High-density lipoprotein subfractions: Current views and clinical practice applications

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 25, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 329-336

  Martin, Seth S ^a   Jones, Steven R ^a   Toth, Peter P ^a,b,c  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CGH Medical Center   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS   (United States)

Author keywords

Cholesterol; Function; High density lipoprotein (HDL); Particles; Subfractions

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN INHIBITOR; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN 3; LIPIDOME; PROTEOME; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL PRACTICE; EXERCISE; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE; METABOLISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW;

CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS, HDL;

EID: 84903439480     PISSN: 10432760     EISSN: 18793061     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.05.005     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Toth P.P., et al. High-density lipoproteins: a consensus statement from the National Lipid Association. J. Clin. Lipidol. 2013, 7:484-525.
2. Heinecke J.W. The not-so-simple HDL story: a new era for quantifying HDL and cardiovascular risk?. Nat. Med. 2012, 18:1346-1347.
3. Kontush A., Chapman M.J. Antiatherogenic function of HDL particle subpopulations: focus on antioxidative activities. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2010, 21:312-318.
4. Rizzo M., et al. Subfractions and subpopulations of HDL: an update. Curr. Med. Chem. 2014, 10.2174/0929867321666140414103455.
5. Rosenson R.S., et al. HDL measures, particle heterogeneity, proposed nomenclature, and relation to atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Clin. Chem. 2011, 57:392-410.
6. Rayner K.J., Moore K.J. MicroRNA control of high-density lipoprotein metabolism and function. Circ. Res. 2014, 114:183-192.
7. Teslovich T.M., et al. Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids. Nature 2010, 466:707-713.
8. Yancey P.G., et al. High density lipoprotein phospholipid composition is a major determinant of the bi-directional flux and net movement of cellular free cholesterol mediated by scavenger receptor BI. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:36596-36604.
9. Covey S.D., et al. Scavenger receptor class B type I-mediated protection against atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-negative mice involves its expression in bone marrow-derived cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003, 23:1589-1594.
10. Vergeer M., et al. Genetic variant of the scavenger receptor BI in humans. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011, 364:136-145.
11. Zhang Y., et al. Hepatic expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a positive regulator of macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 2005, 115:2870-2874.
12. Nakaya K., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport through a liver X receptor-dependent pathway. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2011, 31:1276-1282.
13. Gu X., et al. The efficient cellular uptake of high density lipoprotein lipids via scavenger receptor class B type I requires not only receptor-mediated surface binding but also receptor-specific lipid transfer mediated by its extracellular domain. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:26338-26348.
14. Shah A.S., et al. Proteomic diversity of high density lipoproteins: our emerging understanding of its importance in lipid transport and beyond. J. Lipid Res. 2013, 54:2575-2585.
15. James R.W., et al. Protein heterogeneity of lipoprotein particles containing apolipoprotein A-I without apolipoprotein A-II and apolipoprotein A-I with apolipoprotein A-II isolated from human plasma. J. Lipid Res. 1988, 29:1557-1571.
16. Brousseau M.E., et al. Effects of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition on high-density lipoprotein subspecies, apolipoprotein A-I metabolism, and fecal sterol excretion. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2005, 25:1057-1064.
17. Brousseau M.E., et al. Effects of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition on apolipoprotein A-II-containing HDL subspecies and apolipoprotein A-II metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 2009, 50:1456-1462.
18. Glomset J.A. The plasma lecithins:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction. J. Lipid Res. 1968, 9:155-167.
19. Calabresi L., Franceschini G. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, high-density lipoproteins, and atheroprotection in humans. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 2010, 20:50-53.
