A morphological intermediate between eosimiiform and simiiform primates from the late middle Eocene of Tunisia: Macroevolutionary and paleobiogeographic implications of early anthropoids

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

Volumn 154, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 387-401

  Marivaux, Laurent ^a   Essid, El Mabrouk ^b   Marzougui, Wissem ^b   Khayati Ammar, Hayet ^b   Adnet, Sylvain ^a   Marandat, Bernard ^a   Merzeraud, Gilles ^c   Ramdarshan, Anusha ^a   Tabuce, Rodolphe ^a   Vianey Liaud, Monique ^a   Yans, Johan ^d  

^a INSTITUT DES SCIENCES DE L EVOLUTION   (France)

^b OFFICE NATIONAL DES MINES   (Tunisia)

^c UNIV MONTPELLIER   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NAMUR   (Belgium)

Author keywords

adaptive radiation; anthropoids; Bartonian; dental morphology; North Africa; paleobiogeography

Indexed keywords

AMAMRIA TUNISIENSIS; ARTICLE; BARTONIAN; EOSIMIIFORM; LUTETIAN; MONOPHYLY; MORPHOLOGY; NEW GENUS; NEW SPECIES; NONHUMAN; OLIGOPITHECID; PRIMATE; PROTEOPITHECID; RADIATION; SIMIAN; TAXON; TUNISIA; ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY; ANIMAL; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; FOSSIL; HAPLORHINI; MOLAR TOOTH; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY;

ANIMALS; ANTHROPOLOGY, PHYSICAL; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; FOSSILS; HAPLORHINI; MOLAR; TUNISIA;

