The hudson: A history

The Hudson: A History

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-340

  Lewis, Tom ^a  

^a SKIDMORE COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84902611234     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (356)

1. New York Times, January 16, 1918, 17
2. Benson J. Lossing's The Hudson: From the Wilderness to the Sea (Hensonville, New York, 2000), 215.
3. The Pioneers (New York, 1964), 279.
4. The Hudson River: A Natural and Unnatural History (New York, 1969)
5. Arthur G. Adams's, The Hudson River Guidebook (New York, 1996)
6. Paul Wilstach, Hudson River Landings (New York, 1933), 17-18
7. Boyle, The Hudson, 15-25
8. Bradford T. Van Driver's Roadside Geology of New York (Missoula, Montana, 1985)
9. Stephen P. Stanne, Roger G. Panetta, and Brian E. Forist, The Hudson: An Illustrated Guide to the Living River (New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1996)
10. C. Lavett Smith, The Inland Fishes of New York State (Albany, 1985), 11-16.
11. Smith, Inland Fishes of New York, 69-71
12. Adriaen van der Donck, A Description of the New Nether lands, ed. Thomas F. O'Donnell (Syracuse, New York, 1968), 11.
13. "New Museum Unearths Old New York's Heritage," New York Times, October 1, 1982, C13.
14. Peter Kalm, Peter Kalm's Travels in North America (New York, 1966), 326.
15. Alec Wilkinson, "The Riverkeeper," New Yorker, May 11, 1987, 50.
16. Constitution Island (West Point, New York, 1936)
17. Tom Lake, ed., Hudson River Almanac (Fleisch manns, New York, 1996).
18. "We estimate that eighty thousand": Van der Donck, A Description of the New Netherlands, 97-98.
19. "The whole country is covered": Van der Donck, A Description of the New Netherlands, 19-20.
20. "When the woods are burning": Van der Donck, A Description of the New Netherlands, 21.
21. "In all North America": Kalm, Peter Kalm's Travels in North America, 334-35.
22. H. W. Rickett, ed., Botanic Manuscript of Jane Colden, 1724 - 1766 (New York, 1963)
23. Mary Harrison, "Jane Colden: Colonial American Botanist," Arnoldia 55, no. 2, 19-26
24. Virginia S. Eifert, Tall Trees and Far Horizons: Adventure and Discoveries of Early Botanists in America (New York, 1965), 49-62
25. Sara Stidstone Gronim, "The Androgynous Daughter: Jane Colden and Her Flora of New York"
26. Asa Gray, "Selections from the Scientific Correspon dence of Cadwallader Colden with Grovinius, Linnaeus, Collison, and other naturalists," American Journal of Science and Arts 44 (1842-43), 109.
27. C. Linnaeus, "Plantae Coldeng hamiae in Provincia Noveboracensi Americes sponte crescentes, quas ad methodum Cl. Linnaei sexualem, anno 1742, & c. observavit & de scripsit," Acta societatis regiae scientiarum Upsaliensis 4 (1743), 81-136
28. "A Papilionatious Flower": Rickett, ed., Botanic Manuscript of Jane Colden, 53.
29. Rickett, ed., Botanic Manuscript of Jane Colden, 30, 80-184.
30. M. McAllister, Amos Eaton, Scientist and Inventor (Philadelphia, 1941)
31. John Grasso Rodgers, Boston to Buffalo, in the Footsteps of Amos Eaton and Edward Hitch cock (Field Trip Guidebook T169 of the 28th International Geological Congress, 1989)
32. Thomas Phelan and D. Michael Ross, "Amos Eaton and the Magnificent Experiment," Rensselaer Magazine, December 1998
33. "Fortune seemed to smile": McAllister, Amos Eaton, 137.
34. "To make practical Botanists": McAllister, Amos Eaton, 212.
35. "Frighten [Eaton] to New Orleans": McAllister, Amos Eaton, 118.
36. "I have learned to act": McAllister, Amos Eaton, 191.
37. "I tell you I am": McAllister, Amos Eaton, 284.
38. "Geological facts": McAllister, Amos Eaton, 298.
39. McAllister, Amos Eaton, 428-29.
40. Kenneth G. Johnson, "Hudson River Landscape Paintings: A Serendipitous Opportunity to Introduce Students to the Creative Process in the Arts and the Natural Sciences," Northeastern Geology 17, no. 3 (1995), 295-305.