20. Vanhollebeke B., et al. Distinct roles of haptoglobin-related protein and apolipoprotein L-I in trypanolysis by human serum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2007, 104:4118-4123.
21. Vaisar T., et al. HDL in humans with cardiovascular disease exhibits a proteomic signature. Clin. Chim. Acta 2010, 411:972-979.
22. Alwaili K., et al. The HDL proteome in acute coronary syndromes shifts to an inflammatory profile. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2012, 1821:405-415.
23. Heinecke J.W. The HDL proteome: a marker - and perhaps mediator - of coronary artery disease. J. Lipid Res. 2009, 50(Suppl.):S167-S171.
24. Yamamoto S., et al. Dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein in patients on chronic hemodialysis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012, 60:2372-2379.
25. Otocka-Kmiecik A., et al. Dysfunctional HDL: a novel important diagnostic and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease?. Prog. Lipid Res. 2012, 51:314-324.
26. Serban C., et al. Dysfunctional HDL: the journey from savior to slayer. Clin. Lipidol. 2014, 9:49-59.
27. Wiesner P., et al. Lipid profiling of FPLC-separated lipoprotein fractions by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J. Lipid Res. 2009, 50:574-585.
28. Yetukuri L., et al. Composition and lipid spatial distribution of HDL particles in subjects with low and high HDL-cholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 2010, 51:2341-2351.
29. Quehenberger O., et al. Lipidomics reveals a remarkable diversity of lipids in human plasma. J. Lipid Res. 2010, 51:3299-3305.
30. Kontush A., et al. Preferential sphingosine-1-phosphate enrichment and sphingomyelin depletion are key features of small dense HDL3 particles: relevance to antiapoptotic and antioxidative activities. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2007, 27:1843-1849.
31. Nofer J.R., Assmann G. Atheroprotective effects of high-density lipoprotein-associated lysosphingolipids. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 2005, 15:265-271.
32. Scherer M., et al. Sphingolipid profiling of human plasma and FPLC-separated lipoprotein fractions by hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2011, 1811:68-75.
33. Stahlman M., et al. Dyslipidemia, but not hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, is associated with marked alterations in the HDL lipidome in type 2 diabetic subjects in the DIWA cohort: impact on small HDL particles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2013, 1831:1609-1617.
34. Rosenson R.S., et al. Translation of high-density lipoprotein function into clinical practice: current prospects and future challenges. Circulation 2013, 128:1256-1267.
35. Rosenson R.S., et al. Cholesterol efflux and atheroprotection: advancing the concept of reverse cholesterol transport. Circulation 2012, 125:1905-1919.
36. Khera A.V., et al. Cholesterol efflux capacity, high-density lipoprotein function, and atherosclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011, 364:127-135.
37. De Nardo D., et al. High-density lipoprotein mediates anti-inflammatory reprogramming of macrophages via the transcriptional regulator ATF3. Nat. Immunol. 2014, 15:152-160.
38. Toth P.P. Activation of intracellular signaling systems by high-density lipoproteins. J. Clin. Lipidol. 2010, 4:376-381.
39. Camont L., et al. Small, dense high-density lipoprotein-3 particles are enriched in negatively charged phospholipids: relevance to cellular cholesterol efflux, antioxidative, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic functionalities. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2013, 33:2715-2723.
40. Camont L., et al. Biological activities of HDL subpopulations and their relevance to cardiovascular disease. Trends Mol. Med. 2011, 17:594-603.
41. de Souza J.A., et al. Small, dense HDL 3 particles attenuate apoptosis in endothelial cells: pivotal role of apolipoprotein A-I. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2010, 14:608-620.
42. Superko H.R., et al. High-density lipoprotein subclasses and their relationship to cardiovascular disease. J. Clin. Lipidol. 2012, 6:496-523.
43. Gofman J.W., et al. Ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and longevity. Circulation 1966, 34:679-697.
44. Kulkarni K.R., et al. Quantification of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol by the Vertical Auto Profile-II (VAP-II) methodology. J. Lipid Res. 1997, 38:2353-2364.
45. Yu S., et al. High density lipoprotein subfractions and the risk of coronary heart disease: 9-years follow-up in the Caerphilly Study. Atherosclerosis 2003, 166:331-338.
46. Williams P.T. Low high-density lipoprotein 3 reduces the odds of men surviving to age 85 during 53-year follow-up. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2012, 60:430-436.