EID: 84902529405     PISSN: 00029483     EISSN: 10968644     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22523     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Abdeljaoued S,. 1983. Étude sédimentologique et structurale de la partie Est de la chaîne Nord des Chotts (Tunisie méridionale). Ph.D. Dissertation, Université de Tunis.
2. Adnet S, Cappetta H, Tabuce R,. 2010. A new Eocene vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals) from southwestern Morocco: preliminary report. Age and palaeobiogeographical implications. Geol Mag 147: 860-870.
3. Antoine P-O, Marivaux L, Croft DA, Billet G, Ganerød M, Jaramillo C, Martin T, Orliac MJ, Tejada J, Altamirano AJ, Duranthon F, Fanjat G, Rousse S, Salas-Gismondi R,. 2012. Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography. Proc R Soc Lond B 279: 1319-1326.
4. Bajpai S, Kay RF, Williams BA, Das DP, Kapur VV, Tiwari BN,. 2008. The oldest Asian record of Anthropoidea. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 11093-11098.
5. Beard KC,. 2004. The hunt for the dawn monkey. Unearthing the origins of monkeys, apes, and humans. Berkeley: University of California Press.
6. Beard KC,. 2006. Mammalian biogeography and anthropoid origins. In:, Fleagle JG, Lehman S, editors. Primate biogeography. New York: Springer. p 439-467.
7. Beard KC, Marivaux L, Chaimanee Y, Jaeger J-J, Marandat B, Tafforeau P, Soe AN, Tun ST, Kyaw AA,. 2009. A new primate from the Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar and the monophyly of Burmese amphipithecids. Proc R Soc Lond B 276: 3285-3294.
8. Beard KC, Qi T, Dawson MR, Wang B, Li C,. 1994. A diverse new primate fauna from middle Eocene fissure-fillings in southeastern China. Nature 368: 604-609.
9. Beard KC, Tong Y, Dawson MR, Wang J, Huang X,. 1996. Earliest complete dentition of an anthropoid primate from the late middle Eocene of Shanxi Province, China. Science 272: 82-85.
10. Beard KC, Wang J,. 2004. The eosimiid primates (Anthropoidea) of the Heti Formation, Yuanqu Basin, Shanxi and Henan Provinces, People's Republic of China. J Hum Evol 46: 401-432.
11. Benoit J, Essid EM, Marzougui W, Khayati Ammar H, Lebrun R, Tabuce R, Marivaux L,. 2013. New insights into the ear region anatomy and cranial blood supply of advanced stem Strepsirhini: evidence from primate petrosals from the Eocene of Chambi, Tunisia. J Hum Evol 65: 551-572.
12. Berggren WA, Kent DV, Swisher CC, Aubry M-P,. 1995. A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In:, Berggren WA, Kent DV, Aubry M-P, Hardenbol J, editors. Geochronology, time scales and stratigraphic correlation. SEPM. p 129-212.
13. Berggren WA, Pearson PN,. 2005. A revised tropical to subtropical Paleogene planktonic foraminiferal zonation. J Foram Res 35: 279-298.
14. Blondel T, 1991. Les séries à tendance transgressive marine du Miocène inférieur à moyen de Tunisie centrale: biostratigraphie, paléoenvironnements et analyse séquentielle des formations du Groupe Hajeb el Aïoun intégrés au contexte géodynamique global, climatique et eustatique régional et global. Ph.D. Dissertation, Université de Genève.
15. Bohaty SM, Zachos JC, Florondo F, Delaney ML,. 2009. Coupled greenhouse warming and deep-sea acidification in the middle Eocene. Paleoceanography 24: PA2207.
16. Boyer DM, Seiffert ER, Simons EL,. 2010. Astragalar morphology of Afradapis, a large adapiform primate from the earliest Late Eocene of Egypt. Am J Phys Anthropol 143: 383-402.
17. Burollet PF,. 1956. Contribution à l'étude stratigraphique de la Tunisie centrale. Ann Mines Géol (Tunis) 18: 1-350.
18. Chaimanee Y, Chavasseau O, Beard KC, Kyaw AA, Soe AN, Sein C, Lazzari V, Marivaux L, Marandat B, Swe M, Rugbumrung M, Lwin T, Valentin X, Thein ZMM, Jaeger J-J,. 2012. A new middle Eocene primate from Myanmar and the initial anthropoid colonization of Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 10293-10297.
19. Chaimanee Y, Chavasseau O, Lazzari V, Euriat A, Jaeger J-J,. 2013. A new Late Eocene primate from the Krabi Basin (Thailand) and the diversity of Palaeogene anthropoids in southeast Asia. Proc R Soc Lond B 280: 1471-2954.
20. Chaimanee Y, Suteethorn V, Jaeger J-J, Ducrocq S,. 1997. A new late Eocene anthropoid primate from Thailand. Nature 385: 429-431.
21. Ciochon RL, Gunnell GF,. 2002. Eocene primates from Myanmar: historical perspectives on the origin of Anthropoidea. Evol Anthropol 11: 156-168.
22. Coster P, Beard KC, Soe AN, Sein C, Chaimanee Y, Lazzari V, Valentin X, Jaeger J-J,. 2013. Uniquely derived upper molar morphology of Eocene Amphipithecidae (Primates: Anthropoidea): homoplasy and phylogeny. J Hum Evol 65: 143-155.
