Why conservation is failing and how it can regain ground

Why Conservation is Failing and How it can Regain Ground

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-302

  Freyfogle, Eric T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84902758498     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (163)

1. Samuel P. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920 (New York: Atheneum, 1969).
2. Curt Meine, Correction Lines: Essays on Land, Leopold, and Conservation (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2004), 13-35
3. John T. Cumbler, Reasonable Use: The People, the Environment, and the State, New England, 1790-1930 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001)
4. Richard W. Judd, Common Lands, Common People: The Origins of Conservation in Northern New England (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997)
5. Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1980).
6. Char Miller, ed., American Forests: Nature, Culture, and Politics (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1997).
7. Ben A. Minteer and Robert E. Manning, eds., Reconstructing Conservation: Finding Common Ground (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2003).
8. Richard Brewer, Conservancy: The Land Trust Movement in America (Hanover: Dartmouth University Press, 2003).
9. Michael McGerr, A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870-1920 (New York: Free Press, 2003).
10. Wendell Berry, "Conserving Communities," in Another Turn of the Crank (Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint Press, 1995), 17.
11. Donald Worster, The Wealth of Nature: Environmental History and the Ecological Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993)
12. Donald Worster, Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979).
13. Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There (New York: Oxford University Press, 1949), 7.
14. Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There (New York: Oxford University Press, 1949),224-225
15. Susan L. Flader, Thinking Like a Mountain: Aldo Leopold and the Evolution of and Ecological Attitude toward Deer, Wolves, and Forests (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1974).
16. Leopold, A Sand County Almanac, 8.
17. Aldo Leopold, "The Conservation League" and "Ecology, Philosophy, and Conservation," unpublished, undated manuscripts, Aldo Leopold Papers, series 10-6, box 16, University of Wisconsin Archives, Madison.
18. Aldo Leopold, "Threatened Species," in The River of the Mother of God, 230-231 (originally published 1936).
19. Aldo Leopold, "The Conservation Ethic," in The River of the Mother of God, 181
20. Aldo Leopold, "Land Pathology," in The River of the Mother of God, 212-213 (originally published 1935).
21. J. Baird Callicott and Eric T. Freyfogle, eds., For the Health of the Land: Previously Unpublished Essays and Other Writings, by Aldo Leopold (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1999), 218-226 (originally written 1946).
22. Baird Callicott, Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental Philosophy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999).
23. Aldo Leopold, "Conservation: In Whole or in Part," in The River of the Mother of God, 311(originally written 1944).
24. "Land-Use and Democracy," in The River of the Mother of God, 295(originally published 1942).
25. "Biotic Land-Use," in For the Health of the Land, 198
26. "Biotic Land-Use," in For the Health of the Land, 205
27. A Sand County Almanac, 224-225.
28. A Sand County Almanac, 221.
29. "Land Pathology," 215.
30. Aldo Leopold, "Pioneers and Gullies," in The River of the Mother of God, 106
31. A Sand County Almanac, 225.
32. A Sand County Almanac, 210.
33. Aldo Leopold, "The State of the Profession," in The River of the Mother of God, 276
34. Wendell Berry, "The Wild," in Collected Poems, 1957-1982 (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1985), 19-20.
35. Wendell Berry, The Long-Legged House (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1969), 118.
36. Wendell Berry, Recollected Essays (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1981), 9.
37. Albert Howard, The Soil and Health: A Study of Organic Agriculture (New York: Devin-Adair, 1947), 11
38. Wendell Berry, "Health Is Membership," in Another Turn of the Crank, 86
39. Wendell Berry, "Private Property and the Common Wealth," in Another Turn of the Crank, 46
40. Aldo Leopold, "The Ecological Conscience," in The River of the Mother of God, 340-346.
41. Eric T. Freyfogle, The Land We Share: Private Property and the Common Good (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2003), 157-178.
42. Thomas W. Merrill, "Private Property and the Politics of Environmental Protection," Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 28 (2004): 69-80
43. John Echeverria, "The Politics of Property Rights," Oklahoma Law Review 50 (1997): 351-375.
44. Eric T. Freyfogle, Bounded People, Boundless Lands: Envisioning a New Land Ethic (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1998), 91-113.
