메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 677-684

A systematic literature review assessing the directional impact of managed care formulary restrictions on medication adherence, clinical outcomes, economic outcomes, and health care resource utilization

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DRUG COST; DRUG FORMULARY; ECONOMIC ASPECT; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; MANAGED CARE; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ECONOMICS; HEALTH INSURANCE; HEALTH SERVICE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PUBLICATION; UTILIZATION; CLINICAL OUTCOME; PHARMACY;

EID: 84903143339     PISSN: 10834087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.7.677     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (64)

References (107)
  • 1
    • 84903122282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Statistics Group; U.S. Dept of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis; and U.S. Bureau of the Census. Table 1. National health expenditures; aggregate and per capita amounts, annual percent change and percent distribution: selected calendar years 1960-2012. Available at: Accessed May 6, 2014.
    • Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Statistics Group; U.S. Dept of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis; and U.S. Bureau of the Census. Table 1. National health expenditures; aggregate and per capita amounts, annual percent change and percent distribution: selected calendar years 1960-2012. Available at: http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and- Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/tables.pdf. Accessed May 6, 2014.
  • 2
    • 84903211008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMS Institute for Health Care Informatics. Declining medicine use and costs: for better or for worse. April 2012. Available at: Accessed June 4, 2014.
    • IMS Institute for Health Care Informatics. Declining medicine use and costs: for better or for worse. April 2012. Available at: http://www.imshealth. com/portal/site/imshealth/menuitem.762a961826aad98f53c753c71ad8c22 a/?vgnextoid=5b21ee0a8e631410VgnVCM10000076192ca2RCRD. Accessed June 4, 2014.
  • 3
    • 84903149799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research & Educational Trust. Employer health benefits 2010: annual survey. September 2010. Available at:. Accessed June 4, 2014.
    • The Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research & Educational Trust. Employer health benefits 2010: annual survey. September 2010. Available at: http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/8085.pdf. Accessed June 4, 2014.
  • 4
    • 84903153532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. Principles of a sound drug formulary system. October 2000. Available at:
    • Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. Principles of a sound drug formulary system. October 2000. Available at: www.amcp.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=9280.
  • 5
    • 34347381507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription drug cost sharing: associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health
    • Goldman DP, Joyce GF, Zheng Y. Prescription drug cost sharing: associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health. JAMA. 2007;298(1):61-69.
    • (2007) JAMA. , vol.298 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-69
    • Goldman, D.P.1    Joyce, G.F.2    Zheng, Y.3
  • 6
    • 42449124605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions designed to improve the quality and efficiency of medication use in managed care: a critical review of the literature-2001-2007
    • Lu CY, Ross-Degnan D, Soumerai SB, Pearson SA. Interventions designed to improve the quality and efficiency of medication use in managed care: a critical review of the literature-2001-2007. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:75.
    • (2008) BMC Health Serv Res. , vol.8 , pp. 75
    • Lu, C.Y.1    Ross-Degnan, D.2    Soumerai, S.B.3    Pearson, S.A.4
  • 7
    • 79953211598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of 6 managed care pharmacy tools: a review of the literature
    • Shoemaker SJ, Pozniak A, Subramanian R, Mauch D. Effect of 6 managed care pharmacy tools: a review of the literature. J Manag Care Pharm. 2010;16(6 Suppl):S3-S20. Available at: http://www.amcp.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=8359.
    • (2010) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.16 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Shoemaker, S.J.1    Pozniak, A.2    Subramanian, R.3    Mauch, D.4
  • 8
    • 0000443527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intended and unintended consequences of HMO cost-containment strategies: result from the Managed Care Outcomes Project
    • Horn SD, Sharkey PD, Tracy DM, et al. Intended and unintended consequences of HMO cost-containment strategies: result from the Managed Care Outcomes Project. Am J Manag Care. 1996;2:253-64.
    • (1996) Am J Manag Care. , vol.2 , pp. 253-264
    • Horn, S.D.1    Sharkey, P.D.2    Tracy, D.M.3
  • 9
    • 27744577247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of prescription drug cost sharing: a review of the evidence
    • Gibson TB, Ozminkowski RJ, Goetzel RZ. The effects of prescription drug cost sharing: a review of the evidence. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11(11):730-40.
    • (2005) Am J Manag Care. , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 730-740
    • Gibson, T.B.1    Ozminkowski, R.J.2    Goetzel, R.Z.3
  • 10
    • 77951551417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacy cost sharing, antiplatelet therapy utilization, and health outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome
    • Philipson TJ, Mozaffari E, Maclean JR. Pharmacy cost sharing, antiplatelet therapy utilization, and health outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(4):290-97.
    • (2010) Am J Manag Care. , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 290-297
    • Philipson, T.J.1    Mozaffari, E.2    Maclean, J.R.3
  • 11
    • 79958740350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between prescription copayment levels and beta-blocker medication adherence in commercially insured heart failure patients 50 years and older
    • Patterson ME, Blalock SJ, Smith AJ, Murray MD. Associations between prescription copayment levels and beta-blocker medication adherence in commercially insured heart failure patients 50 years and older. Clin Ther. 2011;33(5):608-16.
    • (2011) Clin Ther. , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 608-616
    • Patterson, M.E.1    Blalock, S.J.2    Smith, A.J.3    Murray, M.D.4
  • 12
    • 80052148690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Medicaid copayments on patients with cancer: lessons for Medicaid expansion under health reform
    • Subramanian S. Impact of Medicaid copayments on patients with cancer: lessons for Medicaid expansion under health reform. Med Care. 2011;49(9):842-47.
    • (2011) Med Care. , vol.49 , Issue.9 , pp. 842-847
    • Subramanian, S.1
  • 13
    • 44049101594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred drug lists: potential impact on healthcare economics
    • Ovsag K, Hydery S, Mousa SA. Preferred drug lists: potential impact on healthcare economics. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(2):403-13.
