877960685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling fine-scale soil surface structure using geostatistics
    • Croft H., Anderson K., Brazier R.E., Kuhn N.J. Modeling fine-scale soil surface structure using geostatistics. Water Resour. Res. 2013, 49. 10.1002/wrcr.20172.
    • (2013) Water Resour. Res. , vol.49
    • Croft, H.1    Anderson, K.2    Brazier, R.E.3    Kuhn, N.J.4
  • 58
    • 0037456686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large woody debris and flow resistance in step-pool channels, Cascade Range, Washington
    • Curran J.H., Wohl E.E. Large woody debris and flow resistance in step-pool channels, Cascade Range, Washington. Geomorphology 2003, 51:141-157.
    • (2003) Geomorphology , vol.51 , pp. 141-157
    • Curran, J.H.1    Wohl, E.E.2
  • 60
    • 12344279419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Ph.D. Thesis), Michigan Technological University, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering, Houghton, Michigan
    • Dartevelle S. Numerical and granulometric approaches to geophysical granular flows 2003, (Ph.D. Thesis), Michigan Technological University, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering, Houghton, Michigan.
    • (2003) Numerical and granulometric approaches to geophysical granular flows
    • Dartevelle, S.1
  • 61
    • 77949651385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls on spatial variations in flow resistance along steep mountain streams
    • David G.C.L., Wohl E., Yochum S.E., Bledsoe B.P. Controls on spatial variations in flow resistance along steep mountain streams. Water Resour. Res. 2010, 46. 10.1029/2009WR008134.
    • (2010) Water Resour. Res. , vol.46
    • David, G.C.L.1    Wohl, E.2    Yochum, S.E.3    Bledsoe, B.P.4
  • 62
    • 85040845238 scopus 로고
    • W.H. Freeman and Company, New York
    • Dingman S.L. Fluvial Hydrology 1984, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
    • (1984) Fluvial Hydrology
    • Dingman, S.L.1
  • 64
    • 84867019026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of the hydraulics at natural steps crests in step-pool streams via weir flow concepts
    • Dust D., Wohl E.E. Characterisation of the hydraulics at natural steps crests in step-pool streams via weir flow concepts. Water Resour. Res. 2012, 48. 10.1029/2011WR11724.
    • (2012) Water Resour. Res. , vol.48
    • Dust, D.1    Wohl, E.E.2
  • 65
    • 34347251933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance equations for gravel- and boulder-bed streams
    • Ferguson R. Flow resistance equations for gravel- and boulder-bed streams. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43. 10.1029/2006WR005422.
    • (2007) Water Resour. Res. , vol.43
    • Ferguson, R.1
  • 66
    • 78649783653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to abandon the Manning equation?
    • Ferguson R. Time to abandon the Manning equation?. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2010, 35. 10.1002/esp.2091.
    • (2010) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.35
    • Ferguson, R.1
  • 67
    • 84861115724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • River channel slope, flow resistance and gravel entrainment thresholds
    • Ferguson R. River channel slope, flow resistance and gravel entrainment thresholds. Water Resour. Res. 2012, 48. 10.1029/2011WR010850.
    • (2012) Water Resour. Res. , vol.48
    • Ferguson, R.1
  • 68
    • 84903403398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reach-scale flow resistance
    • Elsevier, New York, (Chapter 9.5), J. Schroder, W. Wohl (Eds.)
    • Ferguson R. Reach-scale flow resistance. Treatise on Geomorphology, Fluvial Geomorphology 2013, vol. 9. Elsevier, New York, (Chapter 9.5). J. Schroder, W. Wohl (Eds.).
    • (2013) Treatise on Geomorphology, Fluvial Geomorphology , vol.9
    • Ferguson, R.1
  • 69
    • 0028175314 scopus 로고
    • Flow velocity profiles in gravel-bed rivers
    • Ferro V., Baiamonte G. Flow velocity profiles in gravel-bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1994, 120:60-80.
    • (1994) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.120 , pp. 60-80
    • Ferro, V.1    Baiamonte, G.2
  • 70
    • 0033857657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incomplete self-similarity and flow velocity in gravel bed channels
    • Ferro V., Pecoraro R. Incomplete self-similarity and flow velocity in gravel bed channels. Water Resour. Res. 2000, 36:2761-2769.
    • (2000) Water Resour. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 2761-2769
    • Ferro, V.1    Pecoraro, R.2
  • 71
    • 0002857006 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent transport in flexible plant canopies
    • D Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, B.A. Hutchinson, B.B. Hicks (Eds.)
    • Finnigan J.J. Turbulent transport in flexible plant canopies. The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction 1985, 443-480. D Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. B.A. Hutchinson, B.B. Hicks (Eds.).
    • (1985) The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction , pp. 443-480
    • Finnigan, J.J.1
  • 72
    • 34848920114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robert Manning, A Historical Perspective
    • United States Army Engineer Research and Development Centre, Vicksberg, MS
    • Fischenich C. Robert Manning, A Historical Perspective. EMRRP Technical Notes Collection, ERDC TN-EMRRP-SR-10 2000, United States Army Engineer Research and Development Centre, Vicksberg, MS.
