3.09 - Damage and Fracture Mechanics Techniques for Composite Structures

Comprehensive Structural Integrity

Volumn 3, Issue , 2007, Pages 459-539

  Corigliano, A ^a  

^a POLITECNICO DI MILANO   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NUMERICAL METHODS;

FRACTURE MECHANICS;

EID: 84903417033     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B0-08-043749-4/03041-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (234)

1. Aghdam M.M., Smith D.J., Pavier M.J. Finite element micromechanical modeling of yield and collapse behavior of metal matrix composites. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2000, 48:499-528.
2. Alfano G., Crisfield M.A. Finite element interface models for the delamination analysis of laminated composites: mechanical and computational issues. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 2001, 50(7):1701-1736.
3. Alfano G., Auricchio F., Rosati L., Sacco E. MITC finite elements for laminated composite plates. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 2001, 50:707-738.
4. Allen D.H. Homogenization principles and their application to continuum damage mechanics. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2223-2230.
5. Allen D.H., Harris C.E., Groves S.E. A thermomechanical constitutive theory for elastic composites with distributed damage-I. Theoretical development. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1987, 23:1301-1318.
6. Allen D.H., Jones R.H., Boyd J.G. Micromechanical analysis of a continuous fiber metal matrix composite including the effects of matrix viscoplasticity and evolving damage. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1994, 42:505-529.
7. Allix O. Damage analysis of delamination around a hole. New Advances in Computational Structural Mechanics 1992, 411-421. Elsevier, Amsterdam. P. Ladevèze, O.C. Zienkiewicz (Eds.).
8. Allix O. A composite damage meso-model for impact problems. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2193-2205.
9. Allix O., Corigliano A. Modeling and simulation of crack propagation in mixed-modes interlaminar fracture specimens. Int. J. Fract. 1996, 77:111-140.
10. Allix O., Corigliano A. Geometrical and interfacial non-linearities in the analysis of delamination in composites. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1999, 36:2189-2216.
11. Allix O., Dommanget M., Gratton M., Héreil P.L. Impact on 3D carbon/carbon composites: A meso-scale approach. J. Phys. IV France 1997, 7:675-680.
12. Allix O., Ladevèze P. Interlaminar interface modeling for the prediction of laminates delamination. Composite Struct. 1992, 22:235-242.
13. Allix O., Ladevèze P., Corigliano A. Damage analysis of interlaminar fracture specimens. Composite Struct. 1995, 31:61-74.
14. Allix O., Ladevèze P., Gilletta D., Ohayon R. A damage prediction method for composite structures. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 1989, 27:271-283.
15. Allix O., Ladevèze P., Vittecoq E. Modeling and identification of the mechanical behavior of composite laminates in compression. Composite Sci. Technol. 1994, 51:35-42.
16. Allix O., Leveque D., Perret L. Identification and forecast of delamination in composite laminates by an interlaminar interface model. Composite Sci. Technol. 1998, 58:671-678.
17. Amrutharaj G.S., Lam K.Y., Cotterell B. Delaminations at the free edge of a composite laminate. Composites: Part B 1996, 27B:475-483.
18. Argon A.S. Fracture: strength and toughness mechanisms. Comprehensive Composite Materials 2000, vol. 1:763-802. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, chap. 24. A. Kelly, C. Zweben (Eds.).
19. Aubard X. New advances in damage mechanics and computational methods for composites: from research to industry for spatial applications. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2337-2344.
20. Auricchio F., Sacco E. Delamination analysis of stitched layered plates. Computational Mechanics: New Trends and Applications 1998, Cimne, Barcelona, Spain. S. Idelshon, E. Oñate, A. Dvorkin (Eds.).
21. Bahei-El-Din Y.A., Dvorak G.J. Micromechanics of inelastic composite materials. Comprehensive Composite Materials 2000, vol. 1.:403-430. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, chap. 14. A. Kelly, C. Zweben (Eds.).
22. Backlund J. Fracture analysis of notched composites. Comp. Struct. 1981, 13:145-1154.
23. Bao G., Song Y. Crack bridging models for fiber composites with slip-dependent interfaces. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1993, 41:1425-1444.
24. Barrenblatt G.I. The formation of equilibrium cracks during brittle fracture-general ideas and hypothesis, axially symmetric cracks. Prikl. Math Mekh. 1959, 23:434-444.
25. Bažant Z.L., Cedolin L. Stability of structures 1991, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
26. Bažant Z.P., Oh B.H. Crack band theory for fracture of concrete. Materiaux et Constructions 1983, 16:155-177.
27. Bolotin V.V. Delaminations in composite structures: its origin, buckling, growth and stability. Composites: Part B 1996, 27B:129-145.
28. Bolzon G., Corigliano A. A discrete formulation for elastic solids with damaging interfaces. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1997, 140:329-359.