    • (2008) Vasc Health Risk Manag. , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 403-413
    • Ovsag, K.1    Hydery, S.2    Mousa, S.A.3
  • 14
    • 12844277255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are incentive-based formularies inversely associated with drug utilization in managed care?
    • Gleason PP, Gunderson BW, Gericke KR. Are incentive-based formularies inversely associated with drug utilization in managed care? Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39(2):339-45.
    • (2005) Ann Pharmacother. , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 339-345
    • Gleason, P.P.1    Gunderson, B.W.2    Gericke, K.R.3
  • 15
    • 0037279349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to pharmacy benefit management and the impact of consumer cost sharing
    • Olson BM. Approaches to pharmacy benefit management and the impact of consumer cost sharing. Clin Ther. 2003;25(1):250-72.
    • (2003) Clin Ther. , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 250-272
    • Olson, B.M.1
  • 16
    • 85039628046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMD Serono. EMD Serono Specialty Digest, 9th edition: Managed care strategies for specialty pharmaceuticals. 2013. Available at: Accessed May 21, 2014.
    • EMD Serono. EMD Serono Specialty Digest, 9th edition: Managed care strategies for specialty pharmaceuticals. 2013. Available at: http://www. amcp.org/EMDSeronoSpecialtyDigest9th.pdf. Accessed May 21, 2014.
  • 17
    • 0027731997 scopus 로고
    • Economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes: a planning model for pharmacoeconomic research
    • Kozma CM, Reeder CE, Schulz RM. Economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes: a planning model for pharmacoeconomic research. Clin Ther. 1993;15(6):1121-32.
    • (1993) Clin Ther. , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 1121-1132
    • Kozma, C.M.1    Reeder, C.E.2    Schulz, R.M.3
  • 19
    • 77957956827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of antidepressant step therapy protocols on pharmaceutical and medical utilization and expenditures
    • Mark TL, Gibson TM, McGuigan K, Chu BC. The effects of antidepressant step therapy protocols on pharmaceutical and medical utilization and expenditures. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(10):1202-09.
    • (2010) Am J Psychiatry. , vol.167 , Issue.10 , pp. 1202-1209
    • Mark, T.L.1    Gibson, T.M.2    McGuigan, K.3    Chu, B.C.4
  • 20
    • 61849176022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of antihypertensive step-therapy protocols on pharmaceutical and medical utilization and expenditures
    • Mark TL, Gibson TB, McGuigan KA. The effects of antihypertensive step-therapy protocols on pharmaceutical and medical utilization and expenditures. Am J Manag Care. 2009;15(2):123-31.
    • (2009) Am J Manag Care. , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-131
    • Mark, T.L.1    Gibson, T.B.2    McGuigan, K.A.3
  • 21
    • 27544500060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of an SSRI generic step therapy pharmacy benefit design: an economic model in anxiety disorders
    • Panzer PE, Regan TS, Chiao E, Sarnes MW. Implications of an SSRI generic step therapy pharmacy benefit design: an economic model in anxiety disorders. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11(12 Suppl):S370-S79.
    • (2005) Am J Manag Care. , vol.11 , Issue.12 SUPPL.
    • Panzer, P.E.1    Regan, T.S.2    Chiao, E.3    Sarnes, M.W.4
  • 22
    • 84903162823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a pregabalin step therapy policy among Medicare Advantage beneficiaries.
    • May 23 [Epub ahead of print].
    • Suehs BT, Louder A, Udall M, Cappelleri JC, Joshi AV, Patel NC. Impact of a pregabalin step therapy policy among Medicare Advantage beneficiaries. Pain Pract. 2013;May 23 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2013) Pain Pract
    • Suehs, B.T.1    Louder, A.2    Udall, M.3    Cappelleri, J.C.4    Joshi, A.V.5    Patel, N.C.6
  • 23
    • 33646463345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of olanzapine as first-line treatment for schizophrenia: results from a randomized, open-label, 1-year trial
    • Tunis SL, Faries DE, Nyhuis AW, Kinon BJ, Ascher-Svanum H, Aquila R. Cost-effectiveness of olanzapine as first-line treatment for schizophrenia: results from a randomized, open-label, 1-year trial. Value Health. 2006;9(2):77-89.
    • (2006) Value Health. , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-89
    • Tunis, S.L.1    Faries, D.E.2    Nyhuis, A.W.3    Kinon, B.J.4    Ascher-Svanum, H.5    Aquila, R.6
  • 24
    • 84878909090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a step-therapy protocol for pregabalin on healthcare utilization and expenditures in a commercial population
    • Udall M, Louder A, Suehs BT, Cappelleri JC, Joshi AV, Patel NC. Impact of a step-therapy protocol for pregabalin on healthcare utilization and expenditures in a commercial population. J Med Econ. 2013;16(6):784-92.
    • (2013) J Med Econ. , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 784-792
    • Udall, M.1    Louder, A.2    Suehs, B.T.3    Cappelleri, J.C.4    Joshi, A.V.5    Patel, N.C.6
  • 25
    • 84865824909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemoglobin A1c outcomes and health care resource use in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with combination oral antidiabetic drugs through step therapy and loose-dose and fixed-dose combinations
    • Williams SA, Buysman EK, Hulbert EM, Bergeson JG, Zhang B, Graham J. Hemoglobin A1c outcomes and health care resource use in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with combination oral antidiabetic drugs through step therapy and loose-dose and fixed-dose combinations. Manag Care. 2012;21(7):40-48.
    • (2012) Manag Care. , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 40-48
    • Williams, S.A.1    Buysman, E.K.2    Hulbert, E.M.3    Bergeson, J.G.4    Zhang, B.5    Graham, J.6
  • 26
    • 0035186808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prescription benefit changes on medical care utilization in a Medicare HMO population
    • Balkrishnan R, Byerly WG, Camacho FT, Shrestha A, Anderson RT. Effect of prescription benefit changes on medical care utilization in a Medicare HMO population. Am J Manag Care. 2001;7(11):1093-100.
