메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 72, Issue , 2014, Pages 52-63

Biomechanical strategies for accuracy and force generation during stone tool production

Author keywords

Dart thrower's arc; Hand and wrist evolution; Kinematics; Knapping; Oldowan tool making; Wrist anatomy

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; ANATOMY; ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; BIOMECHANICS; HOMINID; KINEMATICS; LIMB;

EID: 84902356934     PISSN: 00472484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.03.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 27744533914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Painful conditions of the forearm, wrist, and hand
    • Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, J.D. Loeser, J.D. Bonica (Eds.)
    • Almquist E.E. Painful conditions of the forearm, wrist, and hand. Bonica's Management of Pain 2001, 1084-1109. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. J.D. Loeser, J.D. Bonica (Eds.).
    • (2001) Bonica's Management of Pain , pp. 1084-1109
    • Almquist, E.E.1
  • 2
    • 0035793855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleolithic technology and human evolution
    • Ambrose S.H. Paleolithic technology and human evolution. Science 2001, 291:1748-1753.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 1748-1753
    • Ambrose, S.H.1
  • 3
    • 0030063281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional evaluation of the kinematic release parameters for javelin throwers of different skill levels
    • Bartlett R., Müller E., Lindinger S., Brunner F., Morriss C. Three-dimensional evaluation of the kinematic release parameters for javelin throwers of different skill levels. J.Appl. Biomech. 1996, 12:58-71.
    • (1996) J.Appl. Biomech. , vol.12 , pp. 58-71
    • Bartlett, R.1    Müller, E.2    Lindinger, S.3    Brunner, F.4    Morriss, C.5
  • 5
    • 0025574036 scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of mammalian terrestrial locomotion
    • Biewener A.A. Biomechanics of mammalian terrestrial locomotion. Science 1990, 250:1097-1103.
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 1097-1103
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 6
    • 77955798763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of expertise in tool use: skill differences in functional action adaptations to task constraints
    • Bril B., Rein R., Nonaka T., Wenban-Smith F., Dietrich G. The role of expertise in tool use: skill differences in functional action adaptations to task constraints. J.Exp. Psychol. 2010, 36:825-839.
    • (2010) J.Exp. Psychol. , vol.36 , pp. 825-839
    • Bril, B.1    Rein, R.2    Nonaka, T.3    Wenban-Smith, F.4    Dietrich, G.5
  • 7
    • 0033060088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination patterns in ball bouncing as a function of skill
    • Broderick M.P., Newell K.M. Coordination patterns in ball bouncing as a function of skill. J.Motor Behav. 1999, 31:165-188.
    • (1999) J.Motor Behav. , vol.31 , pp. 165-188
    • Broderick, M.P.1    Newell, K.M.2
  • 8
    • 26844554401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male harassment of female New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri: mortality, injury, and harassment avoidance
    • Chilvers B.L., Robertson B.C., Wilkinson I.S., Duignan P.J., Gemmell N.J. Male harassment of female New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri: mortality, injury, and harassment avoidance. Can. J. Zool. 2005, 83:642-648.
    • (2005) Can. J. Zool. , vol.83 , pp. 642-648
    • Chilvers, B.L.1    Robertson, B.C.2    Wilkinson, I.S.3    Duignan, P.J.4    Gemmell, N.J.5
  • 9
    • 0033593018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing accuracy in human throwing
    • Chowdhary A.G., Challis J.H. Timing accuracy in human throwing. J.Theor. Biol. 1999, 201:219-229.
    • (1999) J.Theor. Biol. , vol.201 , pp. 219-229
    • Chowdhary, A.G.1    Challis, J.H.2
  • 10
    • 38249033742 scopus 로고
    • Transitions: Homo erectus and the Acheulian: the Ethiopian sites of Gadeb and the Middle Awash
    • Clark J.D. Transitions: Homo erectus and the Acheulian: the Ethiopian sites of Gadeb and the Middle Awash. J.Hum. Evol. 1987, 16:809-826.
