메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 2002-2008

Copayment reductions generate greater medication adherence in targeted patients

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD; COST; ECONOMICS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79952276257     PISSN: 02782715     EISSN: 15445208     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0571     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (108)

References (40)
  • 1
    • 84872253231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaiser Family Foundation, Health Research and Educational Trust
    • Menlo Park (CA): KFF; 2009 Sep [cited 2010 Oct 4]. Available from:
    • Kaiser Family Foundation, Health Research and Educational Trust. Employer health benefits: 2009 annual survey [Internet]. Menlo Park (CA): KFF; 2009 Sep [cited 2010 Oct 4]. Available from: http://ehbs.kff.org/pdf/2009/7936.pdf
    • Employer health benefits: 2009 annual survey [Internet]
  • 2
    • 0022414739 scopus 로고
    • The demand for prescription drugs as a function of costsharing
    • Leibowitz A, Manning WG, Newhouse JP. The demand for prescription drugs as a function of costsharing. Soc Sci Med. 1985;21(10): 1063-9.
    • (1985) Soc Sci Med. , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1063-1069
    • Leibowitz, A.1    Manning, W.G.2    Newhouse, J.P.3
  • 3
    • 34347381507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription drug cost sharing: associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health
    • Goldman DP, Joyce GF, Zheng Y. Prescription drug cost sharing: associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health. JAMA. 2007;298(1): 61-9.
    • (2007) JAMA. , vol.298 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-69
    • Goldman, D.P.1    Joyce, G.F.2    Zheng, Y.3
  • 4
    • 1642280042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prescription drug user fees on drug and health services use and on health status in vulnerable populations: a systematic review of the evidence
    • Lexchin J, Grootendorst P. Effects of prescription drug user fees on drug and health services use and on health status in vulnerable populations: a systematic review of the evidence. Int J Health Serv. 2004; 34(1):101-22.
    • (2004) Int J Health Serv. , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-122
    • Lexchin, J.1    Grootendorst, P.2
  • 5
    • 0034799707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A benefit-based copay for prescription drugs: patient contribution based on total benefits, not drug acquisition cost
    • Fendrick AM, Smith DG, Chernew ME, Shah SN. A benefit-based copay for prescription drugs: patient contribution based on total benefits, not drug acquisition cost. Am J Manag Care. 2001;7(9):861-7.
    • (2001) Am J Manag Care. , vol.7 , Issue.9 , pp. 861-867
    • Fendrick, A.M.1    Smith, D.G.2    Chernew, M.E.3    Shah, S.N.4
  • 6
  • 7
    • 22344445814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of full Medicare coverage of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for beneficiaries with diabetes
    • Rosen AB, Hamel MB, Weinstein MC, Cutler DM, Fendrick AM, Vijan S. Cost-effectiveness of full Medicare coverage of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for beneficiaries with diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143(2):89-99.
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med. , vol.143 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-99
    • Rosen, A.B.1    Hamel, M.B.2    Weinstein, M.C.3    Cutler, D.M.4    Fendrick, A.M.5    Vijan, S.6
  • 8
    • 40549119813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costeffectiveness of providing full drug coverage to increase medication adherence in post-myocardial infarction Medicare beneficiaries
    • Choudry NK, Patrick AR, Antman EM, Avorn J, Shrank WH. Costeffectiveness of providing full drug coverage to increase medication adherence in post-myocardial infarction Medicare beneficiaries. Circulation. 2008;117(10):1261-8.
    • (2008) Circulation. , vol.117 , Issue.10 , pp. 1261-1268
    • Choudry, N.K.1    Patrick, A.R.2    Antman, E.M.3    Avorn, J.4    Shrank, W.H.5
  • 9
    • 58149093522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowering copayments: impact of simvastatin patent expiration on patient adherence
    • Sedjo RL, Cox ER. Lowering copayments: impact of simvastatin patent expiration on patient adherence. Am J Manag Care. 2008;14(12):813-8.
    • (2008) Am J Manag Care. , vol.14 , Issue.12 , pp. 813-818
    • Sedjo, R.L.1    Cox, E.R.2
  • 10
    • 51349139540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value-based benefit design: using a predictive modeling approach to improve compliance
    • Mahoney JJ. Value-based benefit design: using a predictive modeling approach to improve compliance. J Manag Care Pharm. 2008; 14(6 Suppl B):3-8.
    • (2008) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.14 , Issue.6 SUPPL. B , pp. 3-8
    • Mahoney, J.J.1
  • 11
    • 74049098412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plan de-signs that encourage the use of generic drugs over brand-name drugs: an analysis of a free generic benefit
    • Rodin HA, Heaton AH, Wilson AR, Garrett NA, Plocher DW. Plan de-signs that encourage the use of generic drugs over brand-name drugs: an analysis of a free generic benefit. Am J Manag Care. 2009; 15(12):881-8.