29. Bolzon G., Corigliano A. An embedded-crack finite element approach to quasi-brittle fracture. Advances in Fracture Research 1997, 2127-2134. Pergamon, Oxford, UK. B.L. Karihaloo, Y.W. Mai, M.I. Ripley, R.O. Ritchie (Eds.).
30. Bolzon G., Corigliano A. Finite elements with embedded displacement discontinuity: a generalised variable formulation. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 2000, 49:1227-1266.
31. Bolzon G., Fedele R., Maier G. Identification of cohesive crack models by Kalman filter. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2002, 191:2847-2871.
32. Bolzon G., Ghilotti D., Maier G. Strength of periodic elastic-brittle composites evaluated through homogenization and parameter identification. Euro. J. Mech. A. Solids 2002, 21:355-378.
33. Borg R., Nilsson L., Simonsson K. Simulation of delamination in fiber composites with a discrete cohesive failure model. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:667-677.
34. Brewer J.C., Lagace P.A. Quadratic stress criterion for initiation of delamination. J. Composites Mater. 1988, 22:1141-1155.
35. Bruno D., Grimaldi A. Delamination failure of layered composite plates loaded in compression. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1990, 26:313-330.
36. Budiansky B., Evans A.G., Hutchinson J.W. Fiber-matrix debonding effects on cracking in aligned fiber ceramic composites. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1995, 32:315-328.
37. Caiazzo A.A., Costanzo F. Effective 3D constitutive equations of composites with evolving damage. J. Eng. Mech. 2001, 127:661-666.
38. Caiazzo A.A., Costanzo F. Modeling the constitutive behavior of layered composites with evolving cracks. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2001, 38:3469-3485.
39. Camacho G.T., Ortiz M. Computational modeling of impact damage in brittle materials. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1996, 33:2899-2938.
40. Cantwell W.J., Scudamore R., Ratcliffe J., Davies P. Interfacial fracture in sandwich laminates. Composites Sci. Technol. 1999, 59:2079-2085.
41. Carpinteri A. Decrease of apparent tensile and bending strength with specimen size: two different explanations based on fracture mechanics. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1989, 25:407-429.
42. Carvelli V., Taliercio A. A micromechanical model for the analysis of unidirectional elastoplastic composites subjected to 3D stresses. Mech. Res. Comm. 1999, 26:544-553.
43. Chaboche J.L., Maire J.F. New progress in micromechanics-based CDM models and their application to CMCs. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2239-2246.
44. Chen J., Crisfield M., Kinloch A.J., Busso E., Matthews F.L., Qiu Y. Predicting progressive delamination of composite material specimens via interface elements. J. Mech. Composite Mater. Struct. 1999, 6:301-317.
45. Chen Z., Schreyer H.L. A numerical solution scheme for softening problems involving total strain control. Comp. Struct. 1990, 37:1043-1050.
46. Comi C., Corigliano A., Maier G. Extremum properties of finite-step solutions in elastoplasticity with nonlinear mixed hardening. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1991, 27:965-981.
47. Corigliano A. Formulation, identification and use of interface models in the numerical analysis of composite delamination. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1993, 30:2779-2811.
48. Corigliano A., Allix O. Some aspects of interlaminar degradation in composite. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2000, 185:203-224.
49. Corigliano A., Bolzon G. Numerical simulation of debonding phenomena in composites materials. Computational Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications 1995, 1179-1190. Cimne, Barcelona, Spain. D.R.J. Owen, E. Oñate, E. Hinton (Eds.).
50. Corigliano A., Frassine R., Ricci M. Rate-dependent interface models for the analysis of delamination in polymer-matrix composites 1997, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. H.P. Rossmanith (Ed.).
51. Corigliano A., Frassine R., Ricci M. Rate-dependent fracture properties in the delamination of polymer-matrix composites. Computational Mechanics: New Trends and Applications 1998, Cimne, Barcelona, Spain. S. Idelshon, E. Oñate, A. Dvorkin (Eds.).
52. Corigliano A., Mariani S. Simulation of damage in composites by means of interface models: Parameter identification. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2299-2315.
53. Corigliano A., Mariani S. Identification of constitutive models for the simulation of time-dependent interlaminar debonding processes in composites. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2002, 191:1891-1894.
54. Corigliano A., Ricci M. Rate-dependent interface models: Formulation and numerical applications. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2001, 38/4:547-576.
55. Corigliano A., Ricci M., Contro R. Rate dependent delamination in polymer-matrix composites. Computational Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications 1997, 1168-1175. Cimne, Barcelona, Spain. D.R.J. Owen, E. Oñate, E. Hinton (Eds.).