    • (2000) EMRRP Technical Notes Collection, ERDC TN-EMRRP-SR-10
    • Fischenich, C.1
  • 73
    • 0001312036 scopus 로고
    • Free surface, velocity gradient flow past hemisphere
    • Flammer G.H., Tullis P., Mason E.S. Free surface, velocity gradient flow past hemisphere. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 1970, 96:1485-1502.
    • (1970) J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE , vol.96 , pp. 1485-1502
    • Flammer, G.H.1    Tullis, P.2    Mason, E.S.3
  • 74
    • 84862667706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do alternate bars affect sediment transport and flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers?
    • Francalanci S., Solari L., Toffolon M., Parker G. Do alternate bars affect sediment transport and flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers?. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2012, 37. 10.1002/esp.3217.
    • (2012) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.37
    • Francalanci, S.1    Solari, L.2    Toffolon, M.3    Parker, G.4
  • 75
    • 2142653204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bedload transport resistance in rough open-channel flows
    • Gao P., Abrahams A. Bedload transport resistance in rough open-channel flows. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2004, 29. 10.1002/esp.1038.
    • (2004) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.29
    • Gao, P.1    Abrahams, A.2
  • 76
    • 0030485563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oscillating turbulent flow over very rough surfaces
    • Giménez-Curto L.A., Corniero Lera M.A. Oscillating turbulent flow over very rough surfaces. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101(C9):20,745-20,785.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.C9 , pp. 20745-20785
    • Giménez-Curto, L.A.1    Corniero Lera, M.A.2
  • 77
    • 0027790261 scopus 로고
    • Roughness of stable armoured gravel beds
    • Gomez B. Roughness of stable armoured gravel beds. Water Resour. Res. 1993, 29:3631-3642.
    • (1993) Water Resour. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 3631-3642
    • Gomez, B.1
  • 79
    • 16444384288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling flow resistance in vegetated streams: a review and development of new theory
    • Green J.C. Modelling flow resistance in vegetated streams: a review and development of new theory. Hydrol. Process. 2005, 19:1245-1259.
    • (2005) Hydrol. Process. , vol.19 , pp. 1245-1259
    • Green, J.C.1
  • 80
    • 27644530205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choice of percentiles and axes to determine grain resistance
    • Green J.C. Choice of percentiles and axes to determine grain resistance. J. Hydraul. Eng. 2005, 131:1007-1010.
    • (2005) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.131 , pp. 1007-1010
    • Green, J.C.1
  • 81
    • 0019715266 scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance in coarse-gravel bed rivers
    • Griffiths G.A. Flow resistance in coarse-gravel bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 1981, 107:899-918.
    • (1981) J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE , vol.107 , pp. 899-918
    • Griffiths, G.A.1
  • 82
    • 70549087998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of hydrologic processes and geomorphology on the morphology and evolution of sediment clusters in gravel-bed rivers
    • Hendrick R.R., Ely L.L., Papanicolaou A.N. The role of hydrologic processes and geomorphology on the morphology and evolution of sediment clusters in gravel-bed rivers. Geomorphology 2010, 114:483-496.
    • (2010) Geomorphology , vol.114 , pp. 483-496
    • Hendrick, R.R.1    Ely, L.L.2    Papanicolaou, A.N.3
  • 83
    • 69949104870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial laser scanning of grain roughness in a gravel-bed river
    • Heritage G.L., Milan D.J. Terrestrial laser scanning of grain roughness in a gravel-bed river. Geomorphology 2009, 113:4-11.
    • (2009) Geomorphology , vol.113 , pp. 4-11
    • Heritage, G.L.1    Milan, D.J.2
  • 84
    • 0018456772 scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers
    • Hey R.D. Flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 1979, 105:365-379.
    • (1979) J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE , vol.105 , pp. 365-379
    • Hey, R.D.1
  • 85
    • 0001528487 scopus 로고
    • Bar form resistance in gravel-bed rivers
    • Hey R.D. Bar form resistance in gravel-bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1988, 114:1498-1508.
    • (1988) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.114 , pp. 1498-1508
    • Hey, R.D.1
  • 87
    • 84903440743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grain scale approaches to modelling and measuring fluvial sedimentology and bedload transport. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge.
    • Hodge, R.A., 2007. Grain scale approaches to modelling and measuring fluvial sedimentology and bedload transport. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge.
    • (2007)
    • Hodge, R.A.1
  • 88
    • 77649192331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using simulated Terrestrial Laser Scanning to analyse errors in high-resolution scan data of irregular surfaces
    • Hodge R.A. Using simulated Terrestrial Laser Scanning to analyse errors in high-resolution scan data of irregular surfaces. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 2010, 65:227-240.
    • (2010) ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. , vol.65 , pp. 227-240
    • Hodge, R.A.1
  • 89
    • 69249229708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ characterization of grain-scale fluvial morphology using Terrestrial Laser Scanning
    • Hodge R.A., Brasington J., Richards K. In situ characterization of grain-scale fluvial morphology using Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2009, 34:954-968.