45. Samuel Hays, A History of Environmental Politics since 1945 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000), 223-224.
46. Aldo Leopold, "The Conservation Ethic," 187.
47. Richard J. Lazarus, The Making of Environmental Law (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 24-28.
48. John Gray, Liberalism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986).
49. Aldo Leopold, "The Farm Wildlife Program: A Self Scrutiny," unpublished, undated manuscript (circa 1937), Leopold Papers, series 10-6, box 16.
50. Freyfogle, Bounded People, Boundless Lands, 75-90.
51. Lester Brown, Eco Economy: Building an Economy for the Earth (New York: W. W. Norton, 2001)
52. Brian Czech, Shoveling Fuel for a Runaway Train: Errant Economists, Shameful Spenders, and a Plan to Stop Them All (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000)
53. Herman E. Daly and John B. Cobb, For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future, 2nd ed. (Boston: Beacon Press, 1994)
54. Eric A. Davidson, You Can't Eat GNP: Economics as if Ecology Mattered (Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus, 2000).
55. Richard A. Epstein, Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985).
56. J. B. Ruhl, "The Case of the Specluncean Polluters: Six Themes of Environmental Law, Policy, and Ethics," Environmental Law 27 (1997), 343-373
57. Richard J. Lazarus, The Making of Environmental Law (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004).
58. Robert Gottleib, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1993)
59. Richard A. Epstein, Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985)
60. David Ehrenfeld, The Arrogance of Humanism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981).
61. C. A. Bowers, Mindful Conservatism: Rethinking the Ideological and Educational Basis of an Ecologically Sustainable Future (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003).
62. Amy J. Wildermuth, "Eco-Pragmatism and Ecology: What's Leopold Got to Do with It?" Minnesota Law Review 87 (2003): 1145-1171.
63. Richard J. Lazarus, "Environmental Scholarship and the Harvard Difference," Harvard Environmental Law Review 21 (1999): 354-355.
64. Samuel P. Hays, A History of Environmental Politics since 1945 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000), 109-121.
65. René Dubos, The Wooing of Earth: New Perspectives of Man's Use of Nature (London: Athlone Press, 1980).
66. Michael Pollan, Second Nature: A Gardener's Education (New York: Dell, 1992)
67. Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
68. Paul S. Sutter, Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002).
69. John Cairns, Jr., "The Zen of Sustainable Use of the Planet: Steps on the Path to Enlightenment," Population and Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 20 (1998): 109-123
70. J. Baird Callicott and Karen Mumford, "Ecological Sustainability as a Conservation Concept," Conservation Biology 11 (1997): 32-40
71. Robert T. Lackey, "Seven Pillars of Ecosystem Management," Landscape and Urban Planning 40 (1998): 21-30
72. Bryan G. Norton, "Sustainability, Human Welfare, and Ecosystem Health," in Searching for Sustainability: Interdisciplinary Essays in the Philosophy of Conservation Biology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 168-182
73. Thomas M. Parris, "Toward a Sustainability Transition," Environment 45 (2003): 12-22
74. David Ehrenfeld, "Sustainability: Living with the Imperfections," Conservation Biology 19 (2005): 34-35
75. Worster, "The Shaky Ground of Sustainable Development," 143-145.
76. Samuel P. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920 (New York: Atheneum, 1969).
77. Wes Jackson, "Toward a Sustainable Agriculture," Not Man Apart (November-December 1978): 4-6.
78. Steven Stoll, Larding the Lean Earth: Soil and Society in Nineteenth-Century America (New York: Hill and Wang, 2002).
79. Wendell Berry, The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1977).
80. Worster, "The Shaky Ground of Sustainable Development," 143.
81. Wes Jackson, New Roots for Agriculture, rev. ed. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 11-60.
82. Gregory McIsaac, "Sustainability and Sustainable Agriculture," in Gregory McIsaac and William R. Edwards, eds., Sustainable Agriculture in the American Midwest: Lessons from the Past, Prospects for the Future (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 27-28.