    • (2001) Am J Manag Care. , vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp. 1093-1100
    • Balkrishnan, R.1    Byerly, W.G.2    Camacho, F.T.3    Shrestha, A.4    Anderson, R.T.5
  • 27
    • 53849118827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prescription copayments on adherence and treatment failure with oral antidiabetic medications
    • Barron J, Wahl P, Fisher M, Plauschiant C. Effect of prescription copayments on adherence and treatment failure with oral antidiabetic medications. PT. 2008;33(9):532-53.
    • (2008) PT. , vol.33 , Issue.9 , pp. 532-553
    • Barron, J.1    Wahl, P.2    Fisher, M.3    Plauschiant, C.4
  • 28
    • 77954717034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of adherence among Alzheimer's disease patients receiving oral therapy
    • Borah B, Sacco P, Zarotsky V. Predictors of adherence among Alzheimer's disease patients receiving oral therapy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(8):1957-65.
    • (2010) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 1957-1965
    • Borah, B.1    Sacco, P.2    Zarotsky, V.3
  • 29
    • 38449119344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New-user persistence with antihypertensives and prescription drug cost-sharing
    • Briesacher BA, Limcangco MR, Frech-Tamas F. New-user persistence with antihypertensives and prescription drug cost-sharing. J Clin Hyperten. 2007;9(11):831-36.
    • (2007) J Clin Hyperten. , vol.9 , Issue.11 , pp. 831-836
    • Briesacher, B.A.1    Limcangco, M.R.2    Frech-Tamas, F.3
  • 31
    • 77951041538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of persistence with antiplatelet therapy on recurrent ischemic stroke and predictors of nonpersistence among ischemic stroke survivors
    • Burke JP, Sander S, Shah H, Zarotsky V, Henk H. Impact of persistence with antiplatelet therapy on recurrent ischemic stroke and predictors of nonpersistence among ischemic stroke survivors. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(5):1023-30.
    • (2010) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 1023-1030
    • Burke, J.P.1    Sander, S.2    Shah, H.3    Zarotsky, V.4    Henk, H.5
  • 32
    • 80054770306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing pharmaceutical copayments: impact on asthma medication utilization and outcomes
    • Campbell JD, Allen-Ramey F, Sajjan SG, Maiese EM, Sullivan SD. Increasing pharmaceutical copayments: impact on asthma medication utilization and outcomes. Am J Manag Care. 2011;17(10):703-10.
    • (2011) Am J Manag Care. , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 703-710
    • Campbell, J.D.1    Allen-Ramey, F.2    Sajjan, S.G.3    Maiese, E.M.4    Sullivan, S.D.5
  • 33
    • 55649107723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost sharing and HEDIS performance
    • Chernew M, Gibson TB. Cost sharing and HEDIS performance. Med Care Res Rev. 2008;65(6):713-28.
    • (2008) Med Care Res Rev. , vol.65 , Issue.6 , pp. 713-728
    • Chernew, M.1    Gibson, T.B.2
  • 35
    • 38849208528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of decreasing copayments on medication adherence within a disease management environment
    • Chernew ME, Shah MR, Wegh A, et al. Impact of decreasing copayments on medication adherence within a disease management environment. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008;27(1):103-12.
    • (2008) Health Aff (Millwood). , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-112
    • Chernew, M.E.1    Shah, M.R.2    Wegh, A.3
  • 36
    • 82555196119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction
    • Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Glynn RJ, et al. Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(22):2088-97.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med. , vol.365 , Issue.22 , pp. 2088-2097
    • Choudhry, N.K.1    Avorn, J.2    Glynn, R.J.3
  • 37
    • 33746679832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug copayment and adherence in chronic heart failure: effect on cost and outcomes
    • Cole JA, Norman H, Weatherby LB, Walker AM. Drug copayment and adherence in chronic heart failure: effect on cost and outcomes. Pharmacotherapy. 2006;26(8):1157-64.
    • (2006) Pharmacotherapy. , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 1157-1164
    • Cole, J.A.1    Norman, H.2    Weatherby, L.B.3    Walker, A.M.4
  • 38
    • 79952278274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At Pitney Bowes, value-based insurance design cut copayments and increased drug adherence
    • Choudhry NK, Fischer MA, Avorn J, et al. At Pitney Bowes, value-based insurance design cut copayments and increased drug adherence. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(11):1995-2001.
    • (2010) Health Aff (Millwood). , vol.29 , Issue.11 , pp. 1995-2001
    • Choudhry, N.K.1    Fischer, M.A.2    Avorn, J.3
  • 39
    • 43549122112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of health plan copayments on adherence to oral diabetes medication and health resource utilization
    • Colombi AM, Yu-Isenberg K, Priest J. The effects of health plan copayments on adherence to oral diabetes medication and health resource utilization. J Occup Environ Med. 2008;50(5):535-41.
    • (2008) J Occup Environ Med. , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 535-541
    • Colombi, A.M.1    Yu-Isenberg, K.2    Priest, J.3
  • 40
    • 77649222220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence with injectable antidiabetic agents in members with type 2 diabetes in a commercial managed care organization
    • Cooke CE, Lee HY, Tong YP, Haines ST. Persistence with injectable antidiabetic agents in members with type 2 diabetes in a commercial managed care organization. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(1):231-38.
    • (2010) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 231-238
    • Cooke, C.E.1    Lee, H.Y.2    Tong, Y.P.3    Haines, S.T.4
  • 41
    • 54949098851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliance with biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: do patient outof- pocket payments matter?
    • Curkendall S, Patel V, Gleeson M, Campbell RS, Zagari M, Dubois R. Compliance with biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: do patient outof- pocket payments matter? Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(10):1519-26.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.59 , Issue.10 , pp. 1519-1526
    • Curkendall, S.1    Patel, V.2    Gleeson, M.3    Campbell, R.S.4    Zagari, M.5    Dubois, R.6
  • 42
    • 79955613195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing time costs and copayments for prescription drugs: an analysis of policy changes in a complex environment
    • Domino ME, Martin BC, Wiley-Exley E, et al. Increasing time costs and copayments for prescription drugs: an analysis of policy changes in a complex environment. Health Serv Res. 2011;46(3):900-19.
