How do you feel when you can't feel your body? Interoception, functional connectivity and emotional processing in depersonalization-derealization disorder

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2014, Pages

  Sedeño, Lucas ^a,b,f   Couto, Blas ^a,b,f   Melloni, Margherita ^a,b,f   Canales Johnson, Andrés ^b,c   Yoris, Adrián ^a   Baez, Sandra ^a,b,f   Esteves, Sol ^a   Velásquez, Marcela ^a   Barttfeld, Pablo ^d,g   Sigman, Mariano ^d,f,h   Kichic, Rafael ^e   Chialvo, Dante ^f,i,j   Manes, Facundo ^a,b,f,l   Bekinschtein, Tristan A ^a,c   Ibanez, Agustin ^a,b,k,l  

^a FAVALORO UNIVERSITY   (Argentina)

^b UNIVERSIDAD DIEGO PORTALES   (Chile)

^c MRC COGNITION AND BRAIN SCIENCES UNIT   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

^e INSTITUTE OF COGNITIVE NEUROLOGY INECO   (Argentina)

^f Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto M Lillo   (Argentina)

^g Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ^*  (France)

^h UNIVERSIDAD TORCUATO DI TELLA   (Argentina)

ⁱ UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN ANDRÉS   (Argentina)

^j UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^k UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL CARIBE   (Colombia)

^l MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CASE REPORT; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DEPERSONALIZATION DEREALIZATION DISORDER; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER; EMOTION; EMOTIONAL PROCESSING; EMPATHY; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HEARTBEAT DETECTION TASK; HUMAN; INTEROCEPTION; MALE; NERVOUS SYSTEM PARAMETERS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOMATOSENSORY DISORDER; SYMPTOM; TASK PERFORMANCE; YOUNG ADULT; BRAIN; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CONNECTOME; DEPERSONALIZATION; HEART RATE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY;

BRAIN; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CONNECTOME; DEPERSONALIZATION; EMOTIONS; EMPATHY; HEART RATE; HUMANS; INTEROCEPTION; MALE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84903376283     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098769     Document Type: Article

References (130)