    • (2009) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.34 , pp. 954-968
    • Hodge, R.A.1    Brasington, J.2    Richards, K.3
  • 90
    • 77649087449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysing laser-scanned digital terrain models of gravel bed surfaces: linking morphology to sediment transport processes and hydraulics
    • Hodge R.A., Brasington J., Richards K. Analysing laser-scanned digital terrain models of gravel bed surfaces: linking morphology to sediment transport processes and hydraulics. Sedimentology 2009, 56:2024-2043.
    • (2009) Sedimentology , vol.56 , pp. 2024-2043
    • Hodge, R.A.1    Brasington, J.2    Richards, K.3
  • 91
    • 0021642768 scopus 로고
    • Hydraulics of high-gradient streams
    • Jarrett R.D. Hydraulics of high-gradient streams. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1984, 110:1519-1539.
    • (1984) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.110 , pp. 1519-1539
    • Jarrett, R.D.1
  • 92
    • 0023599578 scopus 로고
    • Errors in slope-area computations of peak discharges in mountain streams
    • Jarrett R.D. Errors in slope-area computations of peak discharges in mountain streams. J. Hydrol. 1987, 96:53-67.
    • (1987) J. Hydrol. , vol.96 , pp. 53-67
    • Jarrett, R.D.1
  • 93
    • 0025447541 scopus 로고
    • Hydrologic and hydraulic research in mountain rivers
    • Jarrett R.D. Hydrologic and hydraulic research in mountain rivers. Water Resour. Bull. 1990, 26:419-429.
    • (1990) Water Resour. Bull. , vol.26 , pp. 419-429
    • Jarrett, R.D.1
  • 94
  • 95
    • 0030082329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty of hydraulic parameters
    • Johnson P.A. Uncertainty of hydraulic parameters. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1996, 122:112-114.
    • (1996) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.122 , pp. 112-114
    • Johnson, P.A.1
  • 96
    • 0004017189 scopus 로고
    • Hydraulics of large bed element channels
    • Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan
    • Judd H.E., Peterson D.F. Hydraulics of large bed element channels. Report PRWG 17-6 1969, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan.
    • (1969) Report PRWG 17-6
    • Judd, H.E.1    Peterson, D.F.2
  • 99
    • 38349008826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation and verification of theoretical rating curves in the Whitewater River Basin, Kansas
    • Kean J.W., Smith J.D. Generation and verification of theoretical rating curves in the Whitewater River Basin, Kansas. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110. 10.1029/2004JF000250.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Kean, J.W.1    Smith, J.D.2
  • 100
    • 34147170687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Form drag in rivers due to small-scale natural topographic features: 1. Regular sequences
    • Kean J.W., Smith J.D. Form drag in rivers due to small-scale natural topographic features: 1. Regular sequences. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111. 10.1029/2006JF000467.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Kean, J.W.1    Smith, J.D.2
  • 101
    • 34147170687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Form drag in rivers due to small-scale natural topographic features: 2. Irregular sequences
    • Kean J.W., Smith J.D. Form drag in rivers due to small-scale natural topographic features: 2. Irregular sequences. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111. 10.1029/2006JF000490.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Kean, J.W.1    Smith, J.D.2
  • 102
    • 0000087351 scopus 로고
    • Laws of turbulent flow in open channels
    • Keulegan G.H. Laws of turbulent flow in open channels. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 1938, 21:707-741.
    • (1938) J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. , vol.21 , pp. 707-741
    • Keulegan, G.H.1
  • 103
    • 24644452582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing the ca. 100year flood in Northern Thailand
    • Kidson R., Richards K.S., Carling P.A. Reconstructing the ca. 100year flood in Northern Thailand. Geomorphology 2005, 70:279-295.
    • (2005) Geomorphology , vol.70 , pp. 279-295
    • Kidson, R.1    Richards, K.S.2    Carling, P.A.3
  • 104
    • 50849111451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigations of the law-of-the-wall over sparse roughness elements
    • King J., Nickling W.G., Gillies J.A. Investigations of the law-of-the-wall over sparse roughness elements. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113. 10.1029/2007JF000804.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • King, J.1    Nickling, W.G.2    Gillies, J.A.3
  • 107
    • 14844347344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roughness-time for a re-evaluation?
    • Lane S.N. Roughness-time for a re-evaluation?. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2005, 30:251-253.
    • (2005) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.30 , pp. 251-253
    • Lane, S.N.1
  • 108
    • 39149144873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of empirical equations for estimating stream roughness and their application to four streams in Victoria
    • Lang S., Ladson T., Anderson B. A review of empirical equations for estimating stream roughness and their application to four streams in Victoria. Aust. J. Water Resour. 2004, 8:69-82.
    • (2004) Aust. J. Water Resour. , vol.8 , pp. 69-82
    • Lang, S.1    Ladson, T.2    Anderson, B.3
  • 109
    • 0002803318 scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships between bed norphology and bed-material transport for a small, gravel-bed channel
    • Laronne J.B., Carson M.A. Interrelationships between bed norphology and bed-material transport for a small, gravel-bed channel. Sedimentology 1976, 23:67-85.