83. Richard P. Gale and Sheila M. Cordray, "Making Sense of Sustainability: Nine Answers to 'What Should Be Sustained?'" Rural Sociology 59 (1994): 311-332.
84. Bryan G. Norton, "Intergenerational Equity and Sustainability," in Searching for Sustainability: Interdisciplinary Essays in the Philosophy of Conservation Biology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 420-455.
85. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency, 199-218.
86. John F. Reiger, American Sportsmen and the Origins of Conservation, 3rd ed. (Corvallis: Oregon State University, 2000)
87. James B. Trefethen, An American Crusade for Wildlife (New York: Winchester Press, 1975)
88. Gregory J. Dehler, "An American Crusader: William Temple Hornaday and Wildlife Protection in America, 1840-1940" (Ph.D. diss., Lehigh University, 2001).
89. P. A. Larkin, "An Epitaph for the Concept of Maximum Sustained Yield," Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 106 (1977): 1-3.
90. Susan L. Flader, Thinking Like a Mountain: Aldo Leopold and the Evolution of an Ecological Attitude toward Deer, Wolves, and Forests (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1974), 122-167.
91. David Ehrenfeld, The Arrogance of Humanism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981), 112.
92. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency, 91-121.
93. Julianne Lutz Newton, "The Commonweal of Life: Aldo Leopold and Land Health" (Ph.D. diss., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004; forthcoming from Island Press in 2006), 183-199
94. Thomas Dunlap, Saving America's Wildlife: Ecology and the American Mind, 1850-1990 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991).
95. Robert Croker, Pioneer Ecologist: The Life and Work of Victor Ernest Shelford, 1877-1968 (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press, 1991), 120-144.
96. Paul. S. Sutter, Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002).
97. Larry Anderson, Benton MacKaye: Conservationist, Planner, and Creator of the Appalachian Trail (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002), 371-379.
98. Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1962), 160.
99. Newton, "The Commonweal of Life," 120-165
100. Donald Worster, Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979), 182-209.
101. Stoll, Larding the Lean Earth, 31-41
102. Worster Dust Bowl, 210-226.
103. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York: Guilford Press, 1995), 56-83.
104. William Vogt, Road to Survival (New York: William Sloane, 1948).
105. Donald Worster, Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 340-443.
106. Gretchen C. Daily and Katherine Ellison, The New Economy of Nature (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2002)
107. Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution (Boston: Back Bay Books, 2000).
108. Peter S. Wenz, Environmental Ethics Today (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).
109. Worster, "The Shaky Ground of Sustainable Development," 153-155.
110. Hays Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency, 9-15.
111. Lewis C. Gray, "The Problem of Agricultural Settlement and Resettlement in the United States," Southwestern Political Science Quarterly 2 (1921): 125-151.
112. Sutter Driven Wild, 54-99.
113. David Mobert, "The Wal-Mart Effect," In These Times, July 5, 2004.
114. Jeremy Rifkin, Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1992).
115. Terence J. Centner, Empty Pastures: Confined Animals and the Transformation of the Rural Landscape (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004).
116. Eric T. Freyfogle and Julianne Lutz Newton, "Putting Science in Its Place," Conservation Biology 16 (2002): 863-873
117. Dade W. Moeller, Environmental Health, 3rd ed. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004).
118. Herman E. Daly and Joshua Farley, Ecological Economics: Principles and Applications (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2004), 157-219.
119. Wendell Berry "Nature as Measure" in What Are People For? (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1990), 204-210.
120. Carolyn Raffensperger and Joel Tickner, eds., Protecting Public Health and the Environment: Implementing the Precautionary Principle (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1999).
121. William P. Rodgers, Environmental Law, 2nd ed. (St. Paul: West, 1994), 800-970.
122. Dale D. Goble and Eric T. Freyfogle, Wildlife Law: Cases and Materials (New York: Foundation Press, 2002), 1220-1251.
123. James T. O'Reilly, Food and Drug Administration, 2nd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995 and 2004 supplement), 11-32
124. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1962).
