Observation of the full exciton and phonon fine structure in CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod heteronanocrystals

ACS Nano

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 5921-5931

  Granados Del Águila, Andrés ^a   Jha, Bhawana ^a   Pietra, Francesca ^b   Groeneveld, Esther ^b   De Mello Donegá, Celso ^b   Maan, Jan C ^a   Vanmaekelbergh, Daniël ^b   Christianen, Peter C M ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

acoustic phonons; core shell heterostructure; excitons; fluorescence line narrowing; magnetic fields; nanocrystals; optical phonons

Indexed keywords

EXCITONS; LIGHT EMISSION; MAGNETIC FIELDS; NANOCRYSTALS; QUANTUM THEORY;

ACOUSTIC PHONONS; CORE-SHELL HETEROSTRUCTURE; LINE-NARROWING; OPTICAL PHONON MODES; OPTICAL PHONONS; OPTICAL RECOMBINATION; RESONANT LASER EXCITATIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS;

PHONONS;

EID: 84903433695     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn501026t     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Klimov, V. I. Nanocrystal Quantum Dots, 2 nd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2010.
2. Efros, A. L.; Rosen, M.; Kuno, M.; Nirmal, M.; Norris, D. J.; Bawendi, M. Band-Edge Exciton in Quantum Dots of Semiconductors with a Degenerate Valence Band: Dark and Bright Exciton States Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1996, 54, 4843-4856
3. Norris, D. J.; Efros, A. L.; Rosen, M.; Bawendi, M. G. Size Dependence of Exciton Fine Structure in CdSe Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1996, 53, 16347-16354
4. Donegá, C. d. M. Synthesis and Properties of Colloidal Heteronanocrystals Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 1512-1546
5. Chin, P. T. K.; de Mello Donegá, C.; van Bavel, S. S.; Meskers, S. C. J.; Sommerdijk, N. A. J. M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Highly Luminescent CdTe/CdSe Colloidal Heteronanocrystals with Temperature-Dependent Emission Color J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 14880-14886 (Pubitemid 350230709)
6. Ivanov, S. A.; Piryatinski, A.; Nanda, J.; Tretiak, S.; Zavadil, K. R.; Wallace, W. O.; Werder, D.; Klimov, V. I. Type-II Core/Shell CdS/ZnSe Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Electronic Structures, and Spectroscopic Properties J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 11708-11719 (Pubitemid 47479918)
7. de Mello Donegá, C. Formation of Nanoscale Spatially Indirect Excitons: Evolution of the Type-II Optical Character of CdTe/CdSe Heteronanocrystals Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2010, 81, 165303
8. Brovelli, S.; Schaller, R. D.; Crooker, S. A.; García- Santamaría, F.; Chen, Y.; Viswanatha, R.; Hollingsworth, J. A.; Htoon, H.; Klimov, V. I. Nano-Engineered Electron-Hole Exchange Interaction Controls Exciton Dynamics in Core-Shell Semiconductor Nanocrystals Nat. Commun. 2011, 2, 280
9. Rainó, G.; Stó̂ferle, T.; Moreels, I.; Gomes, R.; Kamal, J. S.; Hens, Z.; Mahrt, R. F. Probing the Wave Function Delocalization in CdSe/CdS Dot-in-Rod Nanocrystals by Time- and Temperature-Resolved Spectroscopy ACS Nano 2011, 5, 4031-4036
10. Groeneveld, E.; van Berkum, S.; van Schooneveld, M. M.; Gloter, A.; Meeldijk, J. D.; van den Heuvel, D. J.; Gerritsen, H. C.; de Mello Donegá, C. Highly Luminescent (Zn,Cd)Te/CdSe Colloidal Heteronanowires with Tunable Electron-Hole Overlap Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 749-757
11. Rainó€, G.; Stó̂ferle, T.; Moreels, I.; Gomes, R.; Hens, Z.; Mahrt, R. F. Controlling the Exciton Fine Structure Splitting in CdSe/CdS Dot-in-Rod Nanojunctions ACS Nano 2012, 6, 1979-1987
12. Kim, S.; Fisher, B.; Eisler, H.-J.; Bawendi, M. Type-II Quantum Dots: CdTe/CdSe(Core/Shell) and CdSe/ZnTe(Core/Shell) Heterostructures J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 11466-11467 (Pubitemid 37210075)
13. Pandey, A.; Guyot-Sionnest, P. Slow Electron Cooling in Colloidal Quantum Dots Science 2008, 322, 929-932
14. He, J.; Zhong, H.; Scholes, G. D. Electron-Hole Overlap Dictates the Hole Spin Relaxation Rate in Nanocrystal Heterostructures Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105, 046601