    • (1987) J.Hum. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 809-826
    • Clark, J.D.1
  • 11
    • 0000642942 scopus 로고
    • Some methods for strengthening the common χ2 tests
    • Cochran W.G. Some methods for strengthening the common χ2 tests. Biometrics 1954, 10:417-451.
    • (1954) Biometrics , vol.10 , pp. 417-451
    • Cochran, W.G.1
  • 12
    • 20144385995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in multi-joint kinematic patterns of repetitive hammering in healthy, fatigued and shoulder-injured individuals
    • CÔté J.N., Raymond D., Mathieu P.A., Feldman A.G., Levin M.F. Differences in multi-joint kinematic patterns of repetitive hammering in healthy, fatigued and shoulder-injured individuals. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 2005, 20:581-590.
    • (2005) Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) , vol.20 , pp. 581-590
    • Côté, J.N.1    Raymond, D.2    Mathieu, P.A.3    Feldman, A.G.4    Levin, M.F.5
  • 14
    • 1142297339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematics of wrist joint flexion in overarm throws made by skilled subjects
    • Debicki D.B., Gribble P.L., Watts S., Hore J. Kinematics of wrist joint flexion in overarm throws made by skilled subjects. Exp. Brain Res. 2004, 154:382-394.
    • (2004) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.154 , pp. 382-394
    • Debicki, D.B.1    Gribble, P.L.2    Watts, S.3    Hore, J.4
  • 15
    • 78650431002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Configurational approach to identifying the earliest hominin butchers
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo M., Pickering T.R., Bunn H.T. Configurational approach to identifying the earliest hominin butchers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2010, 107:20929-20934.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.107 , pp. 20929-20934
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.1    Pickering, T.R.2    Bunn, H.T.3
  • 17
    • 82155168274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of cut marks made with rocks unmodified by human flaking and its bearing on claims of ~3.4-million-year-old butchery evidence from Dikika, Ethiopia
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo M., Pickering T.R., Bunn H.T. Experimental study of cut marks made with rocks unmodified by human flaking and its bearing on claims of ~3.4-million-year-old butchery evidence from Dikika, Ethiopia. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2012, 39:205-214.
    • (2012) J.Archaeol. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 205-214
    • Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.1    Pickering, T.R.2    Bunn, H.T.3
  • 18
    • 77957985971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of human limb movements: the leading joint hypothesis and its practical applications
    • Dounskaia N.V. Control of human limb movements: the leading joint hypothesis and its practical applications. Ex. Sports Sci. Rev. 2010, 38:201-208.
    • (2010) Ex. Sports Sci. Rev. , vol.38 , pp. 201-208
    • Dounskaia, N.V.1
  • 20
    • 34250618749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of proximal-to-distal sequential organization of the upper limb segments in striking the keys by expert pianists
    • Furuya S., Kinoshita H. Roles of proximal-to-distal sequential organization of the upper limb segments in striking the keys by expert pianists. Neurosci. Lett. 2007, 421:264-269.
    • (2007) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.421 , pp. 264-269
    • Furuya, S.1    Kinoshita, H.2
  • 21
    • 53049110569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expertise-dependent modulation of muscular and non-muscular torques in multi-joint arm movements during piano keystroke
    • Furuya S., Kinoshita H. Expertise-dependent modulation of muscular and non-muscular torques in multi-joint arm movements during piano keystroke. Neuroscience 2008, 156:390-402.
    • (2008) Neuroscience , vol.156 , pp. 390-402
    • Furuya, S.1    Kinoshita, H.2
  • 22
    • 33750056677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of kinematics in skilled and unskilled arms of the same recreational baseball players
    • Gray S., Watts S., Debicki D., Hore J. Comparison of kinematics in skilled and unskilled arms of the same recreational baseball players. J.Sports Sci. 2006, 24:1183-11894.
    • (2006) J.Sports Sci. , vol.24 , pp. 1183-11894
    • Gray, S.1    Watts, S.2    Debicki, D.3    Hore, J.4
  • 23
    • 0037388824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization and compensation of interaction torques during ball-throwing movements
    • Hirashima M., Kudo K., Ohtsuki T. Utilization and compensation of interaction torques during ball-throwing movements. J.Neurophysiol. 2003, 89:1784-1796.