    • (1976) Sedimentology , vol.23 , pp. 67-85
    • Laronne, J.B.1    Carson, M.A.2
  • 110
    • 0031464190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroscale surface roughness and frictional resistance in overland flow
    • Lawrence D.S.L. Macroscale surface roughness and frictional resistance in overland flow. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 1997, 22:365-382.
    • (1997) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.22 , pp. 365-382
    • Lawrence, D.S.L.1
  • 111
    • 0033861016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydraulic resistance in overland flow during partial and marginal surface inundation: experimental observations and modelling
    • Lawrence D.S.L. Hydraulic resistance in overland flow during partial and marginal surface inundation: experimental observations and modelling. Water Resour. Res. 2000, 36:2381-2393.
    • (2000) Water Resour. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 2381-2393
    • Lawrence, D.S.L.1
  • 112
    • 0036290244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Velocity and flow resistance in step-pool streams
    • Lee A.J., Ferguson R.I. Velocity and flow resistance in step-pool streams. Geomorphology 2002, 46:59-71.
    • (2002) Geomorphology , vol.46 , pp. 59-71
    • Lee, A.J.1    Ferguson, R.I.2
  • 117
    • 44049103710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equivalent roughness of gravel-bed rivers
    • López R., Barragán J. Equivalent roughness of gravel-bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 2008, 134:847-851.
    • (2008) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.134 , pp. 847-851
    • López, R.1    Barragán, J.2
  • 118
    • 34247137291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance equations without explicit estimation of the resistance coefficient for coarse-grained rivers
    • López R., Barragán J., Colomer M.A. Flow resistance equations without explicit estimation of the resistance coefficient for coarse-grained rivers. J. Hydrol. 2007, 338:113-121.
    • (2007) J. Hydrol. , vol.338 , pp. 113-121
    • López, R.1    Barragán, J.2    Colomer, M.A.3
  • 119
    • 0033868411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress partitioning in streams with large woody debris
    • Manga M., Kirchner J.W. Stress partitioning in streams with large woody debris. Water Resour. Res. 2000, 36:2373-2379.
    • (2000) Water Resour. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 2373-2379
    • Manga, M.1    Kirchner, J.W.2
  • 120
    • 79960414739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grain size and topographical differences between static and mobile armoured layers
    • Mao L., Cooper J.R., Frostick L.E. Grain size and topographical differences between static and mobile armoured layers. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2011, 36:1321-1334.
    • (2011) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.36 , pp. 1321-1334
    • Mao, L.1    Cooper, J.R.2    Frostick, L.E.3
  • 122
    • 0027095111 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of methods for estimating Manning's n in small mountain streams
    • Marcus W.A., Roberts K., Harvey L., Tackman G. An evaluation of methods for estimating Manning's n in small mountain streams. Mt. Res. Dev. 1992, 12:227-239.
    • (1992) Mt. Res. Dev. , vol.12 , pp. 227-239
    • Marcus, W.A.1    Roberts, K.2    Harvey, L.3    Tackman, G.4
  • 123
    • 1242322601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of small-scale gravel-bed topography during armouring
    • Marion A., Tait S.J., McEwan I.K. Analysis of small-scale gravel-bed topography during armouring. Water Resour. Res. 2003, 39. 10.1029/2003WR002367.
    • (2003) Water Resour. Res. , vol.39
    • Marion, A.1    Tait, S.J.2    McEwan, I.K.3
  • 125
    • 0004180181 scopus 로고
    • Van Nostrand Reinhold (UK), Wokingham
    • Massey B.S. Mechanics of Fluids 1983, Van Nostrand Reinhold (UK), Wokingham. 5th edition.
    • (1983) Mechanics of Fluids
    • Massey, B.S.1
  • 126
    • 31144449934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuzzy analysis of slope-area discharge estimates
    • McCuen R.H., Knight Z. Fuzzy analysis of slope-area discharge estimates. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 2006, 132:64-69.
    • (2006) J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. , vol.132 , pp. 64-69
    • McCuen, R.H.1    Knight, Z.2
  • 129
    • 0032675597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grain and form resistance in gravel-bed rivers
    • Millar R.G. Grain and form resistance in gravel-bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Res. 1999, 37:303-312.
    • (1999) J. Hydraul. Res. , vol.37 , pp. 303-312
    • Millar, R.G.1
  • 130
    • 84874997398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Channel reach morphology in mountain drainage basins
    • Montgomery D.R., Buffington J.M. Channel reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 1997, 109:596-611.
    • (1997) Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. , vol.109 , pp. 596-611
    • Montgomery, D.R.1    Buffington, J.M.2
  • 131
    • 85146230273 scopus 로고
    • Friction factors for pipe flow
    • Moody L.F. Friction factors for pipe flow. Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. 1944, 66:671-684.
    • (1944) Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. , vol.66 , pp. 671-684
    • Moody, L.F.1
  • 132
    • 0001506701 scopus 로고
    • A new concept of flow in rough conduits
    • Morris H.M. A new concept of flow in rough conduits. Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1955, 120:373-410.