    • (2009) Am J Manag Care. , vol.15 , Issue.12 , pp. 881-888
    • Rodin, H.A.1    Heaton, A.H.2    Wilson, A.R.3    Garrett, N.A.4    Plocher, D.W.5
  • 12
  • 14
    • 42449124605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions designed to improve the quality and efficiency of medication use in managed care: a critical review of the literature-2001-2007
    • Lu CY, Ross-Degnan D, Soumerai SB, Pearson SA. Interventions designed to improve the quality and efficiency of medication use in managed care: a critical review of the literature-2001-2007. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;7(8):75.
    • (2008) BMC Health Serv Res. , vol.7 , Issue.8 , pp. 75
    • Lu, C.Y.1    Ross-Degnan, D.2    Soumerai, S.B.3    Pearson, S.A.4
  • 15
    • 41349104920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making the world safe for evidence-based policy: let's slay the biases in research on value-based insurance design
    • Fairman KA, Curtiss FR. Making the world safe for evidence-based policy: let's slay the biases in research on value-based insurance design. J Manag Care Pharm. 2008;14(2): 198-204.
    • (2008) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 198-204
    • Fairman, K.A.1    Curtiss, F.R.2
  • 16
    • 69149106182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Still looking for health outcomes in all the wrong places? Misinterpreted observational evidence, medication adherence promotion, and value-based insurance design
    • Fairman KA, Curtiss FR. Still looking for health outcomes in all the wrong places? Misinterpreted observational evidence, medication adherence promotion, and value-based insurance design. J Manag Care Pharm. 2009;15(6):501-7.
    • (2009) J Manag Care Pharm. , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 501-507
    • Fairman, K.A.1    Curtiss, F.R.2
  • 17
    • 84872245729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The types of industries represented by the underwritten and self-insured employers included in the study differed. The most common categories for the underwritten group were professional, scientific, and technical services; special trade contractors; ambulatory health care services; educational services; and executive, legislative, and public finance. The most common categories for the self-insured groups were utilities; credit intermediation and related activities; food and beverage stores; hospitals; and executive, legislative, and public finance
    • The types of industries represented by the underwritten and self-insured employers included in the study differed. The most common categories for the underwritten group were professional, scientific, and technical services; special trade contractors; ambulatory health care services; educational services; and executive, legislative, and public finance. The most common categories for the self-insured groups were utilities; credit intermediation and related activities; food and beverage stores; hospitals; and executive, legislative, and public finance.
  • 18
    • 84872231911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To access the Appendix, click on the Appendix link in the box to the right of the article online
    • To access the Appendix, click on the Appendix link in the box to the right of the article online.
  • 19
    • 84872224741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We included drugs considered to be combination products in analyses of the categories for each of the therapeutic active ingredients. For example, an enrollee who switched from a statin and calcium-channel blocker to a combination therapy containing those active ingredients would have the days' supply for the combination therapy counted toward his or her medication possession ratios for both statins and calcium-channel blockers
    • We included drugs considered to be combination products in analyses of the categories for each of the therapeutic active ingredients. For example, an enrollee who switched from a statin and calcium-channel blocker to a combination therapy containing those active ingredients would have the days' supply for the combination therapy counted toward his or her medication possession ratios for both statins and calcium-channel blockers.
  • 20
    • 84872258601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • The inclusion of a nonequivalent dependent variable strengthened the internal validity of the adherence differences that we observed. We expected trends in angiotensinreceptor blocker adherence to be similar in the two groups because, as noted in the text, these drugs were available only as brand-name medications, and copays for such medications were reduced for both groups. Thus, we did not expect to see any impact of program implementation on adherence for these drugs. If there was a difference between the two groups, it would raise the question of whether the diverging trends that we saw in adherence with other medications were due to a factor like the one driving the difference with angiotensin-receptor blockers. As expected, we did not see any difference with these drugs; thus, we have greater confidence that the differences we saw with other drugs were due to the valuebased insurance design program, rather than to other factors.
  • 22
    • 0034323498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episode Treatment Groups (ETGs): a patient classification system for measuring outcomes performance by episode of illness
    • Forthman MT, Dove HG, Wooster LD. Episode Treatment Groups (ETGs): a patient classification system for measuring outcomes performance by episode of illness. Top Health Inf Manage. 2000;21(2): 51-61.