    • (2003) J.Neurophysiol. , vol.89 , pp. 1784-1796
    • Hirashima, M.1    Kudo, K.2    Ohtsuki, T.3
  • 24
    • 33846428122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of 3D limb dynamics in unconstrained overarm throws of different speeds performed by skilled baseball players
    • Hirashima M., Kudo K., Watarai K., Ohtsuki T. Control of 3D limb dynamics in unconstrained overarm throws of different speeds performed by skilled baseball players. J.Neurophysiol. 2007, 2007:680-691.
    • (2007) J.Neurophysiol. , vol.2007 , pp. 680-691
    • Hirashima, M.1    Kudo, K.2    Watarai, K.3    Ohtsuki, T.4
  • 25
    • 0027498714 scopus 로고
    • Significance of wounding to female reproductive success in Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) at Laysan Island
    • Hiruki L.M., Stirling I., Gilmartin W.G., Johanos T.C., Becker B.L. Significance of wounding to female reproductive success in Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) at Laysan Island. Can. J. Zool. 1993, 71:469-474.
    • (1993) Can. J. Zool. , vol.71 , pp. 469-474
    • Hiruki, L.M.1    Stirling, I.2    Gilmartin, W.G.3    Johanos, T.C.4    Becker, B.L.5
  • 26
    • 84977474146 scopus 로고
    • Asimple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure
    • Holm S. Asimple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand. J. Stat. 1979, 6:65-70.
    • (1979) Scand. J. Stat. , vol.6 , pp. 65-70
    • Holm, S.1
  • 27
    • 0030460171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overarm throws with the nondominant arm: kinematics of accuracy
    • Hore J., Watts S., Tweed D., Miller B. Overarm throws with the nondominant arm: kinematics of accuracy. J.Neurophysiol. 1996, 76:3693-3704.
    • (1996) J.Neurophysiol. , vol.76 , pp. 3693-3704
    • Hore, J.1    Watts, S.2    Tweed, D.3    Miller, B.4
  • 28
    • 28044459380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of joint rotations in overarm throws of different speeds made by dominant and nondominant arms
    • Hore J., O'Brien M., Watts S. Control of joint rotations in overarm throws of different speeds made by dominant and nondominant arms. J.Neurophysiol. 2005, 94:3975-3986.
    • (2005) J.Neurophysiol. , vol.94 , pp. 3975-3986
    • Hore, J.1    O'Brien, M.2    Watts, S.3
  • 29
    • 0003191496 scopus 로고
    • Anew species of the genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge
    • Leakey L.S., Tobias P.V., Napier J.R. Anew species of the genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge. Nature 1964, 202:7-9.
    • (1964) Nature , vol.202 , pp. 7-9
    • Leakey, L.S.1    Tobias, P.V.2    Napier, J.R.3
  • 32
    • 84959801619 scopus 로고
    • Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease
    • Mantel N., Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J.Nat. Cancer. Inst. 1959, 22:719748.
    • (1959) J.Nat. Cancer. Inst. , vol.22 , pp. 719748
    • Mantel, N.1    Haenszel, W.2
  • 34
    • 0031016198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precision grips, hand morphology, and tools
    • Marzke M.W. Precision grips, hand morphology, and tools. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1997, 102:91-110.
    • (1997) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.102 , pp. 91-110
    • Marzke, M.W.1
  • 35
    • 0000307615 scopus 로고
    • Hominid hand use in the Pliocene and Pleistocene: evidence from experimental archaeology and comparative morphology
    • Marzke M.W., Shackley M.S. Hominid hand use in the Pliocene and Pleistocene: evidence from experimental archaeology and comparative morphology. J.Hum. Evol. 1986, 15:439-460.