    • (2011) Health Serv Res. , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 900-919
    • Domino, M.E.1    Martin, B.C.2    Wiley-Exley, E.3
  • 44
    • 60549097683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a prescription copayment increase on lipid-lowering medication adherence in veterans
    • Doshi JA, Zhu J, Lee BY, Kimmel SE, Volpp KG. Impact of a prescription copayment increase on lipid-lowering medication adherence in veterans. Circulation. 2009;119(3):390-97.
    • (2009) Circulation. , vol.119 , Issue.3 , pp. 390-397
    • Doshi, J.A.1    Zhu, J.2    Lee, B.Y.3    Kimmel, S.E.4    Volpp, K.G.5
  • 46
    • 0346041518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective, long-term follow-up study of the effect of a three-tier prescription drug copayment system on pharmaceutical and other medical utilization and costs
    • Fairman KA, Motheral BR, Henderson RR. Retrospective, long-term follow-up study of the effect of a three-tier prescription drug copayment system on pharmaceutical and other medical utilization and costs. Clin Ther. 2003;25(12):3147-61.
    • (2003) Clin Ther. , vol.25 , Issue.12 , pp. 3147-3161
    • Fairman, K.A.1    Motheral, B.R.2    Henderson, R.R.3
  • 48
  • 49
    • 78149308433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost sharing effects on adherence and persistence for second-generation antipsychotics in commercially insured patients
    • Gibson T, Jiny Y, Kim E, et al. Cost sharing effects on adherence and persistence for second-generation antipsychotics in commercially insured patients. Manag Care. 2010;19(8):40-47.
    • (2010) Manag Care. , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 40-47
    • Gibson, T.1    Jiny, Y.2    Kim, E.3
  • 50
    • 41149134763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of multitiered copayments on the use and cost of prescription drugs among Medicare beneficiaries
    • Gilman BH, Kautter J. Impact of multitiered copayments on the use and cost of prescription drugs among Medicare beneficiaries. Health Serv Res. 2008;43(2):478-95.
    • (2008) Health Serv Res. , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 478-495
    • Gilman, B.H.1    Kautter, J.2
  • 51
    • 34250903632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer response to dual incentives under multitiered prescription drug formularies
    • Gilman BH, Kautter J. Consumer response to dual incentives under multitiered prescription drug formularies. Am J Manag Care. 2007;13(6 Pt 2):353-59.
    • (2007) Am J Manag Care. , vol.13 , Issue.6 PART 2 , pp. 353-359
    • Gilman, B.H.1    Kautter, J.2
  • 52
    • 70449578423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of prescription abandonment with cost share for high-cost specialty pharmacy medications
    • Gleason PP, Starner CI, Gunderson BW, Schafer JA, Sarran HS. Association of prescription abandonment with cost share for high-cost specialty pharmacy medications. J Manag Care Pharm. 2009;15(8):648-58. Available at: http://www.amcp.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=8229.
    • (2009) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 648-658
    • Gleason, P.P.1    Starner, C.I.2    Gunderson, B.W.3    Schafer, J.A.4    Sarran, H.S.5
  • 53
    • 31344466726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varying pharmacy benefits with clinical status: the case of cholesterol-lowering therapy
    • Goldman DP, Joyce GF, Karaca-Mandic P. Varying pharmacy benefits with clinical status: the case of cholesterol-lowering therapy. Am J Manag Care. 2006;12(1):21-28.
    • (2006) Am J Manag Care. , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-28
    • Goldman, D.P.1    Joyce, G.F.2    Karaca-Mandic, P.3
  • 54
    • 78650960645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Part D coverage gap and adherence to diabetes medications
    • Gu Q, Zeng F, Patel BV, Tripoli LC. Part D coverage gap and adherence to diabetes medications. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(12):911-18.
    • (2010) Am J Manag Care. , vol.16 , Issue.12 , pp. 911-918
    • Gu, Q.1    Zeng, F.2    Patel, B.V.3    Tripoli, L.C.4
  • 55
    • 44449118571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a Medicaid copayment policy on prescription drug and health services utilization in a fee-for-service Medicaid population
    • Hartung DM, Carlson MJ, Kraemer DF, Haxby DG, Ketchum KL, Greenlick MR. Impact of a Medicaid copayment policy on prescription drug and health services utilization in a fee-for-service Medicaid population. Med Care. 2008;46(6):565-72.
    • (2008) Med Care. , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 565-572
    • Hartung, D.M.1    Carlson, M.J.2    Kraemer, D.F.3    Haxby, D.G.4    Ketchum, K.L.5    Greenlick, M.R.6
  • 56
    • 16344364878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of 3-tier formularies on drug treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children
    • Huskamp HA, Deverka PA, Epstein AM, et al. Impact of 3-tier formularies on drug treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(4):435-41.
    • (2005) Arch Gen Psychiatry. , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 435-441
    • Huskamp, H.A.1    Deverka, P.A.2    Epstein, A.M.3
  • 57
    • 0031279454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of increased prescription drug cost-sharing on medical care utilization and expenses of elderly health maintenance organization members
    • Johnson RE, Goodman MJ, Hornbrook MC, Eldredge MB. The effect of increased prescription drug cost-sharing on medical care utilization and expenses of elderly health maintenance organization members. Med Care. 1997;35(11):1119-31.
    • (1997) Med Care. , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 1119-1131
    • Johnson, R.E.1    Goodman, M.J.2    Hornbrook, M.C.3    Eldredge, M.B.4
  • 58
    • 34250359789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of copayments on medication adherence during the first two years of prescription drug treatment
    • Kessler RC, Cantrell CR, Berglund P, Sokol MC. The effects of copayments on medication adherence during the first two years of prescription drug treatment. J Occup Environ Med. 2007;49(6):597-609.