125. Thomas Dunlap, DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983).
126. David Pimentel, Laura Westra, and Reed F. Noss, eds., Ecological Integrity: Integrating Environment, Conservation, and Health (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2000)
127. Paul L. Angermeier and James R. Karr, "Biological Integrity versus Biological Diversity as Policy Directives," BioScience 44 (1994): 690-697
128. Paul L. Angermeier, "The Natural Imperative for Biological Conservation," Conservation Biology 14 (2000): 373-381
129. J. Baird Callicott, Larry B. Crowder, and Karen Mumford, "Current Normative Concepts in Conservation," Conservation Biology 13 (1999): 22-35.
130. Samuel P. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920 (New York: Atheneum, 1969), 2-4.
131. Jordan, The Sunflower Forest, 195-204.
132. Samuel P. Hays, A History of Environmental Politics since 1945 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000), 227
133. Richard Andrews, Managing the Environment, Managing Ourselves (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), 370
134. Robert Costanza, Bryan G. Norton, and Benjamin D. Haskell, Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1992).
135. Donald Worster, "The Ecology of Order and Chaos," in The Wealth of Nature: Environmental History and the Ecological Imagination (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), 162-170
136. J. Baird Callicott, "Aldo Leopold's Concept of Ecosystem Health," in Beyond the Land Ethic: More Essays in Environmental Philosophy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), 333-345.
137. David Pimentel, Laura Westra, and Reed F. Noss, eds., Ecological Integrity: Integrating Environment, Conservation, and Health (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2000)
138. Paul L. Angermeier and James R. Karr, "Biological Integrity versus Biological Diversity as Policy Directives," BioScience 44 (1994): 690-697
139. J. Baird Callicott, Larry B. Crowder, and Karen Mumford, "Current Normative Concepts in Conservation," Conservation Biology 13 (1999): 22-35.
140. Herman E. Daly and Joshua Farley, Ecological Economics: Principles and Applications (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2004), 198-200.
141. Joseph Sax, "Why America Has a Property Rights Movement," University of Illinois Law Review (2005): 513-520.
142. Freyfogle, The Land We Share, 230-238.
143. Freyfogle, The Land We Share, 167-178
144. William E. Odum, "Environmental Degradation and the Tyranny of Small Decisions," BioScience 32 (1982): 728-729
145. Alfred E. Kahn, "The Tyranny of Small Decisions: Market Failures, Imperfections, and the Limits of Economics," Kyklos 19 (1966): 23-47.
146. Richard Haeuber, "Setting the Environmental Policy Agenda: The Case of Ecosystem Management," Natural Resources Journal 36 (1996): 1-27
147. R. Edward Grumbine, "What Is Ecosystem Management?" Conservation Biology 8 (1994): 27-36.
148. David Western and R. Michael Wright, Natural Connections: Perspectives in Community-Based Conservation (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1994)
149. Eve Endicott, ed., Land Conservation through Public/Private Partnerships (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1993)
150. DeWitt John, Civic Environmentalism: Alternatives to Regulation in States and Communities (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1994).
151. David W. Orr, The Last Refuge: Patriotism, Politics, and the Environment in an Age of Terror (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2004), 61-62.
152. Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality, 3rd ed. (Boulder: Westview Press, 2000).
153. Gregg Easterbrook, A Moment on the Earth: The Coming Age of Environmental Optimism (New York: Viking, 1985), 317-333.
154. Thomas W. Merrill, "Private Property and the Politics of Environmental Protection," Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 28 (2004): 69-80
155. Ted Steinberg, Down to Earth: Nature's Role in American History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)
156. John Opie, Nature's Nation: An Environmental History of the United States (Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 1998).
157. Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987)
158. Robert Gottleib, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1993).
159. John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1989).
160. Andrew Delbanco, The Real American Dream: A Meditation on Hope (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).
161. Andrew Delbanco, The Real American Dream: A Meditation on Hope (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).70-80
162. Andrew Delbanco, The Real American Dream: A Meditation on Hope (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).107
163. Andrew Delbanco, The Real American Dream: A Meditation on Hope (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).111-118