1. Lee WE, Kwok CH, Hunter EC, Richards M, David AS (2012) Prevalence and childhood antecedents of depersonalization syndrome in a UK birth cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 47: 253-261.
2. Hunter EC, Sierra M, David AS (2004) The epidemiology of depersonalisation and derealisation. A systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39: 9-18. (Pubitemid 39369102)
3. Association AP (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.): Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
4. Sierra M, David AS (2011) Depersonalization: a selective impairment of selfawareness. Conscious Cogn 20: 99-108.
5. Phillips ML, Sierra M (2003) Depersonalization disorder: a functional neuroanatomical perspective. Stress 6: 157-165. (Pubitemid 37214009)
6. Hunter EC, Phillips ML, Chalder T, Sierra M, David AS (2003) Depersonalisation disorder: a cognitive-behavioural conceptualisation. Behav Res Ther 41: 1451-1467. (Pubitemid 37315921)
7. Association AP (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC.
8. Phillips ML, Medford N, Senior C, Bullmore ET, Suckling J, et al. (2001) Depersonalization disorder: thinking without feeling. Psychiatry Res 108: 145-160. (Pubitemid 34072915)
9. Sierra M, Senior C, Dalton J, McDonough M, Bond A, et al. (2002) Autonomic response in depersonalization disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59: 833-838. (Pubitemid 35001149)
10. Lawrence EJ, Shaw P, Baker D, Baron-Cohen S, David AS (2004) Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. Psychol Med 34: 911-919. (Pubitemid 39089529)
11. Lawrence EJ, Shaw P, Baker D, Patel M, Sierra-Siegert M, et al. (2007) Empathy and enduring depersonalization: the role of self-related processes. Soc Neurosci 2: 292-306. (Pubitemid 47190218)
12. Davis M (1996) Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
13. Lemche E, Anilkumar A, Giampietro VP, Brammer MJ, Surguladze SA, et al. (2008) Cerebral and autonomic responses to emotional facial expressions in depersonalisation disorder. Br J Psychiatry 193: 222-228.
14. Lemche E, Surguladze SA, Giampietro VP, Anilkumar A, Brammer MJ, et al. (2007) Limbic and prefrontal responses to facial emotion expressions in depersonalization. Neuroreport 18: 473-477. (Pubitemid 46668037)
15. Medford N, Brierley B, Brammer M, Bullmore ET, David AS, et al. (2006) Emotional memory in depersonalization disorder: a functional MRI study. Psychiatry Res 148: 93-102. (Pubitemid 44750587)
16. Sierra M, Berrios GE (1998) Depersonalization: neurobiological perspectives. Biol Psychiatry 44: 898-908. (Pubitemid 28520228)
17. Craig AD (2002) How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nat Rev Neurosci 3: 655-666.
18. Craig AD (2003) Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Curr Opin Neurobiol 13: 500-505.
19. Critchley HD, Wiens S, Rotshtein P, Ohman A, Dolan RJ (2004) Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness. Nat Neurosci 7: 189-195. (Pubitemid 38129796)
20. Dunn BD, Galton HC, Morgan R, Evans D, Oliver C, et al. (2010) Listening to your heart. How interoception shapes emotion experience and intuitive decision making. Psychol Sci 21: 1835-1844.
21. Fukushima H, Terasawa Y, Umeda S (2011) Association between interoception and empathy: evidence from heartbeat-evoked brain potential. Int J Psychophysiol 79: 259-265.
22. Pollatos O, Herbert BM, Matthias E, Schandry R (2007) Heart rate response after emotional picture presentation is modulated by interoceptive awareness. Int J Psychophysiol 63: 117-124. (Pubitemid 46026878)
23. Pollatos O, Kirsch W, Schandry R (2005) On the relationship between interoceptive awareness, emotional experience, and brain processes. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 25: 948-962. (Pubitemid 41774457)
24. Schandry R (1981) Heart beat perception and emotional experience. Psychophysiology 18: 483-488.
25. Wiens S, Mezzacapa ES, Katkin ES (2000) Heartbeat detection and the experience of emotions. Cognition and emotion 14: 417-427. (Pubitemid 30367754)
26. Melloni M, Lopez V, Ibanez A (2013) Empathy and contextual social cognition. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci.
27. Ibanez A, Aguado J, Baez S, Huepe D, Lopez V, et al. (2013) From neural signatures of emotional modulation to social cognition: individual differences in healthy volunteers and psychiatric participants. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci.