    • (1955) Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. , vol.120 , pp. 373-410
    • Morris, H.M.1
  • 134
    • 0023520763 scopus 로고
    • Bedforms in gravel-bed rivers
    • Blackwell, Oxford, K.S. Richards (Ed.) River Channels: Environment and Process
    • Naden P., Brayshaw A.C. Bedforms in gravel-bed rivers. IBG Special Publication 18 1987, 249-271. Blackwell, Oxford. K.S. Richards (Ed.).
    • (1987) IBG Special Publication 18 , pp. 249-271
    • Naden, P.1    Brayshaw, A.C.2
  • 137
    • 84868307862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrodynamics of gravel-bed rivers: scale issues
    • Elsevier Science, London, H. Habersack, H. Piegay, M. Rinaldi (Eds.)
    • Nikora V. Hydrodynamics of gravel-bed rivers: scale issues. Gravel-Bed Rivers VI: From Process Understanding to River Restoration 2008, 61-81. Elsevier Science, London. H. Habersack, H. Piegay, M. Rinaldi (Eds.).
    • (2008) Gravel-Bed Rivers VI: From Process Understanding to River Restoration , pp. 61-81
    • Nikora, V.1
  • 138
    • 12544252369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water-worked gravel-surfaces: high-order structure functions at the particle scale
    • Nikora V., Walsh J. Water-worked gravel-surfaces: high-order structure functions at the particle scale. Water Resour. Res. 2004, 40. 10.1029/2004WR003346.
    • (2004) Water Resour. Res. , vol.40
    • Nikora, V.1    Walsh, J.2
  • 141
    • 34547105107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double averaging concept for rough bed open-channel and overland flows: theoretical background
    • Nikora V., McEwan I., Mclean S., Coleman S., Pokrajac D., Walters R. Double averaging concept for rough bed open-channel and overland flows: theoretical background. J. Hydraul. Eng. 2007, 133:873-883.
    • (2007) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.133 , pp. 873-883
    • Nikora, V.1    McEwan, I.2    Mclean, S.3    Coleman, S.4    Pokrajac, D.5    Walters, R.6
  • 143
    • 0008052309 scopus 로고
    • Stromungsgesetz in rauhren rohren, vDI Forschungshefte361 (English translation: Laws of flow in rough pipes)
    • National Advisory Commission for Aeronautics, Washington, DC, USA, (1950)
    • Nikuradse J. Stromungsgesetz in rauhren rohren, vDI Forschungshefte361 (English translation: Laws of flow in rough pipes). Tech. Rep. NACA Technical Memorandum 1292 1933, National Advisory Commission for Aeronautics, Washington, DC, USA, (1950).
    • (1933) Tech. Rep. NACA Technical Memorandum 1292
    • Nikuradse, J.1
  • 144
    • 84871361463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroroughness and variations in reach-averaged flow resistance in steep mountain streams
    • Nitsche M., Rickenmann D., Kirchner J.W., Turowski J.M., Badoux A. Macroroughness and variations in reach-averaged flow resistance in steep mountain streams. Water Resour. Res. 2012, 48:W12518. 10.1029/2012WR012091.
    • (2012) Water Resour. Res. , vol.48
    • Nitsche, M.1    Rickenmann, D.2    Kirchner, J.W.3    Turowski, J.M.4    Badoux, A.5
  • 145
    • 0242725573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of river bed surface roughnesses using 2D wavelet transform-based methods
    • Nyander A., Addison P.S., McEwan I., Pender G. Analysis of river bed surface roughnesses using 2D wavelet transform-based methods. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 2003, 28:107-122.
    • (2003) Arab. J. Sci. Eng. , vol.28 , pp. 107-122
    • Nyander, A.1    Addison, P.S.2    McEwan, I.3    Pender, G.4
  • 147
    • 84856014522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of fractals to quantify the morphology of cluster microforms
    • Papanicolaou A.N., Tsakiris A.G., Strom K.B. The use of fractals to quantify the morphology of cluster microforms. Geomorphology 2012, 139:91-108.
    • (2012) Geomorphology , vol.139 , pp. 91-108
    • Papanicolaou, A.N.1    Tsakiris, A.G.2    Strom, K.B.3
  • 148
    • 72849118197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport of gravel and sediment mixtures
    • American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia, M.H. Garcia (Ed.)
    • Parker G. Transport of gravel and sediment mixtures. Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modelling and Practice 2008, 165-252. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia. M.H. Garcia (Ed.).
    • (2008) Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modelling and Practice , pp. 165-252
    • Parker, G.1
  • 149
    • 0019104939 scopus 로고
    • Bar resistance of gravel-bed streams
    • Parker G., Peterson A.W. Bar resistance of gravel-bed streams. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 1980, 106:1559-1575.
    • (1980) J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE , vol.106 , pp. 1559-1575
    • Parker, G.1    Peterson, A.W.2
  • 150
    • 0023523424 scopus 로고
    • Palaeoflood hydrology of the Salt River, Arizona
    • Partridge J., Baker V.R. Palaeoflood hydrology of the Salt River, Arizona. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 1987, 12:109-125.