23. Ducrocq S,. 1999. Siamopithecus eocaenus, a late Eocene anthropoid primate from Thailand: its contribution to the evolution of anthropoids in Southeast Asia. J Hum Evol 36: 613-635.
24. Gebo DL, Dagosto M, Beard KC,. 2000. The smallest primates. J Hum Evol 38: 585-594.
25. Gebo DL, Dagosto M, Beard KC, Qi T,. 2001. Middle Eocene primate tarsals from China: implications for haplorhine evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol 116: 83-107.
26. Gebo DL, Dagosto M, Ni X, Beard KC,. 2012. Species diversity and postcranial anatomy of Eocene primates from Shanghuang, China. Evol. Anthropol 21: 224-238.
27. Gheerbrant E, Thomas H, Sen S, Al-Sulaimani Z,. 1995. Nouveau Primate Oligopithecinae (Simiiformes) de l'Oligocène inférieur de Taqah, Sultanat d'Oman. C R Acad Sci Paris 321: 425-432.
28. Godinot M, Mahboubi M,. 1992. Earliest known simian primate found in Algeria. Nature 357: 324-326.
29. Godinot M, Mahboubi M,. 1994. Les petits primates simiiformes de Glib Zegdou (Eocène inférieur à moyen d'Algérie). C R Acad Sci Paris 319: 357-364.
30. Gunnell GF, Ciochon RL, Gingerich PD, Holroyd PA,. 2002. New assessment of Pondaungia and Amphipithecus (Primates) from the late middle Eocene of Myanmar, with a comment on "Amphipithecidae". Contrib Mus Paleontol Univ Mich 30: 337-372.
31. Harris LC, Whiting BM,. 2000. Sequence-stratigraphic significance of Miocene to Pliocene glauconite-rich layers, on and offshore of the US Mid-Atlantic margin. Sedim Geol 134: 129-147.
32. Hoffstetter R,. 1974. Apidium et l'origine des Simiiformes (=Anthropoidea). C R Acad Sci Paris 278: 1715-1717.
33. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature, 4th ed. London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
34. Jaeger J-J, Beard KC, Chaimanee Y, Salem M, Benammi M, Hlal OA, Coster P, Bilal AA, Duringer P, Schuster M, Valentin X, Marandat B, Marivaux L, Métais E, Hammuda O, Brunet M,. 2010. Late middle Eocene epoch of Libya yields earliest known radiation of African anthropoids. Nature 467: 1095-1098.
35. Jaeger J-J, Denys C, Coiffait B,. 1985. New Phiomorpha and Anomaluridae from the late Eocene of North-West Africa: phylogenetic implications. In:, Luckett WP, Hartenberger J-L, editors. Evolutionary relationships among rodents: a multidisciplinary analysis. New York/London: Plenum. p 567-588.
36. Jaeger J-J, Marivaux L,. 2005. Shaking the earliest branches of anthropoid primate evolution. Science 310: 244-245.
37. Jaeger J-J, Thein T, Benammi M, Chaimanee Y, Soe AN, Lwin T, Wai S, Ducrocq S,. 1999. A new primate from the middle Eocene of Myanmar and the Asian early origin of anthropoids. Science 286: 528-530.
38. Jamoussi F, Abbès C, Fakhfakh E, Bédir M, Kharbachi S, Soussi M, Zargouni F, Lõpez-Galindo A,. 2001. Découverte de l'Éocène continental autour de l'archipel de Kasserine, aux Jebels Rhéouis, Boudinar et Chambi en Tunisie centro-méridionale: nouvelles implications paléogéographiques. C R Acad Sci Paris 133: 329-335.
39. Kay RF,. 2012. Evidence for an Asian origin of stem anthropoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 10132-10133.
40. Kay RF, Fleagle JG, Simons EL,. 1981. A revision of the Oligocene apes of the Fayum Province, Egypt. Am J Phys Anthropol 55: 293-322.
41. Kay RF, Williams BA, Ross CF, Takai M, Shigehara N,. 2004. Anthropoid origins: a phylogenetic analysis. In:, Ross CF, Kay RF, editors. Anthropoid origins: new visions. New York: Kluwer/Plenum. p 91-135.
42. Kitamura A,. 1998. Glaucony and carbonate grains as indicators of the condensed section: Omma Formation, Japan. Sedim Geol 122: 151-163.
43. Marivaux L,. 2006. The eosimiid and amphipithecid primates (Anthropoidea) from the Oligocene of the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan): new insight into early higher primate evolution in South Asia. Palaeovertebrata 34: 29-109.
44. Marivaux L, Adaci M, Bensalah M, Gomes Rodrigues H, Hautier L, Mahboubi M, Mebrouk F, Tabuce R, Vianey-Liaud M,. 2011b. Zegdoumyidae (Rodentia, Mammalia), stem anomaluroid rodents from the early to middle Eocene of Algeria (Gour Lazib, Western Sahara): new dental evidence. J Syst Palaeontol 9: 563-588.
45. Marivaux L, Antoine P-O, Baqri SRH, Benammi M, Chaimanee Y, Crochet J-Y, De Franceschi D, Iqbal N, Jaeger J-J, Métais G, Roohi G, Welcomme J-L,. 2005a. Anthropoid primates from the Oligocene of Pakistan (Bugti Hills): data on early anthropoid evolution and biogeography. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 8436-8441.