41. Adirondack Explorations: Nature Writings of Verplanck Colvin, ed. Paul Schaefer (Syracuse, New York, 1997), 4-6.
42. Report on the Topographical Survey of the Adirondack Wilderness of New York for the Year 1873 (Albany, 1874)
43. N. M. Webb, Footsteps Through the Adirondacks: The Verplanck Colvin Story (Utica, New York, 1996)
44. Norman J. Van Valkenburgh, ed., On the Adirondack Survey with Verplanck Colvin: The Diaries of Percy Reese Morgan (Fleischmanns, New York, 1991).
45. The Hudson: From the Wilderness to the Sea (Hensonville, New York, 2000), 14-15.
46. Colvin, Adirondack Explorations, 117-55.
47. "The Trees Almost Gone; Results of a Winter's Work in the Adirondacks," New York Times, March 13, 1890, 9.
48. Colvin, Report on the Topographical Survey of the Adirondack Wilderness, 116-18.
49. "Verplanck Colvin's OÇce: The Senate Passes Bill to Abolish the Land Survey Department," New York Times, April 5, 1900, 1
50. "Says State Has Not Been Fair: Superintendent Colvin Files a Claim for $375,241 for Services," New York Times, November 9, 1901, 2.
51. "Railroad Rivalry in the Adirondacks," New York Times, September 14, 1902, 3.
52. Roland Van Zandt's Chronicles of the Hudson (Hensonville, New York, 1992)
53. Henri Van der Zee and Barbara Van der Zee, A Sweet and Alien Land: The Story of the Dutch in New York (New York, 1978), 2-5
54. Llewellyn Powys, Henry Hudson (New York, 1928)
55. J. Franklin Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland (New York, 1909), 6-9.
56. Collections, 2nd ser., vol. 1 (1841): 71-74.
57. "A very agreeable place": Lawrence C. Wroth, The Voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano, 1524 - 1528 (New Haven, 1970), 138.
58. Samuel Eliot Morison, The European Discovery of America (New York, 1971), 297-98.
59. Michael L. Oberg, "Between 'Savage Man' and 'Most Faith ful Englishman': Manteo and the Early Anglo-Indian Exchange, 1584 - 1590," Itinerario, European Journal of Overseas History 24, no. 2 (2000).
60. Adriaen van der Donck, A Description of the New Netherlands, ed. Thomas F. O'Donnell (Syracuse, New York, 1968), 71-73.
61. Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York (Albany, 1856), 1:11-13.
62. Morison, The European Discovery of America, 315.
63. Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland, 114.
64. Oliver A. Rink, Holland on the Hudson (Ithaca, New York, 1986), 33
65. Simon Hart, The Prehistory of the New Netherland Company (Amsterdam, 1959)
66. John Romeyn Brodhead, History of the State of New York (New York, 1853), 1:48.
67. Holland, Jerry E. Patterson, The City of New York: A History Illustrated from the Collections of the Museum of the City of New York (New York, 1978), 13-14.
68. Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland, 47.
69. Anne-Marie Cantwell and Diana diZerega Wall, Unearthing Gotham: The Archaeology of New York City (New Haven, 2001), 150-53
70. Paul Wilstach, Hudson River Landings (New York, 1933)
71. Henri Van der Zee and Barbara Van der Zee, A Sweet and Alien Land: The Story of the Dutch in New York (New York, 1978)
72. Van der Zee and Van der Zee, A Sweet and Alien Land, 11-18.
73. Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York (Albany, 1856), 1:368.
74. Van der Zee and Van der Zee, A Sweet and Alien Land, 2.
75. F. C. Wieder, De Stichting van New York in 1625 (The Hague, 1925), 35.
76. Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan, History of New Netherland; or New York Under the Dutch (New York, 1846), 1:104.
77. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:37-38.
78. J. Franklin Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland (New York, 1909), 83.
79. Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland, 122-33
80. Van der Zee and Van der Zee, A Sweet and Alien Land, 16-18.
81. A. J. F. Van Laer, trans. and ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts (Albany, 1908) 49.
82. Oliver A. Rink, Holland on the Hudson (Ithaca, New York, 1986), 105.
83. Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 251.
84. Nancy Anne McClure Zeller, ed., A Beautiful and Fruitful Place: Selected Rensselaerswijck Seminar Papers (Albany, 1991).
85. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 14:1-2.
86. Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 557.
87. Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 580-603.
88. Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 235-50.
89. Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 268.
90. S. G. Niessenson, The Patroon's Domain (New York, 1937), 81-91.
91. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:71-81.
92. "Such a shameful pot": Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 266-88.
93. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 14:3-5.
94. Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 352.
95. Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 805-46.
96. Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 513
97. "Sturgeon, dunns, bass": Adriaen van der Donck, A Description of New Netherlands, ed. Thomas F. O'Donnell (Syracuse, New York, 1968), 10-11
98. "Such disorder and impertinence": Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 572.
99. "Investigate who the man is": Van Laer, ed., Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, 636.
100. Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (New York, 1999), 31-33.
101. Diedrich Knickerbocker's History of New York (New York, 1940), 166.
102. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:183-84
103. Van der Zee and Van der Zee, A Sweet and Alien Land, 77-78.
104. "Five and twenty morgens": O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 14:14-15.
105. Allen W. Trelease, Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca, New York, 1960), 61
106. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:119-20.
107. "About midnight, I heard": Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland, 227-28.
108. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 4:103-4.
109. "Mine eyes did see": Trelease, Indian Affairs in Colonial New York, 74
110. "Is it right and proper": O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:414-15.
111. "As regards the 12": O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:202-3.
112. Trelease, Indian Affairs in Colonial New York, 66-70
113. "We, wretched people": O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:209-13
114. Van der Zee and Van der Zee, A Sweet and Alien Land, 133-34.
115. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:234.
116. "Friends, I have done wrong": Van der Zee and Van der Zee, A Sweet and Alien Land, 166-67.
117. Henry H. Kessler and Eugene Rachlis, Peter Stuyvesant and His New York (New York, 1959).
118. Kessler and Rachlis, Peter Stuyvesant and His New York, 7.
119. "Rubbish, filth, ashes": I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island (New York, 1916), 1:61-62.
120. Milton M. Klein, ed., The Empire State: A History of New York (Ithaca, New York, 2001), 47.
121. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 14:369-70.
122. John Romeyn Brodhead, History of the State of New York (New York, 1853), 1:636
123. Edward T. Corwin, comp. and ed., Ecclesiastical Records of New York (Albany, 1915), 1:399-400.
124. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 14:418-526.
125. Jonathan D. Sarna, American Judaism (New Haven, 2004), 1-3.
126. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:294.
127. "Evil consequences": O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:298-302.
128. "The country has arrived": O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 1:263.
129. Van der Zee and Van der Zee, A Sweet and Alien Land, 271-79.
130. "It would be best": O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 13:84-86.
131. "If it has to be": A. J. F. Van Laer, trans. and ed., Correspondence of Jeremias van Rensselaer (Albany, 1932), 465.
132. Milton M. Klein, ed., The Empire State: A History of New York (Ithaca, New York, 2001), 119.
133. An American Aristocracy: The Livingstons (New York, 1986)
134. Lawrence H. Leder's Robert Livingston, 1654 -1728, and the Politics of New York (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1961).
135. "Not much to write": A. J. F. Van Laer, trans. and ed., Correspondence of Jeremias van Rensselaer (Albany, 1932), 301.
136. "I cannot bear": A. J. F. Van Laer, trans. and ed., Correspondence of Maria van Rensselaer (Albany, 1932), 57.
137. "Three hundred guilders in Zewant": Brandt, An American Aristocracy, 24.
138. "This man by false insinuations": Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York (Albany, 1856), 4:251.
139. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 4:762.
140. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 4:791.
141. Irving Mark, Agrarian Conflicts in Colonial New York (New York, 1940), 23.
142. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 5:22.
143. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 5:171.
144. Linda Briggs Biemer, Women and Property in Colonial New York: The Transition from Dutch to English Law, 1643-1727 (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1983), 69.
145. Carol Berkin, First Generations: Women in Colonial America (New York, 1996)
146. Jacob Judd, "Frederick Philipse and the Madagascar Trade," New York Historical Society Quarterly 55, no. 4 (October 1971), 354-74
147. Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (New York, 1999), 77-82.
148. Milton M. Klein, ed., The Empire State: A History of New York (Ithaca, New York, 2001), 156
149. Alice P. Kenney, Stubborn for Liberty: The Dutch in New York (Syracuse, New York, 1975), 99-102.
150. Anne Grant, Memoirs of an American Lady, with Sketches of Manners and Scenes in America as They Existed Previous to the Revolution, by Anne Grant, with Unpublished Letters and a Memoir of Mrs. Grant by James Grant Wilson (New York, 1901), 80.
151. Joel Tyler Headley, The Great Riots of New York, 1712 - 1873: Including a Full and Complete Account of the Four Days' Draft Riot of 1863 (Miami, Florida, 1969), 43-44.
152. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 6:197-98.
153. "They are a broken reed": Allen W. Trelease, Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca, New York, 1960), 306.
154. Nelson Greene, The Valley of the Hudson (Chicago, 1931), 1:431-32.
155. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 5:229.
156. O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York, 6:262-66.
157. Walter Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life (New York, 2003), 159-60.
158. Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution (New York, 1850), vol. 1
159. "The importance of the North River": George Washington, The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, ed. Philander D. Chase (Charlottesville, Virginia, 2001), 12:498-99.
160. Robert M. Ketchum, Saratoga: Turning Point in America's Revolutionary War (New York, 1997)
161. Max M. Mintz, The Generals at Saratoga (New Haven, 1990).
162. Don R. Gerlach, Proud Patriot: Philip Schuyler and the War of Independence, 1775 - 1783 (Syracuse, New York, 1987), 260.
163. "Unfortunate affair at Bennington": Marvin L. Brown, Jr., trans., Baroness von Riedesel and the American Revolution: Journal and Correspondence of a Tour of Duty, 1776 - 1783 (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1965), 44.
164. "Britons never retreat": Brown, trans., Baroness von Riedesel and the American Revolution, 47.
165. Ray Raphael, A People's History of the American Revolution: How Common People Shaped the Fight for Independence (New York, 2001), 76.
166. Mary C. Lynn, "The Battle of Saratoga from an Enemy Perspective," Tamkang Journal of American Studies 3, no. 3 (Spring 2001), 20-21.
167. "Oh fatal ambition!": Brown, trans., Baroness von Riedesel and the American Revolution, 51-52.
168. Helga Doblin, Mary C. Lynn, ed., The Specht Journal: A Military Journal of the Burgoyne Campaign (Westport, Connecticut, 1995), 96-97.
169. "Mother, is this the palace": Brown, trans., Baroness von Riedesel and the American Revolution, 65.
170. Henry C. Van Schaack, The Life of Peter Van Schaack (New York, 1842), 93-94.
171. "A gill of rum": The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, 11:237.
172. "Sir, is Philadelphia taken?": Walter Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life (New York, 2003), 342-49
173. Benjamin Franklin, The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, ed. Leonard W. Labaree and Whitfield J. Bell, Jr. (New Haven, 1959), 25:234-37.
174. Join Burgoyne: "My real & Sincere Opinion, is that they now Mean to join General Burgoyne with the utmost dispatch"; The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, 11:449.
175. "I found it impracticable to give him any further Assistance." William Bell Clark, ed., Naval Documents of the Ameri can Revolution (Washington, 1996), vol. 10
176. Washington, The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, 11:574.
177. Clare Brandt, An American Aristocracy: The Livingstons (New York, 1986), 6
178. "He stopt at Kingston": George Dangerfield, Chancellor Robert R. Livingston of New York, 1746 - 1813 (New York, 1960), 105.
179. "When the King of Great Britain": Brandt, An American Aristocracy, 123.
180. Richard L. Blanco, ed., The American Revolution, 1775 - 1783: An Encyclopedia (New York, 1993), 1773.
181. James T. Flexner, The Traitor and the Spy: Benedict Arnold and John André (Boston, 1975).
182. The Writings of George Washington: Being His Correspondence, Addresses, Messages, and Other Papers, OÇcial and Private, Selected and Published from the Original Manuscripts, ed. Jared Sparks (Boston, 1839), 25:343.
183. "To procure justice": James T. Flexner, Washington, the Indispensable Man (Boston, 1974), 173.
184. James T. Flexner, George Washington in the American Revolution (Boston, 1968), 500-518
185. Joseph J. Ellis, His Excellency, George Washington (New York, 2004), 141-44.
186. Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York to 1898 (New York 1999), 259-61, 265-73.
187. Olivier Bernier, Lafayette, Hero of Two Worlds (New York, 1983), 292-98
188. Louis R. Gottschalk, Lafayette Comes to America (Chicago, 1965)
189. Marian Klamkin, The Return of Lafayette (New York, 1975).
190. Robert Greenhalgh Albion, The Rise of New York Port, 1815 - 1860 (New York, 1939), 100-101.
191. Robert Lowry, Complete History of the Marquis de Lafayette, Major General in the Army of the United States of America, in the War of the Revolution; Embracing an Account of his Late Tour Through the United States to the Time of his Departure, September, 1825 (New York, 1846).
