Investigations of flame-retarded thermoplastic poly(imide-urethane)s with intumescent flame retardants

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 53, Issue 23, 2014, Pages 9728-9737

  Tang, Qiheng ^a   Yang, Rongjie ^a   Song, Yun ^a   He, Jiyu ^a  

^a BEIJING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTERS; FLAME RETARDANTS; FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; REINFORCED PLASTICS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TENSILE TESTING; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATES; ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRA REDS; HEAT RELEASE RATE (HRR); INITIAL DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURES; INTUMESCENT FLAME RETARDANT; LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX; TOTAL HEAT RELEASE;

POLYPROPYLENES;

EID: 84902449363     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: 15205045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie500651t     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Yuan, C. Y.; Chen, S. Y.; Tsai, C. H.; Chiuand, Y. S.; Chen-Yang, Y. W. Thermally stable and flame-retardant aromatic phosphate and cyclotriphosphazene- containing polyurethanes: synthesis and properties Polym. Adv. Technol. 2005, 16, 393-399
2. Frick, A.; Rochman, A. Characterization of TPU-elastomers by thermal analysis (DSC) Polym. Test 2004, 23, 413-417
3. Lu, Q. W.; Macosko, C. W. Comparing the compatibility of various functionalized polypropylenes with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) Polymer 2004, 45, 1981-1991
4. Wu, L.; Luo, X.; Wang, X. D. Influence of processing conditions on dual-phase continuous blend system of thermoplastic polyurethane with ethylene-propylene-diene monomer elastomer J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 102, 5472-5482
5. Li, W. L.; Liu, J. L.; Hao, C. W. Interaction of thermoplastic polyurethane with polyamide 1212 and its influence on the thermal and mechanical properties of TPU/PA1212 blends Polym. Eng. Sci. 2008, 48, 249-256
6. Chiu, H. T.; Lee, P. T. C. New method for evaluating adhesive property of fabrics and TPU: The Rigid-Body Pendulum Rheometer approach J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007, 103, 2855-2863
7. Takeichi, T.; Suefuji, K.; Inoue, K. Preparation of high-temperature polyurethane by alloying with reactive polyamide J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2002, 40, 3497-3503
8. Cervantes-Uc, J. M.; Espinosa, J. I. M.; Cauich-Rodriguez, J. V.; Avila-Ortega, A.; Vazquez-Torres, H.; Marcos-Fernandez, A. TGA/FTIR studies of segmented aliphatic polyurethanes and their nanocomposites prepared with commercial montmorillonites Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2009, 94, 1666-1677
9. Petrovi, Z. S.; Zavargo, Z.; Flyn, J. H.; Macknight, W. J. Thermal degradation of segmented polyurethanes J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1994, 51, 1087-1095
10. Lee, D. J.; Kong, J. S.; Kim, H. D. Synthesis of thermotropic polyurethanes containing imide units and their mesophase behavior J. Fiber Polym. 2008, 1, 12-17
11. Chattopadhyay, D. K.; Webster, D. C. Thermal stability and flame retardancy of polyurethanes Prog. Polym. Sci. 2009, 34, 1068-1133
12. Nair, P. R.; Naira, C. P. R.; Francis, D. J. Phosphazene-modified polyurethanes: synthesis, mechanical and thermal characteristics Eur. Polym. J. 1996, 32, 1415-1420
13. Yeganeh, H.; Jamshidia, S.; Talemia, P. H. Synthesis, characterization and properties of novel thermally stable poly(urethane-oxazolidone) elastomers Eur. Polym. J. 2006, 42, 1743-1754
14. Tang, Q. H.; Ai, Q. S.; He, J. Y.; Li, X. D.; Yang, R. J. Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable poly(urethane-imide)s based on novel diols-containing imide and alkynyl groups High Performance Polym. 2013, 25, 798-812
15. Siriviriyanun, A.; O'Rear, E. A.; Yanumet, N. Improvement in the flame retardancy of cotton fabric by admicellar polymerization of 2-acryloyloxyethyl diethyl phosphate using an anionic surfactant J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 109, 3859-3866
16. Aslzadeh, M. M.; Abdouss, M.; Sadeghi, G. M. M. Preparation and Characterization of New Flame Retardant Polyurethane Composite and Nanocomposite J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 127, 1683-1690
17. Chen, M. J.; Shao, Z. B.; Wang, X. L.; Chen, L.; Wang, Y. Z. Halogen-Free Flame-Retardant Flexible Polyurethane Foam with a Novel Nitrogen-Phosphorus Flame Retardant Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012, 51, 9769-9776
18. Nie, S.; Hu, Y.; Song, L.; He, Q.; Yang, D.; Chen, H. Synergistic effect between a char forming agent (CFA) and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal and flame retardant properties of polypropylene Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19, 1077-1083
19. Zhong, H.; Wei, P.; Jiang, P.; Wang, G. Thermal degradation behaviors and flame retardancy of PC/ABS with novel silicon-containing flame retardant Fire Mater. 2007, 31, 411-423
