A comparison of governance challenges in forest restoration in Paraguay's privately-owned forests and Madagascar's co-managed state forests

Forests

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 763-783

  Mansourian, Stephanie ^a   Aquino, Lucy ^b   Erdmann, Thomas K ^c   Pereira, Francisco ^b  

^a Mansourian Environmental Consultancy ^*  (Switzerland)

^b WWF Paraguay   (Paraguay)

^c Environment Climate Change and Urban Services DAI Solutions   (United States)

Author keywords

Atlantic Forest; Forest restoration; Governance; Madagascar; Paraguay

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; RESTORATION;

ATLANTIC FOREST; FOREST RESTORATION; GOVERNANCE; MADAGASCAR; PARAGUAY;

FORESTRY;

COMANAGEMENT; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; INCENTIVE; LANDOWNER; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SHRUBLAND;

CONSERVATION; FOREIGN TRADE; FORESTRY; RESTORATION;

ATLANTIC FOREST; MADAGASCAR; PARAGUAY;

EID: 84902662589     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19994907     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/f5040763     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Lamb, D.; Erskine, P.D.; Parrotta, J.A. Restoration of degraded tropical forest landscapes. Science 2005, 310, 1628-1632.
2. Kapos, V.; Kurz, W.A.; Gardner T.; Ferreira, J.; Guariguata, M.; Pin Koh, L.; Mansourian, S.; Parrotta, J.A.; Sasaki, N.; Schmitt, C.B. Impacts of Forest and Land Management on Biodiversity and Carbon. In Understanding Relationships between Biodiversity, Carbon, Forests and People: The Key to Achieving REDD+ Objectives. A global Assessment Report; Parrotta, J., Wildburger, C., Mansourian, S., Eds.; IUFRO: Vienna, Austria, 2012; pp. 53-80.
3. Society for Ecological Restoration International Science & Policy Working Group. The SER International Primer on Ecological Restoration. Available online: www.ser.org (accessed on 16 January 2014).
4. Bullock, J.M.; Aronson, J.; Newton, A.C.; Pywell, R.F.; Rey-Benayas, J.M. Restoration of ecosystem services and biodiversity: Conflicts and opportunities. Trends Ecol. Evolut. 2011, 26, 541-549.
5. Agrawal, A. Forests, governance, and sustainability: Common property theory and its contributions. Int. J. Commons 2007, 1, 111-136.
6. Dudley, N. Restoring Quality in Existing Native Forest Landscapes. In Forest Restoration in Landscapes: Beyond Planting Trees; Mansourian, S., Vallauri, D., Dudley, N., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2005.
7. Strassburg, B.N.; Vira, B.; Mahanty, S.; Mansourian, S.; Martin, A.; Dawson, N.M.; Gross-Camp, N.; Latawiec, A.; Swainson, L. Social and Economic Considerations Relevant to REDD+. In Understanding Relationships between Biodiversity, Carbon, Forests and People: The Key to Achieving REDD+ Objectives, a Global Assessment Report; Parrotta, J., Wildburger, C., Mansourian, S., Eds.; IUFRO: Vienna, Austria, 2012.
8. Lemos, M.C.; Agrawal, A. Environmental Governance. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2006, 31, 297-325.
9. Görg, C. Landscape governance the "politics of scale" and the "natural" conditions of places. Geoforum 2007, 38, 954-966.
10. United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Guidelines for Assessing the Strengths and Weaknesses of Natural Resource Governance in Landscapes and Seascapes; United States Agency for International Development: Washington, DC, USA, 2013. Available online: http://www.frameweb.org/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=10650 (accessed on 16 January 2014).
11. Borrini-Feyerabend, G.; Dudley, N.; Jaeger, T.; Lassen, B.; Pathak Broome, N.; Phillips, A.; Sandwith, T. Governance of Protected Areas: From Understanding to Action. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 20; International Union for Conservation of Nature: Gland, Switzerland, 2013; p. 124.