56. Corigliano A., Rizzi E., Papa E. Experimental characterization and numerical simulations of a syntactic-foam/glass-fiber composite sandwich. Composites Sci. Technol. 2000, 60(11):2169-2180.
57. Costanzo F., Allen D.H. A continuum thermodynamic analysis of cohesive zone models. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 1995, 33:2197-2219.
58. Cox B., Massabò R., Kedward K.T. The suppression of delaminations in curved structures by stitching. Composites, A 1996, 27A:1133-1138.
59. Crisfield M.A. A fast incremental/iterative solution procedure that handles snap-through. Comp. Struct. 1981, 13:55-62.
60. Crisfield M.A., Mi Y., Davies G.A.O., Hellweg H.-B. Finite element methods and the progressive failure modeling of composite structures. Computational Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications 1997, 239-254. Cimne, Barcelona, Spain, Part 1. D.R.J. Owen, E. Oñate, E. Hinton (Eds.).
61. Crisfield M.A., Shi J. A review of solution procedures and path-following techniques in equation to the nonlinear finite element analysis of structures. Nonlinear Computational Mechanics: State of the Art 1991, 47-68. Springer, Berlin. P. Wriggers, W. Wagner (Eds.).
62. Daniel I.M., Ishai O. Engineering mechanics of composite materials 1994, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
63. Daudeville L., Allix O., Ladevèze P. Delamination analysis by damage mechanics: some applications. Composite Eng. 1995, 5(1):17-24.
64. Daudeville L., Ladevèze P. A damage mechanics tool for laminate delamination. J. Composite Struct. 1993, 25:547-555.
65. de Borst R. Computation of post bifurcation and post-failure behavior of strain-softening solids. Computer Struct. 1987, 25:211-224.
66. de Borst R. Some recent issues in computational failure mechanics. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 2001, 52:63-95.
67. de Borst R., Schipperen J.H.A. Computational methods for delamination and fracture in composites. Continuum Damage Mechanics of Materials and Structures 2002, Elsevier, Oxford, UK. O. Allix, F. Hild (Eds.).
68. Derrien K., Fitoussi J., Guo G., Baptiste D. Prediction of the effective damage properties and failure properties of nonlinear anisotropic discontinuous reinforced composites. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2000, 185:93-107.
69. Devries F., Dumontet H., Duvaut G., Lene F. Homogenization and damage for composite structures. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 1989, 27:285-298.
70. Dugdale D.S. Yielding of steel sheets containing slits. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1960, 8:100-104.
71. Dvorak G.J. Composite materials: Inelastic behavior, damage, fatigue and fracture. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2000, 37:155-170.
72. Dvorak G.J., Zhang J. Transformation field analysis of damage evolution in composite materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2001, 49:2517-2541.
73. Ferry J.D. Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers 1980, Wiley, New York. 3rd edn.
74. Fish J., Belsky V. Multigrid method for periodic heterogeneous media. Part 1: convergence studies for one-dimensional case. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1995, 126:1-16.
75. Fish J., Belsky V. Multi-grid method for periodic heterogeneous media. Part 2: multiscale modeling and quality control in multidimensional case. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1995, 126:17-38.
76. Fish J., Shek K., Pandheeradi M., Shepard M.S. Computational plasticity for composite structures based on mathematical homogenization: theory and practice. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1997, 148:53-73.
77. Fish J., Wagiman A. Multiscale finite element method for locally nonperiodic hetereogeneous medium. Comp. Mech. 1993, 12:164-180.
78. Fish J., Yu Q. Two-scale damage modeling of brittle composites. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2215-2222.
79. Fish J., Yu Q. Multiscale damage modeling for composite materials: theory and computational framework. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 2001, 52:161-191.
80. Fish J., Yu Q., Shek K. Computational damage mechanics for composite materials based on mathematical homogenization. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 1999, 45:1657-1679.
81. Frassine R., Pavan A. Viscoelastic effects on the interlaminar fracture behavior of thermoplastic matrix composites: I. Rate and temperature dependence in unidirectional PEI/carbon-fiber laminates. J. Comp. Sci. Tech. 1995, 54:193-200.
82. Frassine R., Rink M., Pavan A. Viscoelastic effects on intralaminar fracture toughness of epoxy/carbon fiber. Int. J. Comp. Mater. 1993, 27:921-933.
83. Frassine R., Rink M., Pavan A. Viscoelastic effects on the interlaminar fracture behavior of thermoplastic matrix composites: II. Rate and temperature dependence in unidirectional PEEK/carbon-fiber laminates. Composites Sci. Technol. 1996, 56:1253-1260.
84. Frémond M. Adhérence des solides. J. Mécanique Théorique et Appliquée 1987, 6:383-407.
85. Garg A.C. Delamination-a damage mode in composite structures. Eng. Fract. Mech. 1988, 29:557-584.
86. Geers M.G.D., de Borst R., Peijs T. Mixed numerical-experimental identification of non-local characteristics of random-fiber-reinforced composites. Composite Sci. Technol. 1999, 59:1569-1578.