20. Liu, Y.; Wang, D. Y.; Wang, J. S.; Song, Y. P.; Wang, Y. Z. A novel intumescent flame-retardant LDPE system and its thermo-oxidative degradation and flame-retardant mechanisms Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19, 1566-1575
21. Ma, Z. L.; Zhao, W. G.; Liu, Y. F.; Shi, J. R. Intumescent polyurethane coatings with reduced flammability based on spirocyclic phosphate-containing polyols J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1997, 66, 471-475
22. Horacek, H.; Grabner, R. Advantages of flame retardants based on nitrogen compounds Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1996, 54, 205-215
23. Price, D.; Liu, Y.; Milnes, G. J.; Hull, R.; Kandola, B. K.; Horrocks, A. R. An investigation into the mechanism of flame retardancy and smoke suppression by melamine in flexible polyurethane foam Fire Mater. 2002, 26, 201-206
24. Tang, Q. H.; Song, Y.; He, J. Y.; Yang, R. J. Synthesis and Characterization of Inherently Flame-Retardant and Antidripping Thermoplastic Poly(imide-urethane)s. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. DOI: 10.1002/APP.40801.
25. Camino, G.; Grassie, N.; McNeill, I. C. Influence of the fire retardant, ammonium polyphosphate, on the thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. 1978, 16, 95-106
26. Camino, G.; Costa, L.; Trossarelli, L. Study of the mechanism of intumescence in fire retardant polymers: Part II-Mechanism of action in polypropylene-ammonium polyphosphate-pentaerythritol mixtures Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1984, 6, 243-250
27. Camino, G.; Luda, M. P. Mechanistic study on intumescence. Fire Retardancy of Polymers; Royal Society of Chemistry: London, 1998; Vol. 224, pp 48-63.
28. Lin, H. J.; Yan, H.; Liu, B.; Wei, L. Q.; Xu, B. S. The influence of KH-550 on properties of ammonium polyphosphate and polypropylene flame retardant composites Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2011, 96, 1382-1388
29. Deodhar, S.; Shanmuganathan, K.; Fan, Q. G.; Wilkie, C. A.; Costache, M. C.; Dembsey, N. A.; Patra, P. K. Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate-based flame retardant composition for polypropylene J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 120, 1866-1873
30. Erickson, K. L. Thermal decomposition mechanisms common to polyurethane, epoxy, poly(diallyl phthalate), polycarbonate and poly(phenylene sulfide) J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2007, 89, 427-440
31. 2 Layers and Synergistic Application with Intumescent Flame Retardants in Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50, 7201-7209
32. Zhao, K. M.; Xu, W. Z.; Song, L.; Wang, B. B.; Feng, H.; Hu, Y. Synergistic effects between boron phosphate and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate in flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane composites Polym. Adv. Technol. 2012, 23, 894-900
33. Ni, J. X.; Chen, L. J.; Zhao, K. M.; Hu, Y.; Song, L. Preparation of gel-silica/ammonium polyphosphate core-shell flame retardant and properties of polyurethane composites Polym. Adv. Technol. 2011, 22, 1824-1831
34. Chen, W. Y.; Wang, Y. Z.; Chang, F. C. Thermal and flame retardation properties of melamine phosphate-modified epoxy resins J. Polym. Res. 2004, 11, 109-117
35. Camino, G.; Costa, L.; Trossarelli, L. Study of the mechanism of intumescence in fire retardant polymers: Part VI-Mechanism of ester formation in ammonium polyphosphate-pentaerythritol mixtures Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1985, 12, 213-228
36. Giraud, S.; Bourbigot, S.; Rochery, M. Flame Behavior of Cotton Coated with Polyurethane Containing Microencapsulated Flame Retardant Agent J. Fire Sci. 2001, 31, 11-26
37. Wu, K.; Song, L.; Wang, Z. Z.; Hu, Y. Preparation and characterization of doule shell microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and its flame retardance in polypropylene J. Polym. Res. 2009, 16, 283-294
38. Green, J. Mechanism for flame retardancy and smoke suppression-a review J. Fire Sci. 1996, 14, 426-442
39. Spontón, M.; Ronda, J. C.; Galià, M.; Cádiz, V. Cone calorimetry studies of benzoxazine-epoxy systems flame retarded by chemically bonded phosphorus or silicon Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2009, 94, 102-106
40. Gilman, J. W.; Kashiwagi, T. Nanocomposites: a revolutionary new flame retardant approach SAMPE J. 1997, 33, 40-46
41. Zhang, W. C.; Li, X. M.; Yang, R. J. Pyrolysis and fire behavior of epoxy resin composites based on a phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DOPO-POSS) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2011, 96, 1821-1832
42. Zhang, W. C.; Li, X. M.; Li, L. M.; Yang, R. J. Study of the synergistic effect of silicon and phosphorus on the blowing-out effect of epoxy resin composites Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2012, 97, 1041-1048