15. Hewa-Kasakarage, N. N.; Kirsanova, M.; Nemchinov, A.; Schmall, N.; El-Khoury, P. Z.; Tarnovsky, A. N.; Zamkov, M. Radiative Recombination of Spatially Extended Excitons in (ZnSe/CdS)/CdS Heterostructured Nanorods J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1328-1334
16. Müller, J.; Lupton, J. M.; Lagoudakis, P. G.; Schindler, F.; Koeppe, R.; Rogach, A. L.; Feldmann, J.; Talapin, D. V.; Weller, H. Wave Function Engineering in Elongated Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Heterogeneous Carrier Confinement Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 2044-2049
17. Crooker, S. A.; Barrick, T.; Hollingsworth, J. A.; Klimov, V. I. Multiple Temperature Regimes of Radiative Decay in CdSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dots: Intrinsic Limits to the Dark-Exciton Lifetime Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, 2793-2795
18. de Mello Donegá, C.; Bode, M.; Meijerink, A. Size- and Temperature-Dependence of Exciton Lifetimes in CdSe Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2006, 74, 085320
19. Valerini, D.; Cretí, A.; Lomascolo, M.; Manna, L.; Cingolani, R.; Anni, M. Temperature Dependence of the Photoluminescence Properties of Colloidal CdSe/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots Embedded in a Polystyrene Matrix Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2005, 71, 235409
20. Nirmal, M.; Murray, C. B.; Bawendi, M. G. Fluorescence-Line Narrowing in CdSe Quantum Dots: Surface Localization of the Photogenerated Exciton Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1994, 50, 2293-2300
21. Furis, M.; Htoon, H.; Petruska, M. A.; Klimov, V. I.; Barrick, T.; Crooker, S. A. Bright-Exciton Fine Structure and Anisotropic Exchange in CdSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2006, 73, 241313
22. Wijnen, F. J. P.; Blokland, J. H.; Chin, P. T. K.; Christianen, P. C. M.; Maan, J. C. Competition between Zero-Phonon and Phonon-Assisted Luminescence in Colloidal CdSe Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2008, 78, 235318
23. Oron, D.; Aharoni, A.; de Mello Donegá, C.; van Rijssel, J.; Meijerink, A.; Banin, U. Universal Role of Discrete Acoustic Phonons in the Low-Temperature Optical Emission of Colloidal Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 177402
24. Nirmal, M.; Norris, D. J.; Kuno, M.; Bawendi, M. G.; Efros, A. L.; Rosen, M. Observation of the Dark Exciton in CdSe Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 75, 3728-3731
25. Califano, M.; Franceschetti, A.; Zunger, A. Temperature Dependence of Excitonic Radiative Decay in CdSe Quantum Dots: The Role of Surface Hole Traps Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 2360-2364 (Pubitemid 43088878)
26. Califano, M.; Franceschetti, A.; Zunger, A. Lifetime and Polarization of the Radiative Decay of Excitons, Biexcitons, and Trions in CdSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2007, 75, 115401
27. Talapin, D. V.; Nelson, J. H.; Shevchenko, E. V.; Aloni, S.; Sadtler, B.; Alivisatos, A. P. Seeded Growth of Highly Luminescent CdSe/CdS Nanoheterostructures with Rod and Tetrapod Morphologies Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2951-2959 (Pubitemid 350132911)
28. Carbone, L.; Nobile, C.; De Giorgi, M.; Sala, F. D.; Morello, G.; Pompa, P.; Hytch, M.; Snoeck, E.; Fiore, A.; Franchini, I. R. et al. Synthesis and Micrometer-Scale Assembly of Colloidal CdSe/CdS Nanorods Prepared by a Seeded Growth Approach Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2942-2950 (Pubitemid 350132910)
29. Pisanello, F.; Martiradonna, L.; Leménager, G.; Spinicelli, P.; Fiore, A.; Manna, L.; Hermier, J.-P.; Cingolani, R.; Giacobino, E.; De Vittorio, M. et al. Room Temperature-Dipolelike Single Photon Source with a Colloidal Dot-in-Rod Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 96, 033101
30. Zavelani-Rossi, M.; Lupo, M. G.; Tassone, F.; Manna, L.; Lanzani, G. Suppression of Biexciton Auger Recombination in CdSe/CdS Dot/Rods: Role of the Electronic Structure in the Carrier Dynamics Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3142-3150