87. Ghosh S., Lee K., Moorthy S. Two scale analysis of heterogeneous elastic-plastic materials with asymptotic homogenization and Voronoi cell finite element model. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1996, 132:63-116.
88. Ghosh S., Lee K., Raghavan P. A multi-level computational model for multiscale damage analysis in composite and porous materials. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2001, 38:2335-2385.
89. Ghosh S., Ling Y., Majumdar B., Kim R. Interfacial debonding analysis in multiple fiber reinforced composites. Mech. Mater. 2000, 32:561-591.
90. Giampieretti R., Corigliano A., Maier G. Constitutive modeling of composites and laminates via homogenization and parameter identification. Proceedings: FRC 2000, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 13-15 September 2000, 449-457. Woodhead, Cambridge, UK. A.G. Gibson (Ed.).
91. Gillespie J.W., Carlsson L.A., Pipes R.B. Finite element analysis of the end notched flexure specimen for measuring mode II fracture toughness. Composites Sci. Technol. 1986, 27:177-197.
92. Hart-Smith L.J. Strength of unnotched laminates under multiaxial stress. Comprehensive Composite Materials 2000, vol. 1:667-681. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, chap. 21. A. Kelly, C. Zweben (Eds.).
93. Hashagen F., de Borst R. Numerical assessment of delamination in fiber metal laminates. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2000, 185:141-159.
94. Hashagen F., de Borst R., de Vries T. Delamination behavior of spliced fiber metal laminates. Part 2: Numerical investigation. Composite Struct. 1999, 46:147-162.
95. Hashagen F., Schellekens J.C.J., de Borst R. Finite element procedure for modeling fiber metal laminates. Composite Struct. 1995, 32:255-264.
96. Hashin Z. Failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites. J. Appl. Mech. 1980, 47:329-334.
97. Hashin Z. Analysis of cracked laminates: a variational approach. Mech. Mater. 1985, 4:121-136.
98. Hashin Z. Analysis of stiffness reduction of cracked cross-ply laminates. Eng. Fract. Mech. 1986, 25:771-778.
99. Hashin Z. Finite thermoelastic fracture criterion with application to laminate cracking analysis. J. Mech. Phys. Sol. 1996, 44:1129-1145.
100. Hellweg H.B., Crisfield M.A. A new arc-length method for handling sharp snap-backs. Comp. Struct. 1998, 66(5):705-709.
101. H. B. Hellweg, M. A. Crisfield, G. A. Duffett and D. J. Irving, 1993, Efficient finite element analysis of 3-D composite structures. In: "Proceedings of the International Conference on the Deformation and Fracture of Composites, Manchester, UK," pp. 15/1-15/10.
102. H. B. Hellweg, M. A. Crisfield and G. A. O. Gao, 1994, Interface elements vs. virtual crack closure. In: "POLYMAT '94," Institute of Materials, pp. 669-672.
103. Herakovich C.T. Edge effects and delamination failures. J. Strain Anal. 1989, 24:245-252.
104. Herakovich C.T. Mechanics of Fibrous Composites 1998, Wiley, New York.
105. K. Hibbit and B. F. Sørensen, 1997, ABAQUS, standard version 5.7, manuals.
106. Hill R. A theory of the yielding and plastic flow of anisotropic materials. Proc. Roy. Soc. 1948, 193:281.
107. Hillerborg A., Modéer M., Petersson P.E. Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements. Cement Concrete Res. 1976, 6:773-782.
108. Hoffman O. The brittle strength of orthotropic materials. J. Composite Mater. 1967, 1:200.
109. Hull D., Clyne T.W. An Introduction to Composite Materials 1996, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
110. Hutchinson J.W., Suo Z. Mixed mode cracking in layered materials. Adv. Appl. Mech. 1992, 28:63-191.
111. Hwang C.G., Wawrzynek P.A., Tayebi A.K., Ingraffea A.R. On the virtual crack extension method for calculation of the rates of energy release rate. Eng. Fract. Mech. 1998, 59:521-542.
112. Hyer M.W. Laminated plate and shell theory. Comprehensive Composite Materials 2000, vol. 1:479-510. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, chap. 17. A. Kelly, C. Zweben (Eds.).
113. Hyer M.W., Waas A.M. Micromechanics of linear elastic continuous fiber composites. Comprehensive Composite Materials 2000, vol. 1:345-375. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, chap. 12. A. Kelly, C. Zweben (Eds.).
114. Jansson N.E., Larsson R. A damage model for simulation of mixed-mode delamination growth. Composite Struct. 2001, 53:409-417.