47. deGoma E.M., et al. Clinical significance of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008, 51:49-55.
48. Mackey R.H., et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and particle concentrations, carotid atherosclerosis, and coronary events: MESA (multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012, 60:508-516.
49. Mora S., et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, size, particle number, and residual vascular risk after potent statin therapy. Circulation 2013, 128:1189-1197.
50. Wood P.D., et al. Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise. N. Engl. J. Med. 1988, 319:1173-1179.
51. Haskell W.L., et al. The effect of cessation and resumption of moderate alcohol intake on serum high-density-lipoprotein subfractions. A controlled study. N. Engl. J. Med. 1984, 310:805-810.
52. Gaziano J.M., et al. Moderate alcohol intake, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein and its subfractions, and decreased risk of myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993, 329:1829-1834.
53. Schwartz G.G., et al. Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 2012, 367:2089-2099.
54. Brousseau M.E., et al. Effects of an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein on HDL cholesterol. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 350:1505-1515.
55. Cannon C.P., et al. Design of the DEFINE trial: determining the EFficacy and tolerability of CETP INhibition with AnacEtrapib. Am. Heart J. 2009, 158:513-519.
56. Nicholls S.J., et al. Effects of the CETP inhibitor evacetrapib administered as monotherapy or in combination with statins on HDL and LDL cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2011, 306:2099-2109.
57. Shepherd J., et al. Effects of nicotinic acid therapy on plasma high density lipoprotein subfraction distribution and composition and on apolipoprotein A metabolism. J. Clin. Invest. 1979, 63:858-867.
58. Khera A.V., et al. The addition of niacin to statin therapy improves high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but not metrics of functionality. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2013, 62:1909-1910.
59. Zambon A., et al. Effects of niacin combination therapy with statin or bile acid resin on lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 2014, 113:1494-1498.
60. Bruckert E., et al. Meta-analysis of the effect of nicotinic acid alone or in combination on cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2010, 210:353-361.
61. Lavigne P.M., Karas R.H. The current state of niacin in cardiovascular disease prevention: a systematic review and meta-regression. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2013, 61:440-446.
62. Jun M., et al. Effects of fibrates on cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2010, 375:1875-1884.
63. Rubins H.B., et al. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999, 341:410-418.
64. Stone N.J., et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2013, 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002.
65. An International Atherosclerosis Society Position Paper: global recommendations for the management of dyslipidemia - full report. J. Clin. Lipidol. 2014, 8:29-60. Expert Dyslipidemia Panel of the International Atherosclerosis Society Panel.
66. Catapano A.L., et al. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Atherosclerosis 2011, 217:3-46.
67. Anderson T.J., et al. 2012 update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult. Can. J. Cardiol. 2013, 29:151-167.
68. Asztalos B.F., et al. Metabolic and functional relevance of HDL subspecies. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2011, 22:176-185.
69. Kulkarni K.R. Cholesterol profile measurement by vertical auto profile method. Clin. Lab. Med. 2006, 26:787-802.
70. Martin S.S., et al. Very large database of lipids: rationale and design. Clin. Cardiol. 2013, 36:641-648.
71. Blanche P.J., et al. Characterization of human high-density lipoproteins by gradient gel electrophoresis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1981, 665:408-419.
72. Caulfield M.P., et al. Direct determination of lipoprotein particle sizes and concentrations by ion mobility analysis. Clin. Chem. 2008, 54:1307-1316.
73. Lounila J., et al. Effects of orientational order and particle size on the NMR line positions of lipoproteins. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994, 72:4049-4052.
74. Otvos J.D. Measurement of lipoprotein subclass profiles by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Clin. Lab. 2002, 48:171-180.
75. Jeyarajah E.J., et al. Lipoprotein particle analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Clin. Lab. Med. 2006, 26:847-870.