    • (2000) Top Health Inf Manage. , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 51-61
    • Forthman, M.T.1    Dove, H.G.2    Wooster, L.D.3
  • 25
    • 60549097683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a prescription copayment increase on lipid-lowering medication adherence in veterans
    • Doshi JA, Zhu J, Lee BY, Kimmel SE, Volpp KG. Impact of a prescription copayment increase on lipid-lowering medication adherence in veterans. Circulation. 2009;119(3):390-7.
    • (2009) Circulation. , vol.119 , Issue.3 , pp. 390-397
    • Doshi, J.A.1    Zhu, J.2    Lee, B.Y.3    Kimmel, S.E.4    Volpp, K.G.5
  • 26
    • 75149180019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is compliance really better in home delivery? Evidence across three chronic therapy classes [Internet]
    • Available from:, St. Louis (MO): Express Scripts; 2008 Sep [cited 2010 Mar 20]
    • Cox E, Mager D. Is compliance really better in home delivery? Evidence across three chronic therapy classes [Internet]. St. Louis (MO): Express Scripts; 2008 Sep [cited 2010 Mar 20]. Available from: http://www.express-scripts.com/research/studies/pharmacybenefitresearch/benefitdesign/docs/homeDeliveryCompliance.pdf
    • Cox, E.1    Mager, D.2
  • 27
    • 0034993174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating log models: to transform or not to transform?
    • Manning WG, Mullahy J. Estimating log models: to transform or not to transform?. J Health Econ. 2001; 20(4):461-94.
    • (2001) J Health Econ. , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 461-494
    • Manning, W.G.1    Mullahy, J.2
  • 28
    • 1542742319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining propensity score matching with additional adjustments for prognostic covariates
    • Rubin DB, Thomas N. Combining propensity score matching with additional adjustments for prognostic covariates. J Am Stat Assoc. 2000; 95:573-85.
    • (2000) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.95 , pp. 573-585
    • Rubin, D.B.1    Thomas, N.2
  • 29
    • 38849182246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score matching
    • Caliendo M, Kopeinig S. Some practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score matching. J Econ Surv. 2006; 22(1):31-72.
    • (2006) J Econ Surv. , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-72
    • Caliendo, M.1    Kopeinig, S.2
  • 30
    • 34249096110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A refill adherence algorithm for multiple short intervals to estimate refill compliance (ReComp)
    • Bryson CL, Au DH, Young B, McDonell MB, Fihn SD. A refill adherence algorithm for multiple short intervals to estimate refill compliance (ReComp). Med Care. 2007; 45(6):497-504.
    • (2007) Med Care. , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 497-504
    • Bryson, C.L.1    Au, D.H.2    Young, B.3    Mcdonell, M.B.4    Fihn, S.D.5
  • 31
    • 84872223422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medication possession ratio for the earlier months of the program was predominantly based on data from the pre period. For this reason, the statistical analysis was based only on two ratio measures, reflecting the pre period (January 1, 2007- December 31, 2007) and the post period (January 1, 2008-December 31, 2008)
    • The medication possession ratio for the earlier months of the program was predominantly based on data from the pre period. For this reason, the statistical analysis was based only on two ratio measures, reflecting the pre period (January 1, 2007- December 31, 2007) and the post period (January 1, 2008-December 31, 2008).
  • 34
    • 84872230434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaiser Family Foundation
    • Menlo Park (CA): KFF; 2009 Feb [cited 2010 Oct 4]. Available from:
    • Kaiser Family Foundation. Kaiser health tracking poll [Internet]. Menlo Park (CA): KFF; 2009 Feb [cited 2010 Oct 4]. Available from: http://www.kff.org/kaiserpolls/upload/7866.pdf
    • Kaiser health tracking poll [Internet]
  • 36
    • 84872246837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appleby J. Carrot-and-stick health plans aim to cut costs
    • 2010 Mar 11 [cited 2010 Aug 10]. Available from:
    • Appleby J. Carrot-and-stick health plans aim to cut costs. Kaiser Health News [serial on the Internet]. 2010 Mar 11 [cited 2010 Aug 10]. Available from: http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Stories/2010/March/11/valuebased-health-insurance.aspx
    • Kaiser Health News [serial on the Internet]
  • 38
    • 33846191488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do we get for our money? Costeffectiveness of adding contingency management
    • Sindelar J, Elbel B, Petry NM. What do we get for our money? Costeffectiveness of adding contingency management. Addiction. 2007; 102(2):309-16.
    • (2007) Addiction. , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-316
    • Sindelar, J.1    Elbel, B.2    Petry, N.M.3
  • 39
    • 0039178072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pay enough or don't pay at all
    • Gneezy U, Rustichini A. Pay enough or don't pay at all. Q J Econ. 2000;115(3):791-810.
    • (2000) Q J Econ. , vol.115 , Issue.3 , pp. 791-810
    • Gneezy, U.1    Rustichini, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.