    • (1986) J.Hum. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 439-460
    • Marzke, M.W.1    Shackley, M.S.2
  • 37
    • 34548719708 scopus 로고
    • The logic of animal conflict
    • Maynard Smith J., Price G.R. The logic of animal conflict. Nature 1973, 246:15-18.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.246 , pp. 15-18
    • Maynard Smith, J.1    Price, G.R.2
  • 39
    • 77955613738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia
    • McPherron S.P., Alemseged Z., Marean C.W., Wynn J.G., Reed D., Geraads D., Bobe R., Bearat H.A. Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 2010, 466:857-860.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , pp. 857-860
    • McPherron, S.P.1    Alemseged, Z.2    Marean, C.W.3    Wynn, J.G.4    Reed, D.5    Geraads, D.6    Bobe, R.7    Bearat, H.A.8
  • 41
    • 3142699174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capitate-based kinematics of the midcarpal joint during wrist radioulnar deviation: an invivo three-dimensional motion analysis
    • Moritomo H., Murase T., Goto A., Oka K., Sugamoto K., Yoshikawa H. Capitate-based kinematics of the midcarpal joint during wrist radioulnar deviation: an invivo three-dimensional motion analysis. J.Hand Surg. 2004, 29A:668-675.
    • (2004) J.Hand Surg. , vol.29 A , pp. 668-675
    • Moritomo, H.1    Murase, T.2    Goto, A.3    Oka, K.4    Sugamoto, K.5    Yoshikawa, H.6
  • 42
    • 77955846248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do stone knappers predict and control the outcome of flaking? Implications for understanding early stone tool technology
    • Nonaka T., Bril B., Rein R. How do stone knappers predict and control the outcome of flaking? Implications for understanding early stone tool technology. J.Hum. Evol. 2010, 59:155-167.
    • (2010) J.Hum. Evol. , vol.59 , pp. 155-167
    • Nonaka, T.1    Bril, B.2    Rein, R.3
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0030270012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moment arms and lengths of human upper limb muscles as functions of joint angles
    • Pigeon P., Yahia L., Feldman A.G. Moment arms and lengths of human upper limb muscles as functions of joint angles. J.Biomech. 1996, 29:1365-1370.
    • (1996) J.Biomech. , vol.29 , pp. 1365-1370
    • Pigeon, P.1    Yahia, L.2    Feldman, A.G.3
  • 45
    • 0026018825 scopus 로고
    • Asegmental interaction analysis of proximal-to-distal sequential segment motion patterns
    • Putnam C.A. Asegmental interaction analysis of proximal-to-distal sequential segment motion patterns. Med. Sci. Sports Ex. 1991, 23:130-144.
    • (1991) Med. Sci. Sports Ex. , vol.23 , pp. 130-144
    • Putnam, C.A.1
  • 46
    • 0027256446 scopus 로고
    • Sequential motions of body segments in striking and throwing skills: descriptions and explanations
    • Putnam C.A. Sequential motions of body segments in striking and throwing skills: descriptions and explanations. J.Biomech. 1993, 26:125-135.
    • (1993) J.Biomech. , vol.26 , pp. 125-135
    • Putnam, C.A.1
  • 47
    • 84863304598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, R Core Team
    • R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing 2013, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/.
    • (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing
  • 48
    • 84875249642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination strategies used in stone knapping
    • Rein R., Bril B., Nonaka T. Coordination strategies used in stone knapping. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2013, 150:539-550.
    • (2013) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.150 , pp. 539-550
    • Rein, R.1    Bril, B.2    Nonaka, T.3
  • 50
    • 0345358446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Athletic injuries of the wrist and hand. Part 1: Traumatic injuries of the wrist
    • Rettig A.C. Athletic injuries of the wrist and hand. Part 1: Traumatic injuries of the wrist. Am. J. Sports Med. 2003, 31:1038-1048.
    • (2003) Am. J. Sports Med. , vol.31 , pp. 1038-1048
    • Rettig, A.C.1
  • 51
    • 36248943021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of the midcarpal joint in knuckle-walkers and terrestrial quadrupeds
    • Springer, New York, H. Ishida, R. Tuttle, M. Pickford, N. Ogihara (Eds.)