    • (2007) J Occup Environ Med. , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 597-609
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Cantrell, C.R.2    Berglund, P.3    Sokol, M.C.4
  • 59
    • 79958754239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective evaluation of the impact of copayment increases for specialty medications on adherence and persistence in an integrated health maintenance organization system
    • Kim YA, Rascati KL, Prasla K, Godley P, Goel N, Dunlop D. Retrospective evaluation of the impact of copayment increases for specialty medications on adherence and persistence in an integrated health maintenance organization system. Clin Ther. 2011;33(5):598-607.
    • (2011) Clin Ther. , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 598-607
    • Kim, Y.A.1    Rascati, K.L.2    Prasla, K.3    Godley, P.4    Goel, N.5    Dunlop, D.6
  • 60
    • 27344453213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of 3-tier pharmacy benefit design and increased consumer cost-sharing on drug utilization
    • Landsman PB, Yu W, Liu X, Teutsch SM, Berger ML. Impact of 3-tier pharmacy benefit design and increased consumer cost-sharing on drug utilization. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11(10):621-28.
    • (2005) Am J Manag Care. , vol.11 , Issue.10 , pp. 621-628
    • Landsman, P.B.1    Yu, W.2    Liu, X.3    Teutsch, S.M.4    Berger, M.L.5
  • 61
    • 2942565798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of changes in patient cost sharing and drug sample policies on prescription drug costs and utilization in a safety-net-provider setting
    • Lurk JT, DeJong DJ, Woods TM, Knell ME, Carroll CA. Effects of changes in patient cost sharing and drug sample policies on prescription drug costs and utilization in a safety-net-provider setting. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2004;61(3):267-72.
    • (2004) Am J Health Syst Pharm. , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-272
    • Lurk, J.T.1    DeJong, D.J.2    Woods, T.M.3    Knell, M.E.4    Carroll, C.A.5
  • 62
    • 77952295236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing copayments and adherence to diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemic medications
    • Maciejewski ML, Bryson CL, Perkins M, et al. Increasing copayments and adherence to diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemic medications. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(1):e20-34.
    • (2010) Am J Manag Care. , vol.16 , Issue.1
    • Maciejewski, M.L.1    Bryson, C.L.2    Perkins, M.3
  • 63
    • 79952276257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copayment reductions generate greater medication adherence in targeted patients
    • Maciejewski ML, Farley JF, Parker J, Wansink D. Copayment reductions generate greater medication adherence in targeted patients. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(11):2002-08.
    • (2010) Health Aff (Millwood). , vol.29 , Issue.11 , pp. 2002-2008
    • Maciejewski, M.L.1    Farley, J.F.2    Parker, J.3    Wansink, D.4
  • 64
    • 0035653631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a three-tier prescription copay on pharmaceutical and other medical utilization
    • Motheral B, Fairman KA. Effect of a three-tier prescription copay on pharmaceutical and other medical utilization. Med Care. 2001;39(12):1293-304.
    • (2001) Med Care. , vol.39 , Issue.12 , pp. 1293-1304
    • Motheral, B.1    Fairman, K.A.2
  • 65
    • 79959325702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between prescription co-payment amount and compliance with adjuvant hormonal therapy in women with early-stage breast cancer
    • Neugut AI, Subar M, Wilde ET, et al. Association between prescription co-payment amount and compliance with adjuvant hormonal therapy in women with early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(18):2534-42.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol. , vol.29 , Issue.18 , pp. 2534-2542
    • Neugut, A.I.1    Subar, M.2    Wilde, E.T.3
  • 66
    • 34548590475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of factors associated with statin adherence in a hierarchical model considering physician, pharmacy, patient, and prescription characteristics
    • Pedan A, Varasteh L, Schneeweiss S. Analysis of factors associated with statin adherence in a hierarchical model considering physician, pharmacy, patient, and prescription characteristics. J Manag Care Pharm. 2007;13(6):487-96. Available at: http://www.amcp.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=7639.
    • (2007) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 487-496
    • Pedan, A.1    Varasteh, L.2    Schneeweiss, S.3
  • 67
    • 81155159659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to potentially harmful drug-disease interactions in older community-dwelling veterans based on the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set quality measure: who is at risk?
    • Pugh MJ, Starner CI, Amuan ME, et al. Exposure to potentially harmful drug-disease interactions in older community-dwelling veterans based on the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set quality measure: who is at risk? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(9):1673-78.
    • (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc. , vol.59 , Issue.9 , pp. 1673-1678
    • Pugh, M.J.1    Starner, C.I.2    Amuan, M.E.3
  • 68
    • 18444412930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of compliance with statin therapy and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment in a managed care population
    • Schultz JS, O'Donnell JC, McDonough KL, Sasane R, Meyer J. Determinants of compliance with statin therapy and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment in a managed care population. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11(5):306-12.
    • (2005) Am J Manag Care. , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 306-312
    • Schultz, J.S.1    O'Donnell, J.C.2    McDonough, K.L.3    Sasane, R.4    Meyer, J.5
  • 69
    • 58149093522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowering copayments: impact of simvastatin patent expiration on patient adherence
    • Sedjo RL, Cox ER. Lowering copayments: impact of simvastatin patent expiration on patient adherence. Am J Manag Care. 2008;14(12):813-18.
    • (2008) Am J Manag Care. , vol.14 , Issue.12 , pp. 813-818
    • Sedjo, R.L.1    Cox, E.R.2
  • 70
    • 78751692076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of prescriptions abandoned at the pharmacy
    • Shrank WH, Choudhry NK, Fischer MA, et al. The epidemiology of prescriptions abandoned at the pharmacy. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(10):633-40.