192. Clare Brandt, An American Aristocracy: The Livingstons (New York, 1986)
193. George Dangerfield, Chancellor Robert R. Livingston of New York, 1746 - 1813 (New York, 1960)
194. Cynthia Owen Philip, Robert Fulton (New York, 1985)
195. James T. Flexner, Steamboats Come True (Boston, 1978).
196. William E. Verplanck and Moses W. Collyer, The Sloops of the Hudson (Fleischmanns, New York, 1984), 7.
197. Afloat and Ashore: A Sea Tale (New York, 1844).
198. Verplanck and Collyer, The Sloops of the Hudson, 10.
199. "A brother agriculturalist": Dangerfield, Chancellor Robert R. Livingston, 437
200. Dangerfield, Chancellor Robert R. Livingston, 437-38.
201. Wayne Andrews, The Vanderbilt Legend: The Story of the Vanderbilt Family, 1794 - 1940 (New York, 1941)
202. Wheaton J. Lane, Commodore Vanderbilt: An Epic of the Steam Age (New York, 1942)
203. Meade Minnigerode, Certain Rich Men: Stephen Girard, John Jacob Astor, Jay Cooke, Daniel Drew, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jay Gould, Jim Fisk (New York, 1927).
204. Carol Sheriff, The Artificial River: The Erie Canal and the Para dox of Progress, 1817 - 1862 (New York, 1996)
205. Dorothie De Bear Bobbé, De Witt Clinton (Port Washington, New York, 1962)
206. Evan Cornog, The Birth of Empire: DeWitt Clinton and the American Experience, 1769 - 1828
207. "Bringing the achievements": George Wilson Pierson, Tocqueville in America (Gloucester, Massachusetts, 1969), 376-77.
208. Hawthorne "The Canal Boat" New England Magazine, no. 9, December 1835, 398-409.
209. Milton M. Klein, ed., The Empire State: A History of New York (Ithaca, New York, 2001), 310-11.
210. Roland Van Zandt, Chronicles of the Hudson (Hensonville, New York, 1992), 131-42.
211. "Kiss his Ass": Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan, ed., Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York (Albany, 1856), 3:153
212. Brandt, An Ameri can Aristocracy, 89.
213. Sung Bok Kim, Landlord and Tenant in Colonial New York: Manorial Society, 1664 - 1775 (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1978), 214.
214. David Maldwyn Ellis, Landlords and Farmers in the Hudson-Mohawk Region, 1790-1850 (Ithaca, New York, 1946), 233
215. Charles W. McCurdy, The Anti-Rent Era in New York Law and Politics, 1839-1865 (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 2001), 9-13.
216. "Strike till the last armed foe expires": Brandt, An American Aristocracy, 184.
217. "Unequal ratio of taxation": J. Priest, The Dutch and English Grants of the Rensselaer and Livingston Manors Together with a History of the Settlement of Albany (Albany, 1844), 33-34.
218. Henry Christman, Tin Horns and Calico: A Decisive Episode in the Emergence of Democracy (New York, 1945), 50.
219. Kurt C. Schlichting, Grand Central Terminal: Railroads, Engineering, and Architecture in New York City (Baltimore, 2001), 14-17, 25-26.
220. Pierre M. Irving, The Life and Letters of Washington Irving (New York, 1883), 3:90
221. Ralph M. Aderman, Herbert L. Kleinfield, and Jennifer S. Banks, eds., Letters of Washington Irving (Boston, 1982), 4:1846.
222. "The length and volume": Edward Waldo Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes, eds., Journals of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1820-1872 (Cambridge, 1909)
223. "I experienced a sensation": Van Zandt, Chronicles of the Hudson, 213.
224. Stanley T. Williams, The Life of Washington Irving (New York, 1935), 1:28rx
225. Washington Irving, Miscellaneous Writings, 1803 - 1859, ed. Wayne R. Kime (Boston, 1981), 344-45.
226. Washington Irving, Diedrich Knickerbocker's History of New York (New York, 1940), 170.
227. "Adamantine chains": Irving, Diedrich Knickerbocker's History of New York, 622-27.
228. Andrew B. Myers, ed., A Century of Commentary on the Works of Washington Irving, 1860 - 1974 (Tarrytown, New York, c. 1976), 11.
229. Kathleen Eagen Johnson, Washington Irving's Sunnyside (Tarrytown, New York, 1995).
230. Benson J. Lossing, The Hudson: From the Wilderness to the Sea (Hensonville, New York, 2000), 341-49.
231. James T. Flexner, That Wilder Image: The Painting of America's Native School from Thomas Cole to Winslow Homer (New York, 1970)
232. Earl A. Powell, Thomas Cole (New York, 1990)
233. Matthew Baigell, Thomas Cole (New York, 1981).
234. "I saw / The idle River": Marshall B. Tymn, ed., Thomas Cole's Poetry (York, Pennsylvania, 1972), 41.