115. Kachanov L.M. Time of the rupture process under creep conditions. Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSR Otd. Tech. Nauk 1958, 8:26-31.
116. Kanninen M.F., Popelar C.H. Advanced Fracture Mechanics 1985, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
117. Karbhari V.M., Zhao L. Use of composites for 21st century civil infrastructure. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2000, 185:433-454.
118. Karihaloo B.L., Wang J. Mechanics of fiber reinforced cementitious composites. Comp. Struct. 2000, 76:19-34.
119. Karihaloo B.L., Wang J., Grzybowski M. Doubly periodic arrays of bridged cracks and short fibre ereinforced cementitious composites. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1996, 44:1565-1586.
120. Karihaloo B.L., Xiao Q.Z., Wu C.C. Homogenisation-based multivariable element method for composite materials. Comp. Struct. 2001, 79:1645-1660.
121. Kaziolas D.N., Baniotopoulos C.C. On the debonding in multilayered composite structures. A new numerical approach. Comp. Mech. 2001, 27:160-169.
122. Comprehensive Composite Materials 2000, vol. 1-6. Elsevier, Oxford, UK. A. Kelly, C. Zweben (Eds.).
123. Kutlu Z., Chang F.K. Composite panels containing multiple through the-width delaminations and subjected to compression: Part I. Analysis. Composites Struct. 1995, 31:273-296.
124. Kutlu Z., Chang F.K. Composite panels containing multiple through the-width delaminations and subjected to compression: Part II. Experiments and verification. Composites Struct. 1995, 31:297-314.
125. P. Ladevèze, 1983, "Sur une theorie de l'endommagement anisotrope," Report 34, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie, Cachan, France.
126. Ladevèze P. Sur la mécanique de l'endommagement des composites. Proceedings of JNC 5, Paris, 1986 1986, 667-683. Pluralis, Paris. C. Bathias, D. Menkès (Eds.).
127. Ladevèze P. A damage computational approach for composites: basic aspects and micromechanical Equations. Comp. Mech. 1995, 17:142-150.
128. Ladevèze P., Allix O., Deü J.F., Leveque D. A mesomodel for localisation and damage computation in laminates. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2000, 183:105-122.
129. Ladevèze P., le Dantec E. Damage modeling of the elementary ply for laminated composites. Composite Sci. Technol. 1992, 43:257-267.
130. Ladevèze P., Guitard L., Champaney L., Aubard X. Debond modeling for multidirectional composites. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2000, 185:109-122.
131. Ladevèze P., Lubineau G. On a damage mesomodel for laminates: micro-meso equationships, possibilities and limits. Composite Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2149-2158.
132. Lamon J. A micromechanics-based approach to the mechanical behavior of brittle-matrix composites. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2259-2272.
133. Landis C.M., Beyerlein I.J., McMeeking R.M. Micromechanical simulation of the failure of fiber reinforced composites. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2000, 48:621-648.
134. Lee K., Moorthy S., Ghosh S. Multiple-scale computational model for damage in composite materials. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1999, 172:175-201.
135. Lemaitre J. Formulation de l'endommagement des interfaces. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 1992, 315:1047-1050.
136. Lemaitre J., Chaboche J.L. Mechanics of Solid Materials 1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
137. Lene F. Damage constitutive Equations for composite materials. Eng. Fract. Mech. 1986, 25:713-728.
138. Lindhagen J.E., Gamstedt E.K., Berglund L.A. Application of bridging-law concepts to short fiber composites: Part 3. Bridging law derivation from experimental crack profiles. Composites Sci. Technol. 2000, 60:2883-2894.
139. Lotfi H.R., Shing B. Embedded representation of fracture in concrete with mixed finite elements. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 1995, 38:1307-1325.
140. Lotter R.E., Santare M.H. Analysis of mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture specimens by a comparative finite element method. Composites Sci. Technol. 1991, 40:87-107.
141. Maier G. On softening flexural behavior in elastic-plastic beams (in Italian). Rend. Ist. Lombardo, Classe Sci. 1968, A102:648-677. (English translation in Studi e Ricerche, 1986, 8, 85-117).
142. Maier G., Frangi A. Symmetric boundary element method for discrete crack modeling of fracture processes. Comp. Ass. Mech. Eng. Sci. 1998, 5:201-226.
143. Maier G., Novati G., Cen Z.Z. Symmetric Galerkin boundary element method for quasi-brittle fracture and frictional contact problems. Comp. Mech. 1993, 13:74-89.
144. Maire J.F., Lesne P.M. An explicit damage model for the design of composites structures. Composites Sci. Technol. 1998, 58:773-778.
145. Mahnken R., Stein E. Parameter identification for viscoplastic models based on analytical derivatives of a least-squares functional and stability investigations. Int. J. Plasticity 1996, 12:451-479.