    • (2010) Ann Intern Med. , vol.153 , Issue.10 , pp. 633-640
    • Shrank, W.H.1    Choudhry, N.K.2    Fischer, M.A.3
  • 71
    • 33751016813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copayment level and compliance with antihypertensive medication: analysis and policy implications for managed care
    • Taira DA, Wong KS, Frech-Tamas F, Chung RS. Copayment level and compliance with antihypertensive medication: analysis and policy implications for managed care. Am J Manag Care. 2006;12(11):678-83.
    • (2006) Am J Manag Care. , vol.12 , Issue.11 , pp. 678-683
    • Taira, D.A.1    Wong, K.S.2    Frech-Tamas, F.3    Chung, R.S.4
  • 72
    • 84860784558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors of hyperlipidemia medication adherence in a nationwide health plan
    • Wiegand P, McCombs JS, Wang JJ. Factors of hyperlipidemia medication adherence in a nationwide health plan. Am J Manag Care. 2012;18(4):193-99.
    • (2012) Am J Manag Care. , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 193-199
    • Wiegand, P.1    McCombs, J.S.2    Wang, J.J.3
  • 73
    • 79956105623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copayment level, treatment persistence, and healthcare utilization in hypertension patients treated with single-pill combination therapy
    • Yang W, Kahler KH, Fellers T, et al. Copayment level, treatment persistence, and healthcare utilization in hypertension patients treated with single-pill combination therapy. J Med Econ. 2011;14(3):267-78.
    • (2011) J Med Econ. , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-278
    • Yang, W.1    Kahler, K.H.2    Fellers, T.3
  • 74
    • 38049053496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between copayment and adherence to statin treatment initiated after coronary heart disease hospitalization: a longitudinal, retrospective, cohort study
    • Ye X, Gross CR, Schommer J, Cline R, St Peter WL. Association between copayment and adherence to statin treatment initiated after coronary heart disease hospitalization: a longitudinal, retrospective, cohort study. Clin Ther. 2007;29(12):2748-57.
    • (2007) Clin Ther. , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 2748-2757
    • Ye, X.1    Gross, C.R.2    Schommer, J.3    Cline, R.4    St Peter, W.L.5
  • 75
    • 70849095471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-sharing and adherence to antihypertensives for low and high adherers
    • Yoon J, Ettner SL. Cost-sharing and adherence to antihypertensives for low and high adherers. Am J Manag Care. 2009;15(11):833-40.
    • (2009) Am J Manag Care. , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 833-840
    • Yoon, J.1    Ettner, S.L.2
  • 76
    • 34250870776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a medication copayment increase in veterans with schizophrenia
    • Zeber JE, Grazier KL, Valenstein M, Blow FC, Lantz PM. Effect of a medication copayment increase in veterans with schizophrenia. Am J Manag Care. 2007;13(6 Pt 2):335-46.
    • (2007) Am J Manag Care. , vol.13 , Issue.6 PART 2 , pp. 335-346
    • Zeber, J.E.1    Grazier, K.L.2    Valenstein, M.3    Blow, F.C.4    Lantz, P.M.5
  • 77
    • 77956360952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of value-based benefit design on adherence to diabetes medications: a propensity score-weighted difference in difference evaluation
    • Zeng F, An JJ, Scully R, Barrington C, Patel BV, Nichol MB. The impact of value-based benefit design on adherence to diabetes medications: a propensity score-weighted difference in difference evaluation. Value Health. 2010;13(6):846-52.
    • (2010) Value Health. , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 846-852
    • Zeng, F.1    An, J.J.2    Scully, R.3    Barrington, C.4    Patel, B.V.5    Nichol, M.B.6
  • 78
    • 35949000476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of the magnitude of member cost-share and medication persistence with newly initiated renin angiotensin system blockers
    • Zhang D, Carlson AM, Gleason PP, et al. Relationship of the magnitude of member cost-share and medication persistence with newly initiated renin angiotensin system blockers. J Manag Care Pharm. 2007;13(8):664-76. Available at: http://www.amcp.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=7725.
    • (2007) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 664-676
    • Zhang, D.1    Carlson, A.M.2    Gleason, P.P.3
  • 79
    • 77957726331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic impact of prior authorization policies for atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia
    • Abouzaid S, Jutkowitz E, Foley KA, Pizzi LT, Kim E, Bates J. Economic impact of prior authorization policies for atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Popul Health Manag. 2010;13(5):247-54.
    • (2010) Popul Health Manag. , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 247-254
    • Abouzaid, S.1    Jutkowitz, E.2    Foley, K.A.3    Pizzi, L.T.4    Kim, E.5    Bates, J.6
  • 80
    • 65649141624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prior authorization for antidepressants in Medicaid: effects among disabled dual enrollees
    • Adams AS, Zhang F, LeCates RF, et al. Prior authorization for antidepressants in Medicaid: effects among disabled dual enrollees. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(8):750-56.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med. , vol.169 , Issue.8 , pp. 750-756
    • Adams, A.S.1    Zhang, F.2    LeCates, R.F.3
  • 81
    • 76549108504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description of the outcomes of prior authorization of palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a managed care organization
    • Buckley BC, Roylance D, Mitchell MP, Patel SM, Cannon HE, Dunn JD. Description of the outcomes of prior authorization of palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a managed care organization. J Manag Care Pharm. 2010;16(1):15-22. Available at: http://www.amcp. org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=8265.
    • (2010) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Buckley, B.C.1    Roylance, D.2    Mitchell, M.P.3    Patel, S.M.4    Cannon, H.E.5    Dunn, J.D.6
  • 82
    • 12144266162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and financial outcomes associated with a proton pump inhibitor prior-authorization program in a Medicaid population
    • Delate T, Mager DE, Sheth J, Motheral BR. Clinical and financial outcomes associated with a proton pump inhibitor prior-authorization program in a Medicaid population. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11(1):29-36.
    • (2005) Am J Manag Care. , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-36
    • Delate, T.1    Mager, D.E.2    Sheth, J.3    Motheral, B.R.4
  • 83
    • 51649103337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective assessment of Medicaid step-therapy prior authorization policy for atypical antipsychotic medications
    • Farley JF, Cline RR, Schommer JC, Hadsall RS, Nyman JA. Retrospective assessment of Medicaid step-therapy prior authorization policy for atypical antipsychotic medications. Clin Ther. 2008;30(8):1524-39.