    • Richmond B.G. Functional morphology of the midcarpal joint in knuckle-walkers and terrestrial quadrupeds. Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds 2006, 105-122. Springer, New York. H. Ishida, R. Tuttle, M. Pickford, N. Ogihara (Eds.).
    • (2006) Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds , pp. 105-122
    • Richmond, B.G.1
  • 52
    • 0034704764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that humans evolved from a knuckle-walking ancestor
    • Richmond B.G., Strait D.S. Evidence that humans evolved from a knuckle-walking ancestor. Nature 2000, 404:382-385.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 382-385
    • Richmond, B.G.1    Strait, D.S.2
  • 53
    • 0037830613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of human bipedalism: the knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited
    • Richmond B.G., Begun D.R., Strait D.S. Origin of human bipedalism: the knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 2001, 44:70-105.
    • (2001) Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.44 , pp. 70-105
    • Richmond, B.G.1    Begun, D.R.2    Strait, D.S.3
  • 54
    • 84879624014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elastic energy storage in the shoulder and the evolution of high-speed throwing in Homo
    • Roach N.T., Venkadesan M., Rainbow M.J., Lieberman D.E. Elastic energy storage in the shoulder and the evolution of high-speed throwing in Homo. Nature 2013, 498:483-486.
    • (2013) Nature , vol.498 , pp. 483-486
    • Roach, N.T.1    Venkadesan, M.2    Rainbow, M.J.3    Lieberman, D.E.4
  • 55
    • 79956084116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hand biomechanics during simulated stone tool use
    • Rolian C., Lieberman D.E., Zermeno J.P. Hand biomechanics during simulated stone tool use. J.Hum. Evol. 2011, 61:26-41.
    • (2011) J.Hum. Evol. , vol.61 , pp. 26-41
    • Rolian, C.1    Lieberman, D.E.2    Zermeno, J.P.3
  • 56
    • 0242413914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic adaptation to bipedalism: age changes in femoral to humeral length and strength proportions in humans, with a comparison to baboons
    • Ruff C. Ontogenetic adaptation to bipedalism: age changes in femoral to humeral length and strength proportions in humans, with a comparison to baboons. J.Hum. Evol. 2003, 45:317-349.
    • (2003) J.Hum. Evol. , vol.45 , pp. 317-349
    • Ruff, C.1
  • 57
    • 33645235979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff? "Wolff's Law" and bone functional adaptation
    • Ruff C., Holt B., Trinkaus E. Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff? "Wolff's Law" and bone functional adaptation. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2006, 129:484-498.
    • (2006) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.129 , pp. 484-498
    • Ruff, C.1    Holt, B.2    Trinkaus, E.3
  • 58
    • 0034473526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The world's oldest stone artefacts from Gona, Ethiopia: their implications for understanding stone technology and patterns of human evolution between 2.6-1.5 million years ago
    • Semaw S. The world's oldest stone artefacts from Gona, Ethiopia: their implications for understanding stone technology and patterns of human evolution between 2.6-1.5 million years ago. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2000, 27:1197-1213.
    • (2000) J.Archaeol. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 1197-1213
    • Semaw, S.1
  • 59
    • 84864011435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How is a motor skill learned? Change and invariance at the levels of task success and trajectory control
    • Shmuelof L., Krakauer J.W., Mazzoni P. How is a motor skill learned? Change and invariance at the levels of task success and trajectory control. J.Neurophysiol. 2012, 108:578-594.
    • (2012) J.Neurophysiol. , vol.108 , pp. 578-594
    • Shmuelof, L.1    Krakauer, J.W.2    Mazzoni, P.3
  • 60
    • 0024917069 scopus 로고
    • Changes in limb striking patters: effects of speed and accuracy
    • Southard D. Changes in limb striking patters: effects of speed and accuracy. Res. Quart. Ex. Sport 1989, 60:348-356.