    • (1987) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.12 , pp. 109-125
    • Partridge, J.1    Baker, V.R.2
  • 153
    • 0020591971 scopus 로고
    • Bar resistance in gravel bed streams at bankfull stage
    • Prestegaard K. Bar resistance in gravel bed streams at bankfull stage. Water Resour. Res. 1983, 19:472-476.
    • (1983) Water Resour. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 472-476
    • Prestegaard, K.1
  • 154
    • 84861715229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On characterisation of the imbrication of armoured gravel surfaces
    • Qin J., Zhong D., Wang G., Ng S.L. On characterisation of the imbrication of armoured gravel surfaces. Geomorphology 2012, 159:116-124.
    • (2012) Geomorphology , vol.159 , pp. 116-124
    • Qin, J.1    Zhong, D.2    Wang, G.3    Ng, S.L.4
  • 155
    • 0026359527 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of flood discharge estimates
    • Quick M.C. Reliability of flood discharge estimates. Can. J. Civ. Eng. 1991, 18:624-630.
    • (1991) Can. J. Civ. Eng. , vol.18 , pp. 624-630
    • Quick, M.C.1
  • 156
    • 0019902571 scopus 로고
    • Averaging procedures for flow within vegetation canopies
    • Raupach M.R., Shaw R.H. Averaging procedures for flow within vegetation canopies. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 1982, 22:79-90.
    • (1982) Bound.-Layer Meteorol. , vol.22 , pp. 79-90
    • Raupach, M.R.1    Shaw, R.H.2
  • 157
    • 0030439139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: the mixing-layer analogy
    • Raupach M.R., Finnigan J.J., Brunet Y. Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: the mixing-layer analogy. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 1996, 78:351-382.
    • (1996) Bound.-Layer Meteorol. , vol.78 , pp. 351-382
    • Raupach, M.R.1    Finnigan, J.J.2    Brunet, Y.3
  • 158
    • 46149095082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback between bed load transport and flow resistance in gavel and cobble bed rivers
    • Recking A., Frey P., Paquier A., Belleudy P., Champagne J.Y. Feedback between bed load transport and flow resistance in gavel and cobble bed rivers. Water Resour. Res. 2008, 44. 10.1029/2007WR006219.
    • (2008) Water Resour. Res. , vol.44
    • Recking, A.1    Frey, P.2    Paquier, A.3    Belleudy, P.4    Champagne, J.Y.5
  • 161
    • 0026288070 scopus 로고
    • Fluvial geomorphology: structured beds in gravelly rivers
    • Richards K.S., Clifford N. Fluvial geomorphology: structured beds in gravelly rivers. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 1991, 15:407-422.
    • (1991) Prog. Phys. Geogr. , vol.15 , pp. 407-422
    • Richards, K.S.1    Clifford, N.2
  • 162
    • 0026253651 scopus 로고
    • Hyperconcentrated flow and sediment transport at steep slopes
    • Rickenmann D. Hyperconcentrated flow and sediment transport at steep slopes. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1991, 117:1419-1439.
    • (1991) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.117 , pp. 1419-1439
    • Rickenmann, D.1
  • 163
    • 79960896522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers though a large field data set
    • Rickenmann D., Recking A. Evaluation of flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers though a large field data set. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47. 10.1029/2010WR009793.
    • (2011) Water Resour. Res. , vol.47
    • Rickenmann, D.1    Recking, A.2
  • 164
    • 0000892810 scopus 로고
    • Statistical properties of sediment bed profiles in alluvial channels
    • Robert A. Statistical properties of sediment bed profiles in alluvial channels. Math. Geol. 1988, 20:205-225.
    • (1988) Math. Geol. , vol.20 , pp. 205-225
    • Robert, A.1
  • 165
    • 0025224660 scopus 로고
    • Boundary roughness in coarse-grained channels
    • Robert A. Boundary roughness in coarse-grained channels. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 1990, 14:42-70.
    • (1990) Prog. Phys. Geogr. , vol.14 , pp. 42-70
    • Robert, A.1
  • 166
    • 0026096275 scopus 로고
    • Fractal properties of simulated bed profiles in coarse-grained channels
    • Robert A. Fractal properties of simulated bed profiles in coarse-grained channels. Math. Geol. 1991, 23:367-382.
    • (1991) Math. Geol. , vol.23 , pp. 367-382
    • Robert, A.1
  • 167
    • 0002609977 scopus 로고
    • Critical analysis of open-channel flow resistance
    • Rouse H. Critical analysis of open-channel flow resistance. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 1965, 91:1-25.
    • (1965) J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE , vol.91 , pp. 1-25
    • Rouse, H.1
  • 168
    • 35348962574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on "Flow resistance equations without explicit estimation of the resistance coefficient for coarse-grained rivers" by Raúl López, Javier Barragán, and M. Àngels
    • Rupp D.E., Smart G.M. Comment on "Flow resistance equations without explicit estimation of the resistance coefficient for coarse-grained rivers" by Raúl López, Javier Barragán, and M. Àngels. J. Hydrol. 2007, 346:174-178. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.08.024.
    • (2007) J. Hydrol. , vol.346 , pp. 174-178
    • Rupp, D.E.1    Smart, G.M.2
  • 170
    • 84895024662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Henry Darcy (1803-1858): immortalised by his scientific legacy
    • Simmons C.T. Henry Darcy (1803-1858): immortalised by his scientific legacy. Hydrogeol. J. 2008, 16:1023-1038.