146. S. Mariani and U. Perego, 2001, A PU-FE approach to quasi-brittle fracture. In: "Proceedings of the XV National Congress AIMETA, September 26-29, 2001," (on CD), ISSN 1592-8950, eds. G. Augusti, P. M. Mariano, V. Sepe and M. Lacagina, Taormina, Italy, pp. xx.
147. Massabò R., Cox B.N. Concepts for bridged mode II delamination cracks. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1999, 47:1265-1300.
148. Matzenmiller A., Lubliner J., Taylor R.L. A constitutive model for anisotropic damage in fiber composites. Mech. Mater. 1995, 20:125-152.
149. McCartney L.N. The prediction of cracking in biaxially loaded laminates having brittle matrices. Composites 1993, 24:84-92.
150. McCartney L.N. Predicting transverse crack formation in cross-ply laminates resulting from micro-cracking. Composites Sci. Technol. 1998, 58:1069-1081.
151. L. N. McCartney, 1999, Analytical model for debonded interfaces associated with fiber fractures or matrix cracks. In: "Proceedings ICCM 12, Paris," ISBN 2-951 4526-2-4, TCA-ICCM 12, Gradignan, France.
152. McCartney L.N. Model to predict effects of triaxial loading on ply cracking in general symmetric laminates. Composites Sci. Technol. 2000, 60:2255-2279.
153. McCartney L.N., Schoeppner G.A., Becker W. Comparison of models for transverse ply cracks in composite laminates. Composites Sci. Technol. 2000, 60:2347-2359.
154. Mi Y., Crisfield M.A., Hellweg H.-B., Davies G.A.O. Progressive delamination using interface elements. J. Comp. Materials 1998, 32(14):1246-1272.
155. Möes N., Dolbow J., Belytschko T. A finite element method for crack growth without remeshing. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 1999, 46:131-150.
156. Nairn J.A. Matrix microcracking in composites. Comprehensive Composite Materials 2000, vol. 2:403-432. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, chap. 12. A. Kelly, C. Zweben (Eds.).
157. Nairn J.A. Fracture mechanics of composites with residual stresses, imperfect interfaces, and traction-loaded cracks. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2159-2167.
158. Nguyen B.N. Damage modeling of laminated composites by the use of multilayer volume elements. Composites Sci. Technol. 1998, 58:891-905.
159. Nguyen Q.S. Bifurcation and post-bifurcation analysis in plasticity and brittle fracture. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1987, 35:303-324.
160. Nilsson K.F., Asp L.E., Alpman J.E., Nystedt L. Delamination buckling and growth for delaminations at different depths in a slender composite panel. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2001, 38:3039-3071.
161. Nilsson K.F., Thesken J.C., Sindelar P., Giannakopoulos A., Storåkers B. A theoretical and experimental investigation of buckling induced delamination growth. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1993, 41:749-782.
162. Ochoa O.O., Reddy J.N. Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminates 1992, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
163. Paas M.H.J.W., Van Den Eikhoff J. Numerical analysis of degradation processes in laminated composite materials. Heron 1992, 37:17-32.
164. Interlaminar Response of Composite Materials 1989, Elsevier, New York. N.J. Pagano (Ed.).
165. Pagano N.J., Pipes R.B. Some observations on the interlaminar strength of composite laminates. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 1973, 15:679-688.
166. Pagano N.J., Schoeppner G.A. Delamination of polymer matrix composites: problems and assessment. Comprehensive Composite Materials 2000, vol. 2.:433-528. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, chap. 13. A. Kelly, C. Zweben (Eds.).
167. Pandolfi A., Krysl P., Ortiz M. Finite element simulation of ring expansion and fragmentation: the capturing of length and time scales through cohesive models of fracture. Int. J. Fract. 1999, 95:1-18.
168. Parisch H. A continuum-based shell theory for non-linear applications. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 1995, 38:1855-1883.
169. Perego U. Explicit backward difference operators and consistent predictors for linear hardening elastic-plastic constitutive laws. Solid Mech. Arch. 1988, 13:65-102.
170. Phillips E.A., Herakovich C.T., Graham L.L. Damage development in composites with large stress gradients. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2169-2182.
171. Pipes R.B., Pagano N.J. Interlaminar stresses in composite laminates under axial extension. J. Comp. Mater. 1970, 4:538-548.
172. Point N., Sacco E. A delamination model for laminated composites. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1996, 33:483-509.
173. Point N., Sacco E. Delamination of beams: an application to DCB specimen. Int. J. Fract. 1996, 79:225-247.
174. Qiu Y., Crisfield M.A., Alfano G. An interface-element formulation for the simulation of delamination with buckling. Eng. Fract. Mech. 2001, 68:1755-1776.
