Outcomes of antiretroviral therapy over a 10-year period of expansion: A multicohort analysis of African and Asian HIV programs

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 67, Issue 2, 2014, Pages e55-e66

  Grimsrud, Anna ^a   Balkan, Suna ^b   Casas, Esther C ^b   Lujan, Johnny ^b   Van Cutsem, Gilles ^a,b   Poulet, Elisabeth ^c   Myer, Landon ^a   Pujades Rodriguez, Mar ^b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES   (Switzerland)

^c EPICENTRE   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapy (highly active); Loss to follow up; Mortality; Program outcomes; Retention; Survival analysis

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICA; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; ASIA; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV INFECTIONS; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PROCEDURES; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SURVIVAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICA; ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; ASIA; COHORT STUDIES; ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; LOST TO FOLLOW-UP; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84903334980     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: 10779450     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000268     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. World Health Organization. Global Update on HIV Treatment 2013: Results, Impact and Opportunities. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2013.
2. McGuire M, Pinoges L, Kanapathipillai R, et al. Treatment initiation, program attrition and patient treatment outcomes associated with scale-up and decentralization of HIV care in rural Malawi. PLoS One. 2012; 7: E38044.
3. World Health Organization. Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2013.
4. Cornell M, Grimsrud A, Fairall L, et al. Temporal changes in programme outcomes among adult patients initiating antiretroviral therapy across South Africa, 2002-2007. AIDS. 2010; 24: 2263-2270.
5. Kranzer K, Govindasamy D, Ford N, et al. Quantifying and addressing losses along the continuum of care for people living with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc. 2012; 15: 17383.
6. Nglazi MD, Lawn SD, Kaplan R, et al. Changes in programmatic outcomes during 7 years of scale-up at a community-based antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa. J Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2011; 56: E1-e8.
7. Fox MP, Rosen S. Patient retention in antiretroviral therapy programs up to three years on treatment in sub-Saharan Africa, 2007-2009: Systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2010; 15: 1-15.
8. Rosen S, Fox MP. Retention in HIV care between testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS Med. 2011; 8: E1001056.
9. Ochieng-Ooko V, Ochieng D, Sidle JE, et al. Influence of gender on loss to follow-up in a large HIV treatment programme in western Kenya. Bull World Health Organ. 2010; 88: 681-688.
10. Duncombe C, Ball A, Passarelli C, et al. Treatment 2.0: Catalyzing the next phase of treatment, care and support. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013; 8: 4-11.
11. Pujades-Rodriguez M, O'Brien D, Humblet P, et al. Second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: The experience of Medecins Sans Frontieres. AIDS. 2008; 22: 1305-1312.
12. Grimsrud AT, Cornell M, Egger M, et al. Impact of definitions of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in antiretroviral therapy program evaluation: Variation in the definition can have an appreciable impact on estimated proportions of LTFU. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013; 66: 1006-1013.
13. Fine JP, Gray RJ. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. J Am Stat Assoc. 1999; 94: 496-509.
14. Boulle A, Van Cutsem G, Hilderbrand K, et al. Seven-year experience of a primary care antiretroviral treatment programme in Khayelitsha, South Africa. AIDS. 2010; 24: 563-572.
15. Geng EH, Hunt PW, Diero LO, et al. Trends in the clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania between 2002 and 2009. J Int AIDS Soc. 2011; 14: 46.
16. Kigozi IM, Dobkin LM, Martin JN, et al. Late-disease stage at presentation to an HIV clinic in the era of free antiretroviral therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009; 52: 280-289.
17. Rosen S, Fox MP, Gill CJ. Patient retention in antiretroviral therapy programs in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS Med. 2007; 4: E298.
18. Van Cutsem G, Ford N, Hildebrand K, et al. Correcting for mortality among patients lost to follow up on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: A cohort analysis. PLoS One. 2011; 6: E14684.
19. Boyles TH, Wilkinson LS, Leisegang R, et al. Factors influencing retention in care after starting antiretroviral therapy in a rural South African programme. PLoS One. 2011; 6: E19201.
20. Kranzer K, Lewis JJ, Ford N, et al. Treatment interruption in a primary care antiretroviral therapy program in South Africa: Cohort analysis of trends and risk factors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010; 00: 1-7.
21. Fox MP, Brennan A, Maskew M, et al. Using vital registration data to update mortality among patients lost to follow-up from ART programmes: Evidence from the Themba Lethu Clinic, South Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2010; 15: 405-413.
22. Brinkhof MW, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Egger M. Mortality of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited settings: Systematic review and meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2009; 4: E5790.
23. Kranzer K, Ford N. Unstructured treatment interruption of antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice: A systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2011; 16: 1297-1313.
24. Geng EH, Nash D, Kambugu A, et al. Retention in care among HIVinfected patients in resource-limited settings: Emerging insights and new directions. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2010; 7: 234-244.
25. McGuire M, Munyenyembe T, Szumilin E, et al. Vital status of pre-ART and ART patients defaulting from care in rural Malawi. Trop Med Int Health. 2010; 15(suppl 1): 55-62.
26. Henriques J, Pujades-Rodriguez M, McGuire M, et al. Comparison of methods to correct survival estimates and survival regression analysis on a large HIV African cohort. PLoS One. 2012; 7: E31706.
27. Ingle SM, May M, Uebel K, et al. Outcomes in patients waiting for antiretroviral treatment in the Free State Province, South Africa: Prospective linkage study. AIDS. 2010; 24: 2717-2725.
28. Harries AD, Schouten EJ, Libamba E. Scaling up antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor settings. Lancet. 2006; 367: 1870-1872.
29. Lahuerta M, Ue F, Hoffman S, et al. The problem of late ART initiation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A transient aspect of scale-up or a long-Term phenomenon? J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2013; 24: 359-383.
30. Bastard M, Nicolay N, Szumilin E, et al. Adults receiving HIV care before the start of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: Patient outcomes and associated risk factors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013; 64: 455-463.
31. Schöni-Affolter F, Keiser O, Mwango A, et al. Estimating loss to follow-up in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: The effect of the competing risk of death in Zambia and Switzerland. PLoS One. 2011; 6: E27919.
32. Clouse K, Pettifor A, Maskew M, et al. Initiating antiretroviral therapy when presenting with higher CD4 cell counts results in reduced loss to follow-up in a resource-limited setting. AIDS. 2013; 27: 645-650.
33. Granich R, Gilks C, Dye C, et al. Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: A mathematical model. Lancet. 2009; 373: 48-57.
34. Fenner L, Brinkhof MW, Keiser O, et al. Early mortality and loss to follow-up in HIV-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010; 54: 524-532.
35. Decroo T, Telfer B, Biot M, et al. Distribution of antiretroviral treatment through self-forming groups of patients in Tete Province, Mozambique. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011; 56: E39-e44.
36. Luque-Fernandez MA, Van Cutsem G, Goemaere E, et al. Effectiveness of patient adherence groups as a model of care for stable patients on antiretroviral therapy in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa. PLoS One. 2013; 8: E56088.
37. Ford N, Mills EJ. Simplified ART delivery models are needed for the next phase of scale up. PLoS Med. 2011; 8: E1001060.
38. Wilkinson LS. ART adherence clubs: A long-Term retention strategy for clinically stable patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. South Afr J HIV Med. 2013; 14: 48-50.