46. Marivaux L, Benammi M, Ducrocq S, Jaeger J-J, Chaimanee Y,. 2000. A new baluchimyine rodent from the Late Eocene of the Krabi Basin (Thailand): paleobiogeographic and biochronologic implications. C R Acad Sci Paris 331: 427-433.
47. Marivaux L, Ducrocq S, Jaeger J-J, Marandat B, Sudre J, Chaimanee Y, Tun ST, Htoon W, Soe AN,. 2005b. New remains of Pondaungimys anomaluropsis (Rodentia, Anomaluroidea) from the latest middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of Central Myanmar. J Vert Paleontol 25: 214-227.
48. Marivaux L, Essid EM, Marzougui W, Khayati Ammar H, Adnet S, Marandat B, Merzeraud G, Tabuce R, Vianey-Liaud M,. in press. A new and primitive species of Protophiomys (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the late middle Eocene of Djebel el Kébar, Central Tunisia. Palaeovertebrata.
49. Marivaux L, Ramdarshan A, Essid EM, Marzougui W, Khayati Ammar H, Lebrun R, Marandat B, Merzeraud G, Tabuce R, Vianey-Liaud M,. 2013. Djebelemur, a tiny pre-tooth-combed primate from the Eocene of Tunisia: a glimpse into the origin of crown strepsirhines. PLoS One 8: e80778.
50. Marivaux L, Tabuce R, Lebrun R, Ravel A, Adaci M, Mahboubi M, Bensalah M,. 2011a. Talar morphology of azibiids, strepsirhine-related primates from the Eocene of Algeria: phylogenetic affinities and locomotor adaptation. J Hum Evol 61: 447-457.
51. Miller ER, Simons EL,. 1997. Dentition of Proteopithecus sylviae, an archaic anthropoid from Fayum, Egypt. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 13760-13764.
52. Ni X, Gebo DL, Dagosto M, Meng J, Tafforeau P, Flynn JJ, Beard KC,. 2013. The oldest known primate skeleton and early haplorhine evolution. Nature 498: 60-64.
53. Odin S,. 1994. Geological Time scale. C R Acad Sci Paris 318: 59-71.
54. Odin S, Matter A,. 1981. De glauconiarum origine. Sedimentology 28: 611-641.
55. Ouali J, Martinez C, Khessibi M,. 1986. Caractères de la tectonique crétacée en distension au jebel Kebar (Tunisie centrale). Ses conséquences. Géodynamique 1: 3-12.
56. Pilgrim GE,. 1927. A Sivapithecus palate and other primate fossils from India. Mem Geol Surv India 14: 1-26.
57. Rasmussen DT,. 2002. 14. Early catarrhines of the African Eocene and Oligocene. In:, Hartwig WC, editor. The primate fossil record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 203-220.
58. Rasmussen DT, Simons EL,. 1988. New specimens of Oligopithecus savagei, early Oligocene primate from the Fayum, Egypt. Folia Primatol 51: 182-208.
59. Rose KD, Rana RS, Sahni A, Kumar K, Missiaen P, Singh H, Smith T,. 2009. Early Eocene primates from Gujarat, India. J Hum Evol 56: 366-404.
60. Sallam HM, Seiffert ER, Simons EL,. 2012. A basal phiomorph (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the late Eocene of the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Swiss J Palaeontol 131: 283-301.
61. Sallam HM, Seiffert ER, Simons EL, Brindley C,. 2010. A large-bodied anomaluroid rodent from the earliest late Eocene of Egypt: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. J Vert Paleontol 30: 1579-1593.
62. Sallam HM, Seiffert ER, Steiper ME, Simons EL,. 2009. Fossil and molecular evidence constrain scenarios for the early evolutionary and biogeographic history of hystricognathous rodents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 16722-16727.
63. Sassi S, Triat J-M, Truc G, Millot G,. 1984. Découverte de l'Eocène terminal en Tunisie centrale: la formation du jebel Chambi et ses encroutements carbonatés. C R Acad Sci Paris 299: 357-364.
64. Seiffert ER,. 2012. Early primate evolution in Afro-Arabia. Evol Anthropol 21: 239-253.
65. Seiffert ER, Perry JMG, Simons EL, Boyer DM,. 2009. Convergent evolution of anthropoid-like adaptations in Eocene adapiform primates. Nature 461: 1118-1122.
66. Seiffert ER, Simons EL,. 2001. Astragalar morphology of late Eocene anthropoids from the Fayum Depression (Egypt) and the origin of catarrhine primates. J Hum Evol 41: 577-606.
67. Seiffert ER, Simons EL, Attia Y,. 2003. Fossil evidence of lorises and galagos. Nature 422: 421-424.
68. Seiffert ER, Simons EL, Clyde WC, Rossie JB, Attia Y, Bown TM, Chatrath P, Mathison ME,. 2005b. Basal anthropoids from Egypt and the antiquity of Africa's higher primate radiation. Science 310: 300-304.
69. Seiffert ER, Simons EL, Fleagle JG, Godinot M,. 2010. Chapter twenty-two: Paleogene anthropoids. In:, Werdelin L, Sanders WJ, editors. Cenozoic mammals of Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press. p 369-391.