    • (2008) Clin Ther. , vol.30 , Issue.8 , pp. 1524-1539
    • Farley, J.F.1    Cline, R.R.2    Schommer, J.C.3    Hadsall, R.S.4    Nyman, J.A.5
  • 84
    • 21444457253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical and pharmacy expenditures after implementation of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor prior authorization program
    • Gleason PP, Williams C, Hrdy S, Hartwig SC, Lassen D. Medical and pharmacy expenditures after implementation of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor prior authorization program. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25(7):924-34.
    • (2005) Pharmacotherapy. , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 924-934
    • Gleason, P.P.1    Williams, C.2    Hrdy, S.3    Hartwig, S.C.4    Lassen, D.5
  • 85
    • 33749350825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of Oregon's evidence-based Practitioner-Managed Prescription Drug Plan
    • Hartung DM, Ketchum KL, Haxby DG. An evaluation of Oregon's evidence-based Practitioner-Managed Prescription Drug Plan. Health Aff (Millwood). 2006;25(5):1423-32.
    • (2006) Health Aff (Millwood). , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 1423-1432
    • Hartung, D.M.1    Ketchum, K.L.2    Haxby, D.G.3
  • 86
    • 9644265644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a prior-authorization policy for celecoxib on medical service and prescription drug use in a managed care Medicaid population
    • Hartung DM, Touchette DR, Ketchum KL, Haxby DG, Goldberg BW. Effects of a prior-authorization policy for celecoxib on medical service and prescription drug use in a managed care Medicaid population. Clin Ther. 2004;26(9):1518-32.
    • (2004) Clin Ther. , vol.26 , Issue.9 , pp. 1518-1532
    • Hartung, D.M.1    Touchette, D.R.2    Ketchum, K.L.3    Haxby, D.G.4    Goldberg, B.W.5
  • 87
    • 77952497558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of two Medicaid priorauthorization policies on antihypertensive use and costs among Michigan and Indiana residents dually enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare: results of a longitudinal, population-based study
    • Law MR, Lu CY, Soumerai SB, et al. Impact of two Medicaid priorauthorization policies on antihypertensive use and costs among Michigan and Indiana residents dually enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare: results of a longitudinal, population-based study. Clin Ther. 2010;32(4):729-41.
    • (2010) Clin Ther. , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 729-741
    • Law, M.R.1    Lu, C.Y.2    Soumerai, S.B.3
  • 88
    • 77954096052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthcare utilization and cost effects of prior authorization for pregabalin in commercial health plans
    • Margolis JM, Cao Z, Onukwugha E, et al. Healthcare utilization and cost effects of prior authorization for pregabalin in commercial health plans. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(6):447-56.
    • (2010) Am J Manag Care. , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 447-456
    • Margolis, J.M.1    Cao, Z.2    Onukwugha, E.3
  • 89
    • 74049156712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a Medicaid prior authorization policy for pregabalin
    • Margolis JM, Johnston SS, Chu BC, et al. Effects of a Medicaid prior authorization policy for pregabalin. Am J Manag Care. 2009;15(10):e95-102.
    • (2009) Am J Manag Care. , vol.15 , Issue.10
    • Margolis, J.M.1    Johnston, S.S.2    Chu, B.C.3
  • 90
    • 0036860293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective analysis of the revocation of prior authorization restrictions and the use of antidepressant medications for treating major depressive disorder
    • McCombs JS, Shi L, Stimmel GL, Croghan TW. A retrospective analysis of the revocation of prior authorization restrictions and the use of antidepressant medications for treating major depressive disorder. Clin Ther. 2002;24(11):1939-59.
    • (2002) Clin Ther. , vol.24 , Issue.11 , pp. 1939-1959
    • McCombs, J.S.1    Shi, L.2    Stimmel, G.L.3    Croghan, T.W.4
  • 91
    • 0036841657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of NSAIDs prior authorization policy on patients' QoL
    • Momani AA, Madhavan SS, Nau DP. Impact of NSAIDs prior authorization policy on patients' QoL. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36(11):1686-91.
    • (2002) Ann Pharmacother. , vol.36 , Issue.11 , pp. 1686-1691
    • Momani, A.A.1    Madhavan, S.S.2    Nau, D.P.3
  • 92
    • 77953303956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost and utilization of behavioral health medications associated with rescission of an exemption for prior authorization for severe and persistent mental illness in the Vermont Medicaid Program
    • Simeone JC, Marcoux RM, Quilliam BJ. Cost and utilization of behavioral health medications associated with rescission of an exemption for prior authorization for severe and persistent mental illness in the Vermont Medicaid Program. J Manag Care Pharm. 2010;16(5):317-28. Available at: http://www.amcp.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=8347.
    • (2010) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 317-328
    • Simeone, J.C.1    Marcoux, R.M.2    Quilliam, B.J.3
  • 93
    • 38149087431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Medicaid prior authorization requirement for COX-2 inhibitor drugs in Nebraska
    • Siracuse MV, Vuchetich PJ. Impact of Medicaid prior authorization requirement for COX-2 inhibitor drugs in Nebraska. Health Serv Res. 2008;43(1 Pt 2):435-50.
    • (2008) Health Serv Res. , vol.43 , Issue.1 PART 2 , pp. 435-450
    • Siracuse, M.V.1    Vuchetich, P.J.2
  • 94
    • 0029075682 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a prior-authorization requirement on the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs by Medicaid patients
    • Smalley WE, Griffin MR, Fought RL, Sullivan L, Ray WA. Effect of a prior-authorization requirement on the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs by Medicaid patients. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(24):1612-17.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med. , vol.332 , Issue.24 , pp. 1612-1617
    • Smalley, W.E.1    Griffin, M.R.2    Fought, R.L.3    Sullivan, L.4    Ray, W.A.5
  • 95
    • 44449114349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia in Maine Medicaid following a policy change
    • Soumerai SB, Zhang F, Ross-Degnan D, et al. Use of atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia in Maine Medicaid following a policy change. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008;27(3):w185-95.