28. Hantas MN, Katkin ES, Blascovich J (1982) Relationship between heartbeat discrimination and subjective experience of affective state [abstract]. Psychophysiology 19: 563.
29. Barrett LF, Quigley KS, Bliss-Moreau E, Aronson KR (2004) Interoceptive sensitivity and self-reports of emotional experience. J Pers Soc Psychol 87: 684-697. (Pubitemid 39525580)
30. Craig AD (2004) Human feelings: why are some more aware than others? Trends Cogn Sci 8: 239-241.
31. Craig AD (2009) How do you feel-now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nat Rev Neurosci 10: 59-70.
32. Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Dolan RJ (2001) Neuroanatomical basis for first- and second-order representations of bodily states. Nat Neurosci 4: 207-212. (Pubitemid 32125267)
33. Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LL, et al. (2000) Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions. Nat Neurosci 3: 1049-1056.
34. Harrison NA, Gray MA, Gianaros PJ, Critchley HD (2010) The embodiment of emotional feelings in the brain. J Neurosci 30: 12878-12884.
35. Pollatos O, Gramann K, Schandry R (2007) Neural systems connecting interoceptive awareness and feelings. Hum Brain Mapp 28: 9-18. (Pubitemid 46026381)
36. Terasawa Y, Fukushima H, Umeda S (2011) How does interoceptive awareness interact with the subjective experience of emotion? An fMRI Study. Hum Brain Mapp.
37. Bechara A, Naqvi N (2004) Listening to your heart: interoceptive awareness as a gateway to feeling. Nat Neurosci 7: 102-103. (Pubitemid 38129783)
38. Lavin C, Melis C, Mikulan E, Gelormini C, Huepe D, et al. (2013) The anterior cingulate cortex: an integrative hub for human socially-driven interactions. Front Neurosci 7: 64.
39. Khalsa SS, Rudrauf D, Feinstein JS, Tranel D (2009) The pathways of interoceptive awareness. Nat Neurosci 12: 1494-1496.
40. Couto B, Salles A, Sedeno L, Peradejordi M, Barttfeld P, et al. (2013) The man who feels two hearts: the different pathways of interoception. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci.
41. Ibanez A, Manes F (2012) Contextual social cognition and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 78: 1354-1362.
42. Couto B, Manes F, Montanes P, Matallana D, Reyes P, et al. (2013) Structural neuroimaging of social cognition in progressive non-fluent aphasia and behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. Front Hum Neurosci 7: 467.
43. Ibanez A, Gleichgerrcht E, Manes F (2010) Clinical effects of insular damage in humans. Brain Struct Funct 214: 397-410.
44. Keysers C, Kaas JH, Gazzola V (2010) Somatosensation in social perception. Nat Rev Neurosci 11: 417-428.
45. Lamm C, Decety J, Singer T (2011) Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. Neuroimage 54: 2492-2502.
46. Novembre G, Zanon M, Silani G (2014) Empathy for social exclusion involves the sensory-discriminative component of pain: a within-subject fMRI study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci.
47. Avenanti A, Minio-Paluello I, Bufalari I, Aglioti SM (2009) The pain of a model in the personality of an onlooker: influence of state-reactivity and personality traits on embodied empathy for pain. Neuroimage 44: 275-283.
48. Bolognini N, Rossetti A, Convento S, Vallar G (2013) Understanding others' feelings: the role of the right primary somatosensory cortex in encoding the affective valence of others' touch. J Neurosci 33: 4201-4205.
49. Cheng Y, Yang CY, Lin CP, Lee PL, Decety J (2008) The perception of pain in others suppresses somatosensory oscillations: a magnetoencephalography study. Neuroimage 40: 1833-1840.
50. Schaefer M, Heinze HJ, Rotte M (2012) Embodied empathy for tactile events: Interindividual differences and vicarious somatosensory responses during touch observation. Neuroimage 60: 952-957.
51. Adolphs R, Damasio H, Tranel D, Cooper G, Damasio AR (2000) A role for somatosensory cortices in the visual recognition of emotion as revealed by three-dimensional lesion mapping. J Neurosci 20: 2683-2690. (Pubitemid 30220356)
52. Pitcher D, Garrido L, Walsh V, Duchaine BC (2008) Transcranial magnetic stimulation disrupts the perception and embodiment of facial expressions. J Neurosci 28: 8929-8933.