    • (1989) Res. Quart. Ex. Sport , vol.60 , pp. 348-356
    • Southard, D.1
  • 61
    • 42949096488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of Early Stone Age toolmaking: Technology, language and cognition in human evolution
    • Stout D., Toth N., Schick K.D., Chaminade T. Neural correlates of Early Stone Age toolmaking: Technology, language and cognition in human evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2008, 363:1939-1949.
    • (2008) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.363 , pp. 1939-1949
    • Stout, D.1    Toth, N.2    Schick, K.D.3    Chaminade, T.4
  • 62
    • 0023823450 scopus 로고
    • Hand of Paranthropus robustus from Member 1, Swartkrans: fossil evidence for tool behavior
    • Susman R.L. Hand of Paranthropus robustus from Member 1, Swartkrans: fossil evidence for tool behavior. Science 1988, 240:781-784.
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 781-784
    • Susman, R.L.1
  • 63
    • 0028163989 scopus 로고
    • Fossil evidence for early hominid tool use
    • Susman R.L. Fossil evidence for early hominid tool use. Science 1994, 265:1570-1573.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1570-1573
    • Susman, R.L.1
  • 64
    • 0032124912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hand function and tool behavior in early hominids
    • Susman R.L. Hand function and tool behavior in early hominids. J.Hum. Evol. 1998, 35:23-46.
    • (1998) J.Hum. Evol. , vol.35 , pp. 23-46
    • Susman, R.L.1
  • 65
    • 84981807505 scopus 로고
    • Knuckle-walking and the evolution of hominoid hands
    • Tuttle R.H. Knuckle-walking and the evolution of hominoid hands. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1967, 26:171-206.
    • (1967) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.26 , pp. 171-206
    • Tuttle, R.H.1
  • 66
    • 0014544886 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative and functional studies on the hands of the Anthropoidea: I. The Hominoidea
    • Tuttle R.H. Quantitative and functional studies on the hands of the Anthropoidea: I. The Hominoidea. J.Morphol. 1969, 128:309-363.
    • (1969) J.Morphol. , vol.128 , pp. 309-363
    • Tuttle, R.H.1
  • 67
    • 84977570866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manual pressure distribution during stone tool use
    • Williams E.M., Richmond B.G. Manual pressure distribution during stone tool use. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2012, 147:303.
    • (2012) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.147 , pp. 303
    • Williams, E.M.1    Richmond, B.G.2
  • 68
    • 77956122825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper limb kinematics and the role of the wrist during stone tool production
    • Williams E.M., Gordon A.D., Richmond B.G. Upper limb kinematics and the role of the wrist during stone tool production. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2010, 143:134-145.
    • (2010) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.143 , pp. 134-145
    • Williams, E.M.1    Gordon, A.D.2    Richmond, B.G.3
  • 69
    • 84859161477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hand pressure distribution during Oldowan stone tool production
    • Williams E.M., Gordon A.D., Richmond B.G. Hand pressure distribution during Oldowan stone tool production. J.Hum. Evol. 2012, 62:520-532.
    • (2012) J.Hum. Evol. , vol.62 , pp. 520-532
    • Williams, E.M.1    Gordon, A.D.2    Richmond, B.G.3
  • 70
    • 33751085154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dart-throwing motion of the wrist: is it unique to humans?
    • Wolfe S.W., Crisco J.J., Orr C.M., Marzke M.W. The dart-throwing motion of the wrist: is it unique to humans?. J.Hand Surg. 2006, 31A:1429-1437.
    • (2006) J.Hand Surg. , vol.31 A , pp. 1429-1437
    • Wolfe, S.W.1    Crisco, J.J.2    Orr, C.M.3    Marzke, M.W.4
  • 71
    • 0022699297 scopus 로고
    • AFORTRAN package for generalized, cross-validatory spline smoothing and differentiation
    • Woltring H.J. AFORTRAN package for generalized, cross-validatory spline smoothing and differentiation. Advan. Eng. Software 1986, 8:104-113.
    • (1986) Advan. Eng. Software , vol.8 , pp. 104-113
    • Woltring, H.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.