    • (2008) Health Aff (Millwood). , vol.27 , Issue.3
    • Soumerai, S.B.1    Zhang, F.2    Ross-Degnan, D.3
  • 96
    • 84860736930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone prior authorization safety policy: a cohort study
    • Starner CI, Fenrick B, Coleman J, Wickersham P, Gleason PP. Rosiglitazone prior authorization safety policy: a cohort study. J Manag Care Pharm. 2012;18(3):225-33. Available at: http://www.amcp.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=14970.
    • (2012) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-233
    • Starner, C.I.1    Fenrick, B.2    Coleman, J.3    Wickersham, P.4    Gleason, P.P.5
  • 97
    • 77951572313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of changes in utilization of health-care services after implementation of a prior authorization policy for atypical antipsychotic agents
    • Walthour A, Seymour L, Tackett R, Perri M. Assessment of changes in utilization of health-care services after implementation of a prior authorization policy for atypical antipsychotic agents. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44(5):809-18.
    • (2010) Ann Pharmacother. , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 809-818
    • Walthour, A.1    Seymour, L.2    Tackett, R.3    Perri, M.4
  • 98
    • 65249164843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prior authorization on medication discontinuation among Medicaid beneficiaries with bipolar disorder
    • Zhang Y, Adams AS, Ross-Degnan D, Zhang F, Soumerai SB. Effects of prior authorization on medication discontinuation among Medicaid beneficiaries with bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Serv. 2009;60(4):520-27.
    • (2009) Psychiatr Serv. , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 520-527
    • Zhang, Y.1    Adams, A.S.2    Ross-Degnan, D.3    Zhang, F.4    Soumerai, S.B.5
  • 99
    • 45549084074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicaid prescription formulary restrictions and arthritis treatment costs
    • Johnson TJ, Stahl-Moncada S. Medicaid prescription formulary restrictions and arthritis treatment costs. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(7):1300-05.
    • (2008) Am J Public Health. , vol.98 , Issue.7 , pp. 1300-1305
    • Johnson, T.J.1    Stahl-Moncada, S.2
  • 100
    • 14844312887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of access restrictions on the vintage of drugs used by Medicaid enrollees
    • Lichtenberg FR. The effect of access restrictions on the vintage of drugs used by Medicaid enrollees. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11(Spec No):SP7-13.
    • (2005) Am J Manag Care. , vol.11 , Issue.SPEC. NO.
    • Lichtenberg, F.R.1
  • 101
    • 14844312041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploration of the impact of preferred drug lists on hospital and physician visits and the costs to Medicaid
    • Murawski MM, Abdelgawad T. Exploration of the impact of preferred drug lists on hospital and physician visits and the costs to Medicaid. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11(Spec No):SP35-42.
    • (2005) Am J Manag Care. , vol.11 , Issue.SPEC. NO.
    • Murawski, M.M.1    Abdelgawad, T.2
  • 102
    • 34250369662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Medicaid preferred drug lists on therapeutic adherence
    • Ridley DB, Axelsen KJ. Impact of Medicaid preferred drug lists on therapeutic adherence. Pharmacoeconomics. 2006;24(Suppl 3):65-78.
    • (2006) Pharmacoeconomics. , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 65-78
    • Ridley, D.B.1    Axelsen, K.J.2
  • 103
    • 0032864328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective contracting and patient outcomes: a case study of formulary restrictions for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants
    • Streja DA, Hui RL, Streja E, McCombs JS. Selective contracting and patient outcomes: a case study of formulary restrictions for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. Am J Manag Care. 1999;5(9):1133-42.
    • (1999) Am J Manag Care. , vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp. 1133-1142
    • Streja, D.A.1    Hui, R.L.2    Streja, E.3    McCombs, J.S.4
  • 104
    • 14844311192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicaid prescription drug access restrictions: exploring the effect on patient persistence with hypertension medications
    • Wilson J, Axelsen K, Tang S. Medicaid prescription drug access restrictions: exploring the effect on patient persistence with hypertension medications. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11(Spec No):SP27-34.
    • (2005) Am J Manag Care. , vol.11 , Issue.SPEC. NO.
    • Wilson, J.1    Axelsen, K.2    Tang, S.3
  • 105
    • 34548128901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling prescription drug expenditures: a report of success
    • Miller DP, Furberg CD, Small RH, et al. Controlling prescription drug expenditures: a report of success. Am J Manag Care. 2007;13(8):473-80.
    • (2007) Am J Manag Care. , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 473-480
    • Miller, D.P.1    Furberg, C.D.2    Small, R.H.3
  • 106
    • 33745113530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a polypharmacy edit and reduced quantity limits on the utilization of triptans and overall costs in an integrated health system
    • Dunn JD, Cannon HE. Effects of a polypharmacy edit and reduced quantity limits on the utilization of triptans and overall costs in an integrated health system. Manag Care Interface. 2006;19(5):46-51.
    • (2006) Manag Care Interface. , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 46-51
    • Dunn, J.D.1    Cannon, H.E.2
  • 107
    • 0642347679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a monthly coverage maximum (drug-specific quantity limit) on the 5-HT1 agonists (triptans) and dihydroergotamine nasal spray
    • Hoffman L, Mayzell G, Pedan A, Farrell M, Gilbert T. Evaluation of a monthly coverage maximum (drug-specific quantity limit) on the 5-HT1 agonists (triptans) and dihydroergotamine nasal spray. J Manag Care Pharm. 2003;9(4):335-45. Available at: http://www.amcp.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=6831.
    • (2003) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-345
    • Hoffman, L.1    Mayzell, G.2    Pedan, A.3    Farrell, M.4    Gilbert, T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.