235. "You have already done": Noble, The Life and Works of Thomas Cole, 35.
236. Carrie Rebora Barratt, "Mapping the Venues: New York City Art Exhibitions," in Art and the Empire City: New York, 1825 - 1861, ed. Catherine Hoover Voorsanger and John K. Howat (New Haven, 2000), 47-81.
237. Noble, The Life and Works of Thomas Cole, 35.
238. Thomas Cole, "Essay on American Scenery," American Monthly Magazine 1 (January 1836), 1-12
239. John W. McCoubrey, American Art, 1700-1960: Sources and Documents (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1965), 98-110.
240. "Midnight hath loosed": Tymn, ed., Thomas Cole's Poetry, 175.
241. "In its majesty": Noble, The Life and Works of Thomas Cole, 43-45.
242. John K. Howat, "A Picturesque Site in the Catskills: The Kaaterskill Falls as Painted by William Guy Wall," Honolulu Academy of Arts Journal 1 (1974).
243. "The mist below the mountain": Noble, The Life and Works of Thomas Cole, 39.
244. "When the morning lights the sky": Tymn, ed., Thomas Cole's Poetry, 178.
245. Parke Godwin, ed., The Life and Works of William Cullen Bryant, Poetical Works (New York, 1883).
246. William Cullen Bryant, "Funeral Oration on the Death of Thomas Cole Before the National Academy of Design," in McCoubrey, American Art, 1700 - 1960, 96-97.
247. "I want to be quiet": Noble, The Life and Works of Thomas Cole, 306.
248. "Dark summits of the distant mountains": Noble, The Life and Works of Thomas Cole, 43-45.
249. William Cullen Bryant II, "Poetry and Painting: A Love Affair of Long Ago," American Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Winter 1970), 864-65.
250. John Durand, The Life and Times of A. B. Durand (New York, 1894), 223-25.
251. McCoubrey, American Art, 1700 - 1960, 113-15.
252. Eleanor Jones Harvey, The Painted Sketch: American Impressions from Nature, 1830 - 1880 (Dallas, Texas, 1998), 20.
253. "Sale of the Baker Collection; Com petition Not Very Spirited - The 'Cole' Paintings," New York Times, February 19, 1880, 2
254. "Selling the Durr Pictures," New York Times, January 28, 1881, 5.
255. Doreen Bolger Burke and Catherine Hoover Voorsanger, "The Hudson River School in Eclipse," in American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School, ed. John K. Howat (New York, 1998).
256. Architecture of Country Houses (New York, 1850)
257. Victorian Cottage Residences (New York, 1873)
258. George William Curtis, ed., Rural Essays (New York, 1974).
259. David Schuyler, Apostle of Taste: Andrew Jackson Downing, 1815 -1852 (Baltimore, 1996)
260. Judith K. Major, To Live in the New World: A. J. Downing and American Landscape Gardening (Cambridge, 1997)
261. George B. Tatum and Elisabeth Blair MacDougall, eds., Prophet with Honor: The Career of Andrew Jackson Downing, 1815-1852 (Washington, 1989).
262. Downing in The Hudson (New York, 1939).
263. "Spirit and grace": Andrew Jackson Downing, Victorian Cottage Residences (New York, 1873), 50.
264. "Rival Mountain Houses; The New Hotel on the Summit of the Catskills," New York Times, August 1, 1881, 5.
265. Alf Evers, The Catskills: From Wilderness to Woodstock (Garden City, New York, 1972), 349-50.
266. "Large and commodious hotel": Roland Van Zandt, The Catskill Mountain House (Hensonville, New York, 1993), 37.
267. Roland Van Zandt, Chronicles of the Hudson (Hensonville, New York, 1992), 328
268. "Catskill Mountain Life; Looking Down on the Busy World Below," New York Times, July 4, 1885, 2.
269. "Little, if at all, inferior": Karl Baedeker, ed., The United States, With an Excursion into Mexico; Handbook for Travellers (New York, 1899), 179.
270. Barbara McMartin, Hides, Hemlocks, and Adirondack History: How the Tanning Industry Influenced the Growth of the Region (Utica, New York, 1992), 320.