31. Peng, X.; Schlamp, M. C.; Kadavanich, A. V.; Alivisatos, A. P. Epitaxial Growth of Highly Luminescent CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Photostability and Electronic Accessibility J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7019-7029 (Pubitemid 27357292)
32. Steiner, D.; Dorfs, D.; Banin, U.; Della Sala, F.; Manna, L.; Millo, O. Determination of Band Offsets in Heterostructured Colloidal Nanorods Using Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2954-2958
33. Pietra, F.; Rabouw, F. T.; Evers, W. H.; Byelov, D. V.; Petukhov, A. V.; de Mello Donegá, C.; Vanmaekelbergh, D. Semiconductor Nanorod Self-Assembly at the Liquid/Air Interface Studied by In Situ GISAXS and Ex Situ TEM Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 5515-5523
34. Zanella, M.; Gomes, R.; Povia, M.; Giannini, C.; Zhang, Y.; Riskin, A.; Van Bael, M.; Hens, Z.; Manna, L. Self-Assembled Multilayers of Vertically Aligned Semiconductor Nanorods on Device-Scale Areas Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 2205-2209
35. Arora, A. K.; Ramdas, A. K. Resonance Raman Scattering from Defects in CdSe Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1987, 35, 4345-4350
36. García-Santamaría, F.; Brovelli, S.; Viswanatha, R.; Hollingsworth, J. A.; Htoon, H.; Crooker, S. A.; Klimov, V. I. Breakdown of Volume Scaling in Auger Recombination in CdSe/CdS Heteronanocrystals: The Role of the Core-Shell Interface Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 687-693
37. Babinski, A.; Potemski, M.; Christianen, P. C. M. Optical Spectroscopy on Semiconductor Quantum Dots in High Magnetic Fields C. R. Phys. 2013, 14, 121
38. Htoon, H.; Crooker, S. A.; Furis, M.; Jeong, S.; Efros, A. L.; Klimov, V. I. Anomalous Circular Polarization of Photoluminescence Spectra of Individual CdSe Nanocrystals in an Applied Magnetic Field Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 017402
39. Goupalov, S. V. Anomalous Polarization of the Photoluminescence from Anisotropic Colloidal CdSe Nanocrystals Subject to External Magnetic Fields Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2009, 79, 233301
40. Blokland, J. H.; Claessen, V. I.; Wijnen, F. J. P.; Groeneveld, E.; de Mello Donegá, C.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Meijerink, A.; Maan, J. C.; Christianen, P. C. M. Exciton Lifetimes of CdTe Nanocrystal Quantum Dots in High Magnetic Fields Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2011, 83, 035304
41. Furis, M.; Hollingsworth, J. A.; Klimov, V. I.; Crooker, S. A. Time- and Polarization-Resolved Optical Spectroscopy of Colloidal CdSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dots in High Magnetic Fields J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 15332-15338 (Pubitemid 41260778)
42. Biadala, L.; Louyer, Y.; Tamarat, P.; Lounis, B. Band-Edge Exciton Fine Structure of Single CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystals in External Magnetic Fields Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105, 157402
43. Woggon, U.; Gindele, F.; Wind, O.; Klingshirn, C. Exchange Interaction and Phonon Confinement in CdSe Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1996, 54, 1506-1509
44. Takagahara, T. Electron-Phonon Interactions in Semiconductor Nanocrystals J. Lumin. 1996, 70, 129-143 (Pubitemid 126361848)
45. Tanaka, A.; Onari, S.; Arai, T. Low-Frequency Raman Scattering from CdS Microcrystals Embedded in a Germanium Dioxide Glass Matrix Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1993, 47, 1237-1243
46. Sirenko, A. A.; Belitsky, V. I.; Ruf, T.; Cardona, M.; Ekimov, A. I.; Trallero-Giner, C. Spin-Flip and Acoustic-Phonon Raman Scattering in CdS Nanocrystals Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1998, 58, 2077-2087 (Pubitemid 128490506)
47. Saviot, L.; Champagnon, B.; Duval, E.; Kudriavtsev, I.; Ekimov, A. Size Dependence of Acoustic and Optical Vibrational Modes of CdSe Nanocrystals in Glasses J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1996, 197, 238-246 (Pubitemid 126362771)
48. Yadav, H. K.; Gupta, V.; Sreenivas, K.; Singh, S. P.; Sundarakannan, B.; Katiyar, R. S. Low Frequency Raman Scattering from Acoustic Phonons Confined in ZnO Nanoparticles Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 085502