12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Forest Resources Assessment; FAO: Rome, Italy, 2010.
13. Sunderlin, W.D.; Hatcher, J.; Liddle, M. From Exclusion to Ownership? Challenges and Opportunities in Advancing Forest Tenure Reform; Rights and Resources Initiative: Washington, DC, USA, 2008.
14. White, A.; Martin, A. Who Owns the World's Forests; Forest Trends and Center for International Environmental Law: Washington, DC, USA, 2002.
15. Agrawal, A.; Chhatre, A.; Hardin, R. Changing governance of the world's forests. Science 2008, 320, 1460-1462.
16. Kishor, N.; Rosenbaum, K. Assessing and Monitoring Forest Governance: A User's Guide to a Diagnostic Tool; Program on Forests (PROFOR): Washington, DC, USA, 2012. Available online: http://www.profor.info/node/1998 (accessed on 16 January 2014).
17. Davis, C.; Williams, L.; Lupberger, S.; Daviet, F. Assessing Forest Governance; World Resources Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 2013. (Available online at http://www.wri.org/publication/assessing-forest-governance (accessed on 16 January 2014).
18. Mansourian, S.; Oviedo, G. Framework on Governance of Protected Areas and Livelihoods; International Union for Conservation of Nature: Gland, Switzerland, 2009; p. 25.
19. Pahl-Wostl, C. A conceptual framework for analysing adaptive capacity and multi-level learning processes in resource governance regimes. Glob. Environ. Chang. 2009, 19, 354-365.
20. Myers, N.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Mittermeier, C.G.; da Fonseca, G.A.B; Kent, J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 2000, 403, 853-858.
21. Olson, D.M.; Dinerstein, E. The Global 200: A representation approach to conserving the earth's most biologically valuable ecoregions. Conserv. Biol. 1998, 12, 502-515.
22. Evolution de la Couverture de Forêts Naturelles à Madagascar 2005-2010; Office National pour l'Environnement, Direction Générale des Forêts, Foiben-Taosarintanin'i Madagasikara, Madagascar National Parks, Conservation International: Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2013; p. 48.
23. United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report; UNDP: New York, NY, USA, 2013.
24. Cartes, L.C. Breve historia de la conservación en el Bosque Atlántico. In El Bosque Atlantico en Paraguay: Biodiversidad, Amenazas y Perspectivas; Asociación Guyra Paraguay, Conservation International: Asuncion, Paraguay, 2005; pp. 37-54.
25. Aide, T.M.; Clark, M.L.; Grau, H.R; Lopez-Carr, D.; Levy, M.A.; Redo, D.; Bonilla-Moheno, M.; Riner, G.; Andrade-Nuñez, M.J.; Muñiz, M. Deforestation and Reforestation of Latin America and the Caribbean (2001-2010). BIOTROPICA 2013, 45, 262-271.
26. Hansen, M.C.; Potapov, P.V.; Moore, R.; Hancher, M.; Turubanova, S.A.; Tyukavina, A.; Thau, D.; Stehman, S.V.; Goetz, S.J.; Loveland, T.R.; et al. High-resolution global maps of 21st century forest cover change. Science 2013, 342, 850-853.
27. Roelens, J.B.; Vallauri, D.; Razafimahatratra, A.; Rambeloarisoa, G.; Razafy, F.L. Restauration des paysages forestiers: Cinq ans de réalisation à Fandriana-Marolambo; WWF France: Paris, France, 2010; p. 90.
28. Grinand, C.; Rakotomalala, F.; Gonde, V.; Vaudryc, R.; Bernoux, M.; Vieilledent, G. Estimating deforestation in tropical humid and dry forests in Madagascar from 2000 to 2010 using multi-date Landsat satellite images and the random forests classifier. Remote Sens. Environ. 2013, 139, 68-80.
29. Fogel, R.B. La actual distribución de tierras en el Paraguay y el conflicto agrario; Documento Estudio N 4; BaseInvestigaciones Sociales: Asunción, Paraguay, 1989.