175. Y. N. Rabotnov, 1968, Creep rupture. In: "Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Applied Mechanics," ed. Stanford, CA.
176. Remmers J.J.C., de Borst R. Delamination buckling of fiber-metal laminates. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2207-2213.
177. J. J. C. Remmers, G. N. Wells and R. de Borst, 2001, Analysis of delamination growth with discontinuous finite elements. In: "Proceedings ECCM-2001, Cracow," ed.
178. Rice J.R. Elastic fracture mechanics concepts for interfacial cracks. ASME J. A. Mech. 1988, 55:98-103.
179. Rice J.R., Sih G.C. Plane problems of cracks in dissimilar media. ASME J. A. Mech. 1965, 32:418-423.
180. Riks E. The application of Newton's method to the problem of elastic stability. J. Appl. Mech. 1972, 39:1060-1066.
181. Rizzi E., Papa E., Corigliano A. Mechanical behavior of a syntactic foam: Experiments and modeling. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2000, 37/40:5773-5794.
182. A. J. Russell and K. N. Street, 1985, In: "ASTM STP 976," American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 349-370.
183. Rybicki E.F., Kanninen M.F. A finite element calculation of stress intensity factors by a modified crack closure integral. Eng. Fract. Mech. 1977, 9:931-938.
184. Saleeb A.F., Wilt T.E. Analysis of the anisotropic viscoplastic-damage response of composite laminates-continuum basis and computational algorithms. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 1993, 36:1629-1660.
185. Sanchez-Palencia E. 2 non-homogeneous Media and Vibration Theory: Lectures Notes in Physics 1980, Springer, Berlin.
186. Schellekens J.C.J., de Borst R. A non-linear finite element approach for the analysis of mode-I free edge delamination in composites. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1993, 30:1239-1253.
187. Schellekens J.C.J., de Borst R. On the numerical integration of interface elements. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 1993, 36:43-66.
188. Schellekens J.C.J., de Borst R. Free edge delamination in carbon-epoxy laminates: a novel numerical/experimental approach. Composite Struct. 1994, 28:357-373.
189. Schipperen J.H.A. An anisotropic damage model for the description of transverse matrix cracking in a graphite-epoxy laminate. Composite Struct. 2001, 53:295-299.
190. Schipperen J.H.A., de Borst R. A numerical analysis of mixed-mode delamination in carbon-epoxy prepregs. Composites Struct. 2001, 54:445-451.
191. Schön J., Nyman T., Blom A., Ansell H. A numerical and experimental investigation of delamination behavior in the DCB specimen. Composites Sci. Technol. 2000, 60:173-184.
192. Sha G.T. On the virtual crack extension technique for stress intensity factors and energy release rate calculations for mixed fracture mode. Int. J. Fract. 1984, 25:33-42.
193. Shen F., Lee K.H., Tay T.E. Modeling delamination growth in laminated composites. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:1239-1251.
194. Shu X., Soldatos K.P. An accurate delamination model for weakly bonded laminates subjected to different sets of edge boundary conditions. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 2001, 43:935-959.
195. Sierakowski R.L., Newaz G.M. Damage Tolerance in Advanced Composites 1995, Technomic, Lancaster, UK.
196. Sih G.C., Paris P.C., Irwin G.R. On cracks in rectilinearly anisotropic bodies. Int. J. Fract. Mech. 1965, 1:189-203.
197. Simo J.C., Taylor R.L. Consistent tangent operators for rate-independent elastoplasticity. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1985, 48:101-118.
198. Sørensen B.F., Jacobsen T.K. Large-scale bridging in composites: R-curves and bridging laws. Composites: Part A 1998, 29:1443-1451.
199. Sørensen B.F., Jacobsen T.K. Crack growth in composites: applicability of R-curves and bridging laws. Plastics, Rubber, Composites 2000, 29:119-133.
200. Spottswood S.M., Palazotto A.N. Progressive failure analysis of a composite shell. Composites Struct. 2001, 53:117-131.
201. Sprenger W., Gruttmann F., Wagner W. Delamination growth analysis in laminated structures with continuum-based 3D shell elements and a viscoplastic softening model. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2000, 185:123-139.
202. Storåkers B., Andersson B. Nonlinear plate theory applied to delamination in composites. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1988, 36:689-718.
203. Sukumar N., Kumosa M. Finite element analysis of axial splits in composite Iosipescu specimens. Int. J. Fract. 1993, 62:55-85.
204. Sun C.T. Strength analysis of unidirectional composites and laminates. Comprehensive Composite Materials 2000, vol. 1:641-666. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, chap. 20. A. Kelly, C. Zweben (Eds.).
205. Suo Z., Hutchinson J.W. Interface crack between two elastic layers. Int. J. Fract. 1990, 43:1-18.
206. Suvorov A.P., Dvorak G.J. Optimized fiber prestress for reduction of free edge stresses in composite laminates. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2001, 38:6751-6786.