53. Avenanti A, Bolognini N, Maravita A, Aglioti SM (2007) Somatic and motor components of action simulation. Curr Biol 17: 2129-2135. (Pubitemid 50013975)
54. Avenanti A, Bueti D, Galati G, Aglioti SM (2005) Transcranial magnetic stimulation highlights the sensorimotor side of empathy for pain. Nat Neurosci 8: 955-960.
55. Tsakiris M (2010) My body in the brain: a neurocognitive model of body-ownership. Neuropsychologia 48: 703-712.
56. Farrer C, Franck N, Georgieff N, Frith CD, Decety J, et al. (2003) Modulating the experience of agency: a positron emission tomography study. Neuroimage 18: 324-333. (Pubitemid 36269142)
57. Baier B, Karnath HO (2008) Tight link between our sense of limb ownership and self-awareness of actions. Stroke 39: 486-488. (Pubitemid 351619478)
58. Karnath HO, Baier B, Nagele T (2005) Awareness of the functioning of one's own limbs mediated by the insular cortex? J Neurosci 25: 7134-7138. (Pubitemid 41113929)
59. Seth AK, Suzuki K, Critchley HD (2011) An interoceptive predictive coding model of conscious presence. Front Psychol 2: 395.
60. Lemche E, Brammer MJ, David AS, Surguladze SA, Phillips ML, et al. (2013) Interoceptive-reflective regions differentiate alexithymia traits in depersonalization disorder. Psychiatry Res 214: 66-72.
61. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB (2002) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IVA Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P). New York: New York: Biometrics Research, New Yor State Psychiatric Institute.
62. Baker D, Hunter E, Lawrence E, Medford N, Patel M, et al. (2003) Depersonalisation disorder: clinical features of 204 cases. Br J Psychiatry 182: 428-433. (Pubitemid 36560979)
63. Michal M, Kaufhold J, Grabhorn R, Krakow K, Overbeck G, et al. (2005) Depersonalization and social anxiety. J Nerv Ment Dis 193: 629-632. (Pubitemid 41298366)
64. Noyes R, Jr., Woodman C, Garvey MJ, Cook BL, Suelzer M, et al. (1992) Generalized anxiety disorder vs. panic disorder. Distinguishing characteristics and patterns of comorbidity. J Nerv Ment Dis 180: 369-379.
65. Toni C, Cassano GB, Perugi G, Murri L, Mancino M, et al. (1996) Psychosensorial and related phenomena in panic disorder and in temporal lobe epilepsy. Compr Psychiatry 37: 125-133. (Pubitemid 26077589)
66. Sierra M, Baker D, Medford N, David AS (2005) Unpacking the depersonalization syndrome: an exploratory factor analysis on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. Psychol Med 35: 1523-1532. (Pubitemid 41430689)
67. Molina Castillo JJ, Martinez de la Iglesia J, Albert Colomer C, Berrios G, Sierra M, et al. (2006) [Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 34: 185-192.
68. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK (1996) Manual for he Beck Depression Inventory-II: The Psycological Corporation.
69. Spielberg CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE (1970) Manual for the State-Trait Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Pychological Press.
70. Torralva T, Roca M, Gleichgerrcht E, Lopez P, Manes F (2009) INECO Frontal Screening (IFS): a brief, sensitive, and specific tool to assess executive functions in dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 15: 777-786.
71. Melloni M, Sedeno L, Couto B, Reynoso M, Gelormini C, et al. (2013) Preliminary evidence about the effects of meditation on interoceptive sensitivity and social cognition. Behav Brain Funct 9: 47.
72. Whitehead WE, Drescher VM, Heiman P, Blackwell B (1977) Relation of heart rate control to heartbeat perception. Biofeedback Self Regul: 371-392. (Pubitemid 8286445)
73. Pennebaker J (1982) The psychology of physical symptoms; Springer, editor. New York.
74. Brainard DH (1997) The Psychophysics Toolbox. Spat Vis 10: 433-436.
75. Rouse CH, Jones GE, Jones KR (1988) The effect of body composition and gender on cardiac awareness. Psychophysiology 25: 400-407.
76. Davis M (1983) Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol: 113-126.
77. Baez S, Couto B, Herrera E, Bocanegra Y, Trujillo-Orrego N, et al. (2013) Tracking the Cognitive, Social, and Neuroanatomical Profile in Early Neurodegeneration: Type III Cockayne Syndrome. Front Aging Neurosci 5: 80.
78. Baez S, Herrera E, Villarin L, Theil D, Gonzalez-Gadea ML, et al. (2013) Contextual social cognition impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PLoS One 8: e57664.