30. Ribeiro, M.C.; Metzger, J.P.; Martensen, A.C.; Ponzoni, F.J.; Hirota, M.M. The Brazilian Atlantic forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biol. Conserv. 2009, 142, 1141-1153.
31. Di Bitetti, M.S.; Placci, G.; Dietz, L.A. A Biodiversity Vision for the Upper Parana Atlantic Forest Ecoregion: Designing a Biodiversity Conservation Landscape Priorities for Conservation Action; World Wildlife Fund: Washington, DC, USA, 2003; p. 104.
32. Paraguay Perfil Poblacional 2012. Available online: http://www.indexmundi.com/es/paraguay/poblacion_perfil.html (accessed on 16 January 2014).
33. Macedo, A.M.; Cartes, J.L. Aspectos Economicos del BAAPA. In El Bosque Atlántico en Paraguay: Biodiversidad, Amenazas y Perspectivas; Cartes, J.L., Ed.; Asociación Guyra Paraguay, Conservation International: Washington, DC, USA, 2005, pp. 107-126.
34. Guereña, A. El Espejismo de la Soja: Los límites de la responsabilidad social empresarial; Oxfam: Oxford, UK, 2013; p. 55.
35. White, F. The Vegetation of Africa, a Descriptive Memoir to Accompany UNESCO/AETFAT Vegetation Map of Africa; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Paris, France, 1983.
36. Goodman, S.M.; Benstead, J.P. The Natural History of Madagascar; Chicago University Press: Chicago, IL, USA, 2003.
37. Jarosz L. Defining and explaining tropical deforestation: Shifting cultivation and population growth in colonial Madagascar (1896-1940). Econ. Geogr. 1993, 69, 366-379.
38. Ferguson, B. REDD comes into fashion in Madagascar. Madagascar Conserv. 2009, 4, 132-137.
39. Bertrand, A. The Spread of the Merina People in Madagascar and Natural Forest and Eucalyptus Stand Dynamics. In Beyond Tropical Deforestation; Babin, D., Ed.; UNESCO/CIRAD: Paris, France, 2004.
40. Kull, C.A.; Ibrahim, C.K.; Meredith, T. Can Privatization Conserve the Global Biodiversity Commons? Tropical Reforestation Through Globalization. Presented at International Association for the Study of Common Property, Bali, 19-23 June 2006.
41. Davis, C.; Daviet, F.; Nakhooda, S.; Thuault, A. A Review of 25 Readiness Plan Idea Notes from the World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, WRI Working Paper; World Resources Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 2009. Available online: http://www.wri.org/gfi (accessed on 16 January 2014).
42. Wendland, K.J.; Honzák, M.; Portela, R.; Vitale, B.; Rubinoff, S.; Randrianarisoa, J. Targeting and implementing payments for ecosystem services: Opportunities for bundling biodiversity conservation with carbon and water services in Madagascar. Ecol. Econ. 2010, 69, 2093-2107.
43. Ferguson, B. Madagascar. In REDD, Forest Governance and Rural Livelihoods: The Emerging Agenda; Springate-Baginski, O., Wollenberg, E., Eds.; CIFOR: Bogor, Indonesia, 2010.
44. Hockley, N.J.; Andriamarovololona, M.A., The economics of community forest management in Madagascar: Is there a free lunch? An analysis of Transfert de Gestion. USAID: Washington, DC, USA, 2007.
45. Babin, D.; Bertrand, A. Comment Gérer le Pluralisme: Subsidiarité et Médiation Patrimoniale. Unasylva 1998. Available online: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/W8827F/w8827f05.htm# comment gérer le pluralisme: subsidiarité et médiation part (accessed on 16 January 2014).
46. Anon, Ministère de l'Environnement et des Forêts, Antsiranana, Madagascar. Recommandations et Rapport d'Atelier, Journées Informatives et Prospectives sur les Transferts de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles. 2011, Unpublished work.
47. Randrianarisoa, A.; Raharinaivosoa, E.; Koll, H.E. In proceedings of Des Effets De La Gestion Forestière par les Communautés Locales De Base A Madagascar: Cas d' Arivonimamo et de Merikanjaka sur les Hautes Terres de Madagascar; Workshop on Forest Governance & Decentralization in Africa: Durban, South Africa, 8-11 April 2008.