207. Taliercio A., Sagramoso P. Uniaxial strength of polymeric-matrix fibrous composites predicted through a homogenization approach. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1995, 32:2095-2123.
208. Talreja R. Damage development in composites: mechanisms and modeling. J. Strain Anal. 1989, 24:215-222.
209. Thionnet A., Renard J. Meso-macro approach to transverse cracking in laminated composites using Talreja's model. Composites Eng. 1993, 3:851-871.
210. Thionnet A., Renard J. Multiscale analysis to determine fiber/matrix debonding criteria in SiC/titanium composites with and without consideration of the manufacturing residual stresses. Composites Sci. Technol. 1998, 58:945-955.
211. Todo M., Jar P.Y.B. Study of mode-I interlaminar crack growth in DCB specimens of fiber-reinforced composites. Composites Sci. Technol. 1998, 58:105-118.
212. S. W. Tsai, 1965, "Strength Characteristics of Composite Materials," NASA CR-224.
213. Tsai S.W., Wu E.M. A general theory of strength for anisotropic materials. J. Composite Mater. 1971, 5:58-80.
214. Vaziri R., Olson M.D., Anderson D.L. Finite element analysis of fibrous composite structures: a plasticity approach. Comp. Struct. 1992, 44:103-116.
215. Voyiadjis G.Z., Deliktas B. A coupled anisotropic damage model for the inelastic response of composite materials. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2000, 183:159-199.
216. Voyiadjis G.Z., Deliktas B., Aifantis E.C. Multiscale analysis of multiple damage mechanisms coupled with inelastic behavior of composite materials. J. Eng. Mech. 2001, 127:636-645.
217. Voyiadjis G.Z., Park T. Local and interfacial damage analysis of metal matrix composites using the finite element method. Eng. Fract. Mech. 1997, 56:483-511.
218. Wagner W., Gruttmann F., Sprenger W. A finite element formulation for the simulation of propagating delaminations in layered composite structures. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 2001, 51:1337-1359.
219. Wang J., Karihaloo B.L. Cracked composite laminates least prone to delamination. Proc. Roy. Soc. London 1994, A444:17-35.
220. Wells G.N., Sluys L.J. A new method for modeling cohesive cracks using finite elements. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 2001, 50:2667-2682.
221. Wells G.N., Sluys L.J., de Borst R. Simulating the propagation of displacement discontinuities in a regularized strain-softening medium. Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 2002, 53:1235-1256.
222. Williams J.G. On the calculation of energy release rates for cracked laminates. Int. J. Fract. 1988, 36:101-119.
223. Williams J.G. Fracture mechanics of delamination tests. J. Strain Anal. 1989, 24:207-214.
224. K. V. Williams, A. M. Floyd, R. Vaziri and A. Poursartip, 1999, Numerical simulation of in-plane damage progression in laminated composite plates. In: "Proceedings ICCM-12, Paris," ISBN 2-9514526-2-4, TCA-ICCM 12, Gradignan, France.
225. K. V. Williams, R. Vaziri, A. M. Floyd and A. Poursartip, 1998, Simulation of damage progression in laminated composite plates. In: "Proceedings 5th International LS-DYNA Conference, Southfield, Michigan.".
226. Williams M.L. The stresses around a fault or crack in dissimilar media. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 1959, 49:199-204.
227. Wisnom M.R., Chang F.K. Modeling of splitting and delamination in notched cross-ply laminates. Composites Sci. Technol. 2000, 60:2849-2856.
228. Wu J.F., Shepard M.S., Dvorak G.J., Bahei-El-Din Y.A. A material model for the finite element analysis of metal matrix composites. Composites Sci. Technol. 1989, 35:1-20.
229. Xia Z.H., Curtin W.A. Multiscale modeling of damage and failure in aluminum-matrix composites. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:2247-2257.
230. Xu X.P., Needleman A. Numerical simulations of dynamic interfacial crack growth allowing for crack growth away from the bond line. Int. J. Fract. 1995, 74:253-275.
231. Yan A.M., Marechal E., Nguyen-Dang H. A finite element model of mixed-mode delamination in laminated composites with an R-curve effect. Composites Sci. Technol. 2001, 61:1413-1427.
232. Yang W., Boehler J.P. Micromechanics modeling of anisotropic damage in cross-ply laminates. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1992, 10:1303-1328.
233. Yang Z.J., Chen J.F., Holt G.D. Efficient evaluation of stress intensity factors using virtual crack extension technique. Comp. Struct. 2001, 79:2705-2715.
234. Zinno R., Greco F. Damage evolution in bimodular laminated composites under cyclic loading. Composite Struct. 2001, 53:381-402.