271. Field Horne, Greene County and the Catskills: A History (Hensonville, New York, 1994), 57
272. Horne, Greene County and the Catskills, 57-60.
273. "More than 6000 cords": McMartin, Hides, Hemlocks, and Adirondack History, 316-20.
274. T. Addison Richards, "The Catskills," Harper's Monthly, July 1854, 153.
275. Scott Christianson's With Liberty for Some (Boston, 1998)
276. Lewis E. Lawes, Twenty Thousand Years in Sing Sing (New York, 1932), 71.
277. Lawes, Twenty Thousand Years in Sing Sing, 74-76.
278. "How to live without waterfalls": T. Morris Longstreth, The Catskills (New York, 1918), 87
279. "A Long Mountain Drive: Queer Places and People in the Catskills," New York Times, August 20, 1882, 5.
280. Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years (New York, 1939), 4:53-61
281. Abraham Lincoln, Collected Works, Roy P. Basler, ed. (New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1953), 4:224-31.
282. William Kennedy, O Albany! Improbable City of Political Wizards, Fearless Ethnics, Spectacular Aristocrats, Splendid Nobodies, and Underrated Scoundrels (New York, 1983), 69.
283. "The Slave Rescue at Troy; Details and Particulars of an Exciting Scene," New York Times, May 1, 1860, 8.
284. Edgar Mayhew Bacon, The Hudson River from Ocean to Source, Historical - Legendary - Picturesque (New York, 1903), 426.
285. Harvey K. Flad, "Matthew Vassar's Springside: '... the hand of Art, when guided by Taste,'" in Prophet with Honor: The Career of Andrew Jackson Downing, 1815 - 1852, ed. George B. Tatum and Elisabeth Blair MacDougall (Washington, 1989), 219.
286. "Annals of philanthropy": Valice F. Ruge, ed., Life Along the Hudson: Wood Engravings of Hudson River Subjects from Harper's Weekly, 1859 - 1903 (Woodstock, New York, 1994), 8.
287. "I'm hungry": Ralph Gary, Following in Lincoln's Footsteps: A Complete Annotated Reference to Hundreds of Historical Sites Visited by Abraham Lincoln (New York, 2001), 273.
288. "Fear not, Abraham": Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, 55-64.
289. Walt Whitman, Prose Works, 1892, ed. Ralph Stovall (New York, 1964), 500-501.
290. Philip S. Foner, Business and Slavery: The New York Merchants and the Ir repressible Conflict (New York, 1968), 139.
291. Kenneth T. Jackson, ed., The Encyclopedia of New York City (New Haven, 1995), 920-23.
292. Harvey O'Connor, The Astors (New York, 1941), 104.
293. Jackson, ed., Encyclopedia of New York City, 581-87.
294. "Music in Central Park," New York Times, May 30, 1880, 5
295. "No Rigid Enforcement; The Spasm of Virtue Apparently Passing Off," New York Times, December 18, 1882, 5.
296. New York Times, January 10, 1906, 2.
297. "Crystal, like that of Muscovy": Adriaen van der Donck, A Description of the New Netherlands, ed. Thomas F. O'Donnell (Syracuse, New York, 1968), 37.
298. "It is fast becoming a necessary": New York Times, February 14, 1857, 10.
299. Richard O. Cummings, The American Ice Harvest: A Historical Study in Technology, 1800-1918 (Berkeley, California, 1949)
300. "The Ice Trade; The Crop Excessive, the Price Outrageous, the Dealers a Monopoly," May 3, 1865, 8
301. "The Ice Crop of the North River," January 27, 1868, 5
302. "The Hudson River Ice Crop," February 11, 1869, 5
303. "Quantity of Ice Stored on the Hudson," February 14, 1869, 3
304. "Harvesting the Ice Crop, An Encouraging Change in Affairs - Brisk Work Along the Hudson - Men Employed Nights and Sundays," March 13, 1870, 8
305. "No man sows, yet many men reap": Ernest Ingersoll, Illustrated Guide to the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains (New York, 1910), 129.
306. John Burroughs, Signs and Seasons (New York, 1886), 183-200.
307. "Competition in the Ice Business; A New Company Buying Houses and Fields Along the Hudson," New York Times, January 2, 1896, 9
308. "Ice Trust Formed Under Maine Laws," New York Times, June 8, 1895, 3
309. "Means Death to Poor; Ice Combination's Advanced Prices Beyond Their Reach," New York Times, April 19, 1896, 2
310. "Must Suffer for Ice; The Price Forced Beyond the Reach of the Poor," New York Times, April 21, 1896, 9.