48. Innes, J.L. Madagascar rosewood, illegal logging and the tropical timber trade. Madagascar Conserv. Dev. 2010, 5, 6-10.
49. Yanosky, A.; Cabrera, E. La capacidad Nacional de conservación del Bosque Atlántico. In Biodiversidad, Amenazas y Perspectivas; Cartes, J.L., Ed.; Asociación Guyra Paraguay, Conservation International: Asunción, Paraguay, 2005; pp. 137-172.
50. Contreras-Hermosilla, A. People, governance and forests-The stumbling blocks in forest governance reform in Latin America. Forests 2011, 2, 168-199.
51. McGinley, K.; Alvarado, R.; Cubbage, F.; Diaz, D.; Donoso, P.J.; Gonçalves Jacovine, L.A.; de Silva, F.L.; MacIntyre, C.; Monges Zalazar, E. Regulating the sustainability of forest management in the Americas: Cross-country comparisons of forest legislation. Forests 2012, 3, 467-505.
52. Vidal, V. Estudio sobre Mecanismos Financieros para el Manejo Forestal Sustentable en Sudamerica. Fase I. Cono Sur. FAO, 2004. Available online: http://www.rlc.fao.org/proyecto/rla133ec/pag/i_paises.htm (accessed on 16 January 2014).
53. Chemonics International. Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Paraguay: Final Report of a Section 118/119 Assessment EPIQ II Task Order No.1; United States Agency for International Development: Asunción, Paraguay, 2004; p. 61.
54. Abed, S.R.; Santagada, E. Régimen Jurídico Forestal de la República del Paraguay. Análisis crítico: Compilación normativa; Instituto de Derecho y Economía Ambiental, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Instituto Nacional Forestal: Asunción, Paraguay, 2011; p. 155.
55. WWF-Paraguay. Ending Deforestation: Lessons Learnt from WWF's Experience; WWF-Paraguay: Asuncion, Paraguay, 2007; p. 28.
56. Kanowski, P.J.; McDermott, C.L.; Cashore, B.W. Implementing REDD+: Lessons from analysis of forest governance. Environ. Sci. Policy 2011, 14, 11-117.
57. Jacoby, H.G.; Minten, B. Is land titling in sub-Saharan Africa cost-effective? Evidence from Madagascar. World Bank Econ. Rev. 2007, 21, 461-485.
58. Huang, C.; Kim, S.; Song, K.; Townshend, J.R.G.; Davis, P.; Altstatt, A.; Rodas, O.; Yanosky, A.; Clay, R.; Tucker, C.J.; Musinsky, J. Assessment of Paraguay's forest cover change using Landsat observations. Glob. Planet. Chang. 2009, 67, 1-12.
59. Wright, S.J.; Sanchez-Azofeifa, G.A.; Portillo-Quintero, C.; Davies, D. Poverty and corruption compromise tropical forest reserves. Ecol. Appl. 2007, 17, 1259-1266.
60. Jindal, R.; Swallow, B.; Kerr, J. Forestry-based carbon sequestration projects in Africa: Potential benefits and challenges. Nat. Resour. Forum 2008, 32, 116-130.
61. Pacheco, P.; Aguilar-Støen, M.; Börner, J.; Etter, A.; Putzel, L.; del Carmen Vera Diaz, M. Landscape transformation in tropical Latin America: Assessing trends and policy implications for REDD+. Forests 2011, 2, 1-29.
62. Borsy, P.; Sosa, E.V.; Molinas, W.; Cuellar, C.L.; Enciso, P. Manejemos Nuestro Bosque: Manual de Manejo de Bosque Nativo en Pequeñas Fincas, Proyecto Manejo Sostenible de Recursos Naturales; MAG/KfW/GTZ: Asunción, Paraguay, 2010; p. 46.
63. Hagen, R. Evaluation des Projets Pilotes d'Aménagement des Forêts Naturelles A Madagascar; United States Agency for International Development: Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2001.
64. Kothari, A.; Camill, P.; Brown, J. Conservation as if people mattered: Policy and practice of community-based conservation. Conserv. Soc. 2013, 11, 1-15.
65. Bidaud, C. REDD+, Un Mécanisme Novateur? Le cas de la forêt de Makira à Madagascar. Rev. Tiers Monde 2012, 211, 111-130.
66. McConnell, W.J.; Sweeney, S.P. Challenges of forest governance in Madagascar. Geogr. J. 2005, 171, 223-238.
67. Casse, T. The international debate on forest management transfer and our contribution. Les Cah. d'Outre-Mer 2012, 257, 11-46.