49. Krauss, T. D.; Wise, F. W. Coherent Acoustic Phonons in a Semiconductor Quantum Dot Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 79, 5102-5105 (Pubitemid 127645396)
50. Cerullo, G.; De Silvestri, S.; Banin, U. Size-Dependent Dynamics of Coherent Acoustic Phonons in Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1999, 60, 1928-1932
51. Sagar, D. M.; Cooney, R. R.; Sewall, S. L.; Dias, E. A.; Barsan, M. M.; Butler, I. S.; Kambhampati, P. Size Dependent, State-Resolved Studies of Exciton-Phonon Couplings in Strongly Confined Semiconductor Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2008, 77, 235321
52. Palinginis, P.; Tavenner, S.; Lonergan, M.; Wang, H. Spectral Hole Burning and Zero Phonon Linewidth in Semiconductor Nanocrystals Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2003, 67, 201307
53. Biadala, L.; Louyer, Y.; Tamarat, P.; Lounis, B. Direct Observation of the Two Lowest Exciton Zero-Phonon Lines in Single CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystals Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 103, 037404
54. Wong, C. Y.; Kim, J.; Nair, P. S.; Nagy, M. C.; Scholes, G. D. Relaxation in the Exciton Fine Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 795-811
55. Huxter, V. M.; Scholes, G. D. Acoustic Phonon Strain Induced Mixing of the Fine Structure Levels in Colloidal CdSe Quantum Dots Observed by a Polarization Grating Technique J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 132, 104506
56. de Mello Donegá, C.; Koole, R. Size Dependence of the Spontaneous Emission Rate and Absorption Cross Section of CdSe and CdTe Quantum Dots J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 6511-6520
57. Lavallard, P.; Chamarro, M.; Pérez-Conde, J.; Bhattacharjee, A.; Goupalov, S.; Lipovskii, A. Exchange Interaction and Acoustical Phonon Modes in CdTe Nanocrystals Solid State Commun. 2003, 127, 439-442
58. Wei, S.-H.; Zhang, S. B.; Zunger, A. First-Principles Calculation of Band Offsets, Optical Bowings, and Defects in CdS, CdSe, CdTe, and their Alloys J. Appl. Phys. 2000, 87, 1304-1311
59. Zhao, Q.; Graf, P. A.; Jones, W. B.; Franceschetti, A.; Li, J.; Wang; Kim, K. Shape Dependence of Band-Edge Exciton Fine Structure in CdSe Nanocrystals Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 3274-3280 (Pubitemid 350216015)
60. Le Thomas, N.; Herz, E.; Schó̂ps, O.; Woggon, U.; Artemyev, M. V. Exciton Fine Structure in Single CdSe Nanorods Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94, 016803
61. 2 Thin Films Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1991, 44, 6243-6248
62. Saviot, L.; Champagnon, B.; Duval, E.; Ekimov, A. I. Size-Selective Resonant Raman Scattering in CdS Doped Glasses Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1998, 57, 341-346 (Pubitemid 128481517)
63. Salvador, M. R.; Graham, M. W.; Scholes, G. D. Exciton-Phonon Coupling and Disorder in the Excited States of CdSe Colloidal Quantum Dots J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125, 184709
64. Alvarez, L.; Righi, A.; Guillard, T.; Rols, S.; Anglaret, E.; Laplaze, D.; Sauvajol, J.-L. Resonant Raman Study of the Structure and Electronic Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000, 316, 186-190
65. Lange, H.; Mohr, M.; Artemyev, M.; Woggon, U.; Thomsen, C. Direct Observation of the Radial Breathing Mode in CdSe Nanorods Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 4614-4617
66. Thonhauser, T.; Mahan, G. D. Predicted Raman Spectra of Si[111] Nanowires Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2005, 71, 081307
67. Efros, A. L. Luminescence Polarization of CdSe Microcrystals Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 1992, 46, 7448-7458
68. Hu, M.; Wang, X.; Hartland, G. V.; Mulvaney, P.; Juste, J. P.; Sader, J. E. Vibrational Response of Nanorods to Ultrafast Laser Induced Heating: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 14925-14933 (Pubitemid 37475581)
69. de Mello Donegá, C.; Hickey, S. G.; Wuister, S. F.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Meijerink, A. Single-Step Synthesis to Control the Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and Size Dispersion of CdSe Nanocrystals J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 489-496