    • (2008) Hydrogeol. J. , vol.16 , pp. 1023-1038
    • Simmons, C.T.1
  • 172
    • 0036610281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relatively rough flow resistance equations
    • Smart G.M., Duncan M.J., Walsh J.M. Relatively rough flow resistance equations. J. Hydraul. Eng. 2002, 128:568-577.
    • (2002) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.128 , pp. 568-577
    • Smart, G.M.1    Duncan, M.J.2    Walsh, J.M.3
  • 173
    • 0032005645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of bed-load movement on flow friction factor
    • Song T., Chiew Y.M., Chin C.O. Effect of bed-load movement on flow friction factor. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1998, 124:165-175.
    • (1998) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.124 , pp. 165-175
    • Song, T.1    Chiew, Y.M.2    Chin, C.O.3
  • 174
    • 0003595635 scopus 로고
    • Beiträge zur Frage der Geschwindigkeitsformel und der Rauhigkeitszahlen für Ströme, Kanäle und geschlossene Leitungen
    • Mitteilungen des Eidgenossischen Amtes fur Wasserwirtschaft, Bern, Switzerland, (Translation T-10), T. Roesgan, W.R. Brownie (Eds.)
    • Strickler A. Contributions to the question of a velocity formula and roughness data for streams, channels and closed pipelines. W. M. Keck Lab of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Calif. Inst. Tech., Pasadena, Calif. January 1981 1923, 16. Mitteilungen des Eidgenossischen Amtes fur Wasserwirtschaft, Bern, Switzerland, (Translation T-10). T. Roesgan, W.R. Brownie (Eds.).
    • (1923) W. M. Keck Lab of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Calif. Inst. Tech., Pasadena, Calif. January 1981 , vol.16
    • Strickler, A.1
  • 175
    • 0018300342 scopus 로고
    • Hydraulics of a large channel paved with boulders
    • Thompson S.M., Campbell P.L. Hydraulics of a large channel paved with boulders. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1979, 17:341-354.
    • (1979) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.17 , pp. 341-354
    • Thompson, S.M.1    Campbell, P.L.2
  • 176
    • 0021818499 scopus 로고
    • Estimating mean velocity in mountain rivers
    • Thorne C.R., Zevenbergen L.W. Estimating mean velocity in mountain rivers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 1985, 111:612-624.
    • (1985) J. Hydraul. Eng. , vol.111 , pp. 612-624
    • Thorne, C.R.1    Zevenbergen, L.W.2
  • 177
    • 33745470934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential errors associated with stage-discharge relations for selected stream-flow gauging stations, Maricopa County, Arizona
    • Tillery A.C., Phillips J.V., Capesius J.P. Potential errors associated with stage-discharge relations for selected stream-flow gauging stations, Maricopa County, Arizona. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4224 2001.
    • (2001) USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4224
    • Tillery, A.C.1    Phillips, J.V.2    Capesius, J.P.3
  • 178
    • 0019926153 scopus 로고
    • Equivalent roughness of alluvial bed
    • van Rijn L.C. Equivalent roughness of alluvial bed. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 1982, 108:1215-1218.
    • (1982) J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE , vol.108 , pp. 1215-1218
    • van Rijn, L.C.1
  • 180
    • 0028594171 scopus 로고
    • Bias in regression estimate of Manning's n
    • American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, G.V. Cotroneo, R.R. Rumer (Eds.)
    • Wahl K.L. Bias in regression estimate of Manning's n. Proceedings ASCE Hydraulic Engineering '94 Conference, August 1-5, Buffalo, New York 1994, 727-731. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York. G.V. Cotroneo, R.R. Rumer (Eds.).
    • (1994) Proceedings ASCE Hydraulic Engineering '94 Conference, August 1-5, Buffalo, New York , pp. 727-731
    • Wahl, K.L.1
  • 181
    • 0142007613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HEC-RAS River Analysis System Applications Guide
    • US Army Corps of Engineers, Davis, CA
    • Warner J.C., Brunner G.W., Wolfe B.C., Piper S.S. HEC-RAS River Analysis System Applications Guide. Report CPD-70 2009, 29. US Army Corps of Engineers, Davis, CA.
    • (2009) Report CPD-70 , pp. 29
    • Warner, J.C.1    Brunner, G.W.2    Wolfe, B.C.3    Piper, S.S.4
  • 182
    • 2242457737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One dimensional estimation techniques for discharges of palaeofloods and historical floods
    • American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, P.K. House (Ed.)
    • Webb R.H., Jarrett R.D. One dimensional estimation techniques for discharges of palaeofloods and historical floods. Ancient Floods, Modern Hazards: Principles and Applications of Paleoflood Hydrology 2002, 111-125. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC. P.K. House (Ed.).