311. "Like the Trianon": Clare Brandt, An American Aristocracy: The Livingstons (New York, 1986), 213.
312. "Fifteen hundred people": James Stuart, Three Years in North America (New York, 1833), 38.
313. Karl Baedeker, ed., The United States, With an Excursion into Mexico; Handbook for Travellers (New York, 1899), 199.
314. "Everybody wore what they pleased": Edith Wharton, The Buccaneers: A Novel by Edith Wharton; Completed by Marion Mainwaring (New York, 1994), 4.
315. "Democratic, vulgar Saratoga": Field Horne, The Saratoga Reader (Saratoga Springs, 2004), 207-15
316. Henry James, The American Scene, introduction and notes by Leon Edel (Bloomington, Indiana, 1968), 76.
317. "In an old house at Albany": Henry James, The Portrait of a Lady, ed. Leon Edel (Cambridge, 1963), 47.
318. James, The American Scene, 149-51.
319. Edward Hagaman Hall, The Hudson-Fulton celebration, 1909, the fourth annual report of the Hudson-Fulton celebration commission to the Legislature of the state of New York. Published in 1910
320. New York Times, July 22, 1880
321. New York Times, February 26, 1908, 1.
322. Sharon Reier, The Bridges of New York (New York, 1977)
323. David Steinman, Bridges and Their Builders (New York, 1977)
324. Darl Rastorfer, Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann (New Haven, 2000).
325. Geoffrey C. Ward, Before the Trumpet: Young Franklin Roosevelt, 1882 - 1905 (New York, 1985), 16-18, 230-31.
326. "The march of modern civilization": Helen Wilkinson Reynolds, Dutch Houses in the Hudson Valley Before 1776 (New York, 1965).
327. Thomas W. Casey, "FDR Always Proud of Valley Roots; Boyhood, River, Friends Stay in His Thoughts," Poughkeepsie Journal, Spring 2005.
328. Geoffrey C. Ward, ed., Closest Companion: The Unknown Story of the Intimate Friendship Between Franklin Roosevelt and Margaret Suckley (Boston, 1995).
329. "A point on the east side": Geoffrey C. Ward, A First-Class Temperament: The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt (New York, 1989), 268-69.
330. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth: "The Hot Dog: A Success Story," New York Times, July 9, 1939, 84
331. "King Tries Hot Dog and Asks for More," New York Times, June 12, 1939, 1.
332. Ward, A First-Class Temperament, 760.
333. "All that is in me goes back": Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of Their Relationship (New York, 1971), 116.
334. Robert Boyle, The Hudson River: A Natural and Unnatural History (New York, 1969).
335. Allan R. Talbot, Power Along the Hudson: The Storm King Case and the Birth of Environmentalism (New York, 1972)
336. Talbot, Power Along the Hudson, 72-74
337. "Armada of Foes Invades Site of Con Ed Project on Hudson; Beachhead Established and Sign Planted Before Fleet Retires Downstream," New York Times, September 7, 1964, 21.
338. Boyle, The Hudson River, 169
339. Talbot, Power Along the Hudson, 134-35.
340. New York Times, December 20, 1980, 1.
341. John Cronin and Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., The Riverkeepers (New York, 1997).
342. Clare Brandt, An American Aristocracy: The Livingstons (New York, 1986)
343. New York Times, April 6, 1931, 28
344. New York Times, September 13, 1931
345. Brandt, An American Aristocracy.
346. "The privilege of a Hudson River estate": Brandt, An American Aristocracy, 238.
347. David C. Huntington, The Landscapes of Frederic Edwin Church: Vision of an American Era (New York, 1966)
348. Huntington, The Landscapes of Frederic Edwin Church, 114.
349. Huntington, The Landscapes of Frederic Edwin Church, 115.
350. Jones Harvey in The Painted Sketch: American Impressions from Nature, 1830 - 1880 (Dallas, Texas, 1998), 106-9.
351. "Xanadu on the Hudson": Editorial, New York Times, June 10, 1966, 44.
352. "Fund Drive Is Begun to Save Estate on Hudson," November 12, 1964, 31
353. "Drive on to Save Artist's Mansion," January 20, 1965, 29
354. "$100,000 Is Raised to Prevent Destruction of Olana Mansion," January 31, 1966, 18
355. "Benefits Planned to Make Shrine of Upstate Home," May 17, 1966, 54
356. "State Will Operate an Artist's Mansion as a Museum," June 28, 1966, 26.