79. Couto B, Sedeno L, Sposato LA, Sigman M, Riccio PM, et al. (2013) Insular networks for emotional processing and social cognition: comparison of two case reports with either cortical or subcortical involvement. Cortex 49: 1420-1434.
80. Decety J, Michalska KJ, Kinzler KD (2012) The contribution of emotion and cognition to moral sensitivity: a neurodevelopmental study. Cereb Cortex 22: 209-220.
81. Supekar K, Menon V (2012) Developmental maturation of dynamic causal control signals in higher-order cognition: a neurocognitive network model. PLoS Comput Biol 8: e1002374.
82. Barttfeld P, Wicker B, Cukier S, Navarta S, Lew S, et al. (2012) State-dependent changes of connectivity patterns and functional brain network topology in autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychologia 50: 3653-3662.
83. Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Landeau B, Papathanassiou D, Crivello F, Etard O, et al. (2002) Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage 15: 273-289. (Pubitemid 34852226)
84. Supekar K, Menon V, Rubin D, Musen M, Greicius MD (2008) Network analysis of intrinsic functional brain connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS Comput Biol 4: e1000100.
85. Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Corbetta M, Van Essen DC, et al. (2005) The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 9673-9678. (Pubitemid 40981739)
86. Raichle ME (2009) A paradigm shift in functional brain imaging. J Neurosci 29: 12729-12734.
87. Barttfeld P, Amoruso L, Ais J, Cukier S, Bavassi L, et al. (In press) Organization of brain networks governed by long-range connections index autistic traits in the general population. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
88. Barttfeld P, Amoruso L, Ais J, Cukier S, Bavassi L, et al. (2013) Organization of brain networks governed by long-range connections index autistic traits in the general population. J Neurodev Disord 5: 16.
89. Barttfeld P, Petroni A, Baez S, Urquina H, Sigman M, et al. (2014) Functional Connectivity and Temporal Variability of Brain Connections in Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 69: 65-75.
90. Sporns O, Zwi JD (2004) The small world of the cerebral cortex. Neuroinformatics 2: 145-162. (Pubitemid 41214095)
91. Bullmore E, Sporns O (2009) Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Nat Rev Neurosci 10: 186-198.
92. Watts DJ, Strogatz SH (1998) Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks. Nature 393: 440-442. (Pubitemid 28292183)
93. Humphries MD, Gurney K (2008) Network 'small-world-ness': a quantitative method for determining canonical network equivalence. PLoS One 3: e0002051.
94. Rubinov M, Sporns O (2010) Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations. Neuroimage 52: 1059-1069.
95. Latora V, Marchiori M (2001) Efficient behavior of small-world networks. Phys Rev Lett 87: 198701.
96. Crawford JR, Garthwaite PH (2002) Investigation of the single case in neuropsychology: confidence limits on the abnormality of test scores and test score differences. Neuropsychologia 40: 1196-1208. (Pubitemid 34249831)
97. Crawford JR, Garthwaite PH, Howell DC (2009) On comparing a single case with a control sample: an alternative perspective. Neuropsychologia 47: 2690-2695.
98. Crawford JR, Garthwaite PH, Ryan K (2011) Comparing a single case to a control sample: testing for neuropsychological deficits and dissociations in the presence of covariates. Cortex 47: 1166-1178.
99. Crawford JR, Howell DC (1998) Comparing an individual's test score against norms derived from small samples. Clin Neuropsychol 12: 482-486. (Pubitemid 29267969)
100. Couto B, Sedeno L, Sposato LA, Sigman M, Riccio PM, et al. (2012) Insular networks for emotional processing and social cognition: Comparison of two case reports with either cortical or subcortical involvement. Cortex.
101. Straube T, Weisbrod A, Schmidt S, Raschdorf C, Preul C, et al. (2010) No impairment of recognition and experience of disgust in a patient with a right-hemispheric lesion of the insula and basal ganglia. Neuropsychologia 48: 1735-1741.
102. Ovadia-Caro S, Nir Y, Soddu A, Ramot M, Hesselmann G, et al. (2012) Reduction in inter-hemispheric connectivity in disorders of consciousness. PLoS One 7: e37238.