70. Seiffert ER, Simons EL, Ryan TM, Attia Y,. 2005a. Additional remains of Wadilemur elegans, a primitive stem galagid from the late Eocene of Egypt. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 11396-11401.
71. Shigehara N, Takai M, Kay RF, Aung AK, Soe AN, Tun ST, Tsubamoto T, Thein T,. 2002. The upper dentition and face of Pondaungia cotteri from central Myanmar. J Hum Evol 43: 143-166.
72. Sigé B, Jaeger J-J, Sudre J, Vianey-Liaud M,. 1990. Altiatlasius koulchii n. gen. et sp., primate omomyidé du Paléocène supérieur du Maroc, et les origines des Euprimates. Palaeontographica 214: 31-56.
73. Simons E,. 1989. Description of two genera and species of Late Eocene Anthropoidea from Egypt. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 9956-9960.
74. Simons EL,. 1990. Discovery of the oldest known anthropoidean skull from the Paleogene of Egypt. Science 247: 1567-1569.
75. Simons EL,. 1992. Diversity in the early Tertiary anthropoidean radiation in Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 10743-10747.
76. Simons EL,. 1995. Skulls and anterior teeth of Catopithecus (Primates, Anthropoidea) from the Eocene and anthropoid origins. Science 268: 1885-1888.
77. Simons EL,. 1997. Preliminary description of the cranium of Proteopithecus sylviae, an Egyptian Late Eocene anthropoidean primate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 14970-14975.
78. Simons EL, Rasmussen DT,. 1994. A whole new world of ancestors: Eocene anthropoideans from Africa. Evol Anthropol 3: 128-139.
79. Simons EL, Rasmussen DT,. 1996. Skull of Catopithecus browni, an early Tertiary catarrhine. Am J Phys Anthropol 100: 261-292.
80. Simons EL, Rasmussen DT, Bown TM, Chatrath PS,. 1994. The Eocene origin of anthropoid primates: adaptation, evolution, and diversity. In:, Feagle JG, Kay RF, editors. Anthropoid origins. New York: Plenum Press. p 179-201.
81. Simons EL, Seiffert ER, Chatrath PS, Attia Y,. 2001. Earliest record of a parapithecid anthropoid from the Jebel Qatrani Formation, Northern Egypt. Folia Primatol 72: 316-331.
82. Steiger RH, Jäger E,. 1977. Subcommission on geochronology: convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth Planet Sci Lett 36: 359-362.
83. Szalay FS, Delson E,. 1979. Evolutionary history of the Primates. New York: Academic Press.
84. Tabuce R, Marivaux L,. 2005. Mammalian interchanges between Africa and Eurasia: an analysis of temporal constraints on plausible anthropoid dispersal during the Paleogene. Anthropol Sci 113: 27-32.
85. Tabuce R, Marivaux L, Lebrun R, Adaci M, Bensalah M, Fabre P-H, Fara E, Gomes Rodrigues H, Hautier L, Jaeger J-J, Lazzari V, Mebrouk F, Peigné S, Sudre J, Tafforeau P, Valentin X, Mahboubi M,. 2009. Anthropoid vs. strepsirhine status of the African Eocene primates Algeripithecus and Azibius: craniodental evidence. Proc R Soc Lond B 276: 4087-4094.
86. Takai M, Shigehara N, Aung AK, Tun ST, Soe AN, Tsubamoto T, Thein T,. 2001. A new anthropoid from the latest middle Eocene of Pondaung, Central Myanmar. J Hum Evol 40: 393-409.
87. Thomas H, Sen S, Roger J, Al-Sulaimani Z,. 1991. The discovery of Moeripithecus markgrafi Schlosser (Propliopithecidae, Anthropoidea, Primates), in the Ashawq Formation (early Oligocene of Dhofar Province, Sultanate of Oman). J Hum Evol 20: 33-49.
88. Tong Y,. 1997. Middle Eocene small mammals from Liguanqiao Basin of Henan Province and Yuanqu Basin of Shanxi Province, Central China. Paleontol Sin 186: 1-256.
89. Underwood C, Ward D, King C, Antar SM, Zalmout IS, Gingerich PD,. 2011. Shark and ray faunas in the middle and late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt. Proc Geol Assoc 122: 47-66.
90. Vandenberghe N, Hilgen FJ, Speijer RP,. 2012. Chapter 28: The Paleogene period. In:, Gradstein FM, Ogg JG, Schmitz M, Ogg G, editors. The geological time scale 2012. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. p 855-921.
91. Williams BA, Kay RF, Kirk EC,. 2010. New perspectives on anthropoid origins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 4797-4804.
92. Zaaboub N, Abdeljaoued S, Lõpez-Galindo A,. 2005. Origin of fibrous clays in Tunisian Paleogene continental deposits. J Afr Earth Sci 43: 491-504.
93. Zachos JC, Dickens GR, Zeebe RE,. 2008. An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics. Nature 451: 279-283.
94. Zouari H,. 1984. Étude structurale du Jebel Chaambi (Tunisie centrale). Relation entre la minéralisation et la structure. Ph.D. Dissertation, Université de Franche-Comté.