    • (2002) Ancient Floods, Modern Hazards: Principles and Applications of Paleoflood Hydrology , pp. 111-125
    • Webb, R.H.1    Jarrett, R.D.2
  • 184
  • 185
  • 186
    • 0026359859 scopus 로고
    • Convective accelerations and boundary shear stress over a channel bar
    • Whiting P.J., Dietrich W.E. Convective accelerations and boundary shear stress over a channel bar. Water Resour. Res. 1991, 27:783-796.
    • (1991) Water Resour. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 783-796
    • Whiting, P.J.1    Dietrich, W.E.2
  • 187
    • 0026359860 scopus 로고
    • Velocity distribution and bed roughness in high gradient streams
    • Wiberg P., Smith J.D. Velocity distribution and bed roughness in high gradient streams. Water Resour. Res. 1991, 27:825-838.
    • (1991) Water Resour. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 825-838
    • Wiberg, P.1    Smith, J.D.2
  • 189
    • 33745448267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance dynamics in step-pool channels: 1. Large woody debris and controls on total resistance
    • Wilcox A.C., Wohl E.E. Flow resistance dynamics in step-pool channels: 1. Large woody debris and controls on total resistance. Water Resour. Res. 2006, 42. 10.1029/2005WR004277.
    • (2006) Water Resour. Res. , vol.42
    • Wilcox, A.C.1    Wohl, E.E.2
  • 190
    • 33846029161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field measurements of three-dimensional hydraulics in a step-pool channel
    • Wilcox A.C., Wohl E.E. Field measurements of three-dimensional hydraulics in a step-pool channel. Geomorphology 2007, 83:215-231.
    • (2007) Geomorphology , vol.83 , pp. 215-231
    • Wilcox, A.C.1    Wohl, E.E.2
  • 191
    • 33745453907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance dynamics in step-;pool channels: 2. Partitioning between grain, spill and woody debris resistance
    • Wilcox A.C., Nelson J.M., Wohl E.E. Flow resistance dynamics in step-;pool channels: 2. Partitioning between grain, spill and woody debris resistance. Water Resour. Res. 2006, 42. 10.1029/2005WR004278.
    • (2006) Water Resour. Res. , vol.42
    • Wilcox, A.C.1    Nelson, J.M.2    Wohl, E.E.3
  • 192
    • 79960242252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydraulics, morphology and energy dissipation in an alpine step-pool channel
    • Wilcox A.C., Wohl E., Comiti F., Mao L. Hydraulics, morphology and energy dissipation in an alpine step-pool channel. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47. 10.1029/2010WR010192.
    • (2011) Water Resour. Res. , vol.47
    • Wilcox, A.C.1    Wohl, E.2    Comiti, F.3    Mao, L.4
  • 193
    • 0013725478 scopus 로고
    • A higher-order closure model for canopy flow
    • Wilson N.R., Shaw R.H. A higher-order closure model for canopy flow. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1977, 16:1198-1205.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.16 , pp. 1198-1205
    • Wilson, N.R.1    Shaw, R.H.2
  • 194
    • 0031745213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of roughness configuration on velocity profiles in an artificial channel
    • Wohl E.E., Ikeda H. The effect of roughness configuration on velocity profiles in an artificial channel. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 1998, 23:159-169.
    • (1998) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.23 , pp. 159-169
    • Wohl, E.E.1    Ikeda, H.2
  • 195
    • 0034052392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Velocity characteristics along a small step-pool channel
    • Wohl E.E., Thompson D.M. Velocity characteristics along a small step-pool channel. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 2000, 25:353-367.
    • (2000) Earth Surf. Process. Landf. , vol.25 , pp. 353-367
    • Wohl, E.E.1    Thompson, D.M.2
  • 197
    • 0003151823 scopus 로고
    • Hydraulic resistance in open channels
    • Water Resource Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colorado, B.C. Yen (Ed.)
    • Yen B.C. Hydraulic resistance in open channels. Channel Flow Resistance: Centennial of Manning's Formula 1991, 1-135. Water Resource Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colorado. B.C. Yen (Ed.).
    • (1991) Channel Flow Resistance: Centennial of Manning's Formula , pp. 1-135
    • Yen, B.C.1
  • 198
    • 84856781605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Velocity prediction in high-gradient channels
    • Yochum S.E., Bledsoe B.P., David G.C.L., Wohl E. Velocity prediction in high-gradient channels. J. Hydrol. 2012, 424:94-98. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.031.
    • (2012) J. Hydrol. , vol.424 , pp. 94-98
    • Yochum, S.E.1    Bledsoe, B.P.2    David, G.C.L.3    Wohl, E.4
  • 199
    • 77957721137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow resistance in steep streams: an experimental study
    • Zimmermann A. Flow resistance in steep streams: an experimental study. Water Resour. Res. 2010, 46. 10.1029/2009WR007913.
    • (2010) Water Resour. Res. , vol.46
    • Zimmermann, A.1
  • 200
    • 0034797033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Channel morphology, gradient profiles and bed stresses during flood in a step-pool channel
    • Zimmermann A., Church M. Channel morphology, gradient profiles and bed stresses during flood in a step-pool channel. Geomorphology 2001, 40:311-327. 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00057-5.
    • (2001) Geomorphology , vol.40 , pp. 311-327
    • Zimmermann, A.1    Church, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.