103. Biswal BB, Mennes M, Zuo XN, Gohel S, Kelly C, et al. (2010) Toward discovery science of human brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 4734-4739.
104. Buckner RL, Andrews-Hanna JR, Schacter DL (2008) The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124: 1-38. (Pubitemid 351506788)
105. Buckner RL, Vincent JL (2007) Unrest at rest: default activity and spontaneous network correlations. Neuroimage 37: 1091-1096; discussion 1097-1099.
106. Greicius M (2008) Resting-state functional connectivity in neuropsychiatric disorders. Curr Opin Neurol 21: 424-430.
107. van den Heuvel MP, Hulshoff Pol HE (2010) Exploring the brain network: a review on resting-state fMRI functional connectivity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 20: 519-534.
108. Beckmann CF, DeLuca M, Devlin JT, Smith SM (2005) Investigations into resting-state connectivity using independent component analysis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360: 1001-1013. (Pubitemid 41672861)
109. Biswal B, Yetkin FZ, Haughton VM, Hyde JS (1995) Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn Reson Med 34: 537-541.
110. Damoiseaux JS, Rombouts SA, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Stam CJ, et al. (2006) Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 13848-13853. (Pubitemid 44413996)
111. De Luca M, Beckmann CF, De Stefano N, Matthews PM, Smith SM (2006) fMRI resting state networks define distinct modes of long-distance interactions in the human brain. Neuroimage 29: 1359-1367. (Pubitemid 43184199)
112. Dosenbach NU, Nardos B, Cohen AL, Fair DA, Power JD, et al. (2010) Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI. Science 329: 1358-1361.
113. Salvador R, Suckling J, Coleman MR, Pickard JD, Menon D, et al. (2005) Neurophysiological architecture of functional magnetic resonance images of human brain. Cereb Cortex 15: 1332-1342.
114. van den Heuvel M, Mandl R, Hulshoff Pol H (2008) Normalized cut group clustering of resting-state FMRI data. PLoS One 3: e2001.
115. Sporns O, Honey CJ (2006) Small worlds inside big brains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 19219-19220. (Pubitemid 46026014)
116. Sierra M, Lopera F, Lambert MV, Phillips ML, David AS (2002) Separating depersonalisation and derealisation: the relevance of the "lesion method". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72: 530-532.
117. Decety J, Grezes J (2006) The power of simulation: imagining one's own and other's behavior. Brain Res 1079: 4-14.
118. Gallagher S (2005) How the body shapes the mind. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
119. Ibanez A, Huepe D, Gempp R, Gutiérrez V, Rivera-Rei A, et al. (2013) Empathy, sex and fluid intelligence as predictors of theory of mind. Personality and Individual Differences 54: 616-621.
120. Decety J, Jackson PL (2004) The functional architecture of human empathy. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev 3: 71-100.
121. Iacoboni M (2005) Understanding others: imitation, language, empathy. In: Hurley S, Chater, N., editor.Perspectives on Imitation: from Cognitive Neuroscience to Social Science. Cambridge: MIT Press.
122. Keysers C, Wicker B, Gazzola V, Anton JL, Fogassi L, et al. (2004) A touching sight: SII/PV activation during the observation and experience of touch. Neuron 42: 335-346. (Pubitemid 38501654)
123. Wicker B, Keysers C, Plailly J, Royet JP, Gallese V, et al. (2003) Both of us disgusted in My insula: the common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron 40: 655-664. (Pubitemid 37494712)
124. Iacoboni M (2009) Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons. Annu Rev Psychol 60: 653-670.
125. Rizzolatti G, Fogassi L, Gallese V (2006) Mirrors of the mind. Sci Am 295: 54-61.
126. Singer T, Lamm C (2009) The social neuroscience of empathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1156: 81-96.
127. Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I (2001) The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 42: 241-251. (Pubitemid 32233124)
128. Davis M (1980) A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology. pp. 85.
129. Ernst J, Northoff G, Boker H, Seifritz E, Grimm S (2012) Interoceptive awareness enhances neural activity during empathy. Hum Brain Mapp.
130. Sierra M, Medford N, Wyatt G, David AS (2012) Depersonalization disorder and anxiety: a special relationship? Psychiatry Res 197: 123-127.