Athletic Injuries of the Wrist and Hand. Part I: Traumatic Injuries of the Wrist

American Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 1038-1048

  Rettig, Arthur C ^a  

^a METHODIST SPORTS MEDICINE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATHLETE; BIOMECHANICS; BONE TRANSPLANTATION; FRACTURE; FRACTURE HEALING; GONIOMETRY; HAMATE BONE FRACTURE; HAND INJURY; HAND MOVEMENT; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; JOINT FUNCTION; LIGAMENT INJURY; LUNAR FRACTURE; LUNATE BONE; OSTEOSYNTHESIS; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PISIFORM FRACTURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY; REVIEW; SCAPHOID FRACTURE; SPORT INJURY; WRIST DISLOCATION; WRIST FRACTURE; WRIST INJURY;

EID: 0345358446     PISSN: 03635465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/03635465030310060801     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Adkison JW, Chapman MW: Treatment of acute lunate and perilunate dislocations. Clin Orthop 164: 199-207, 1982
2. af Ekenstam F, Hagert CG: Anatomical studies on the geometry and stability of the distal radioulnar joint. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 19: 17-25, 1985
3. Alexander AH: Bilateral traumatic dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint, ulnar dorsal: Case report and review of the literature. Clin Orthop 129: 238-244, 1977
4. Allan CH, Joshi A, Lichtman DM: Keinbock's disease: Diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 9: 128-136, 2001
5. Amadio PC, Taleisnik J: Fractures of the carpal bones, in Green DP (ed): Operative Hand Surgery. Third edition. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1993
6. Apergis E, Maris J, Theodoratos G, et al: Perilunate dislocations and fracture-dislocations. Closed and early open reduction compared in 28 cases. Acta Orthop Scand (Suppl) 275: 55-59, 1997
7. Ashmead D IV, Watson HK, Damon C, et al: Scapholunate advanced collapse wrist salvage. J Hand Surg 19A: 741-750, 1994
8. Bednar JM, Osterman AL: The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of traumatic triangular fibrocartilage injuries. Hand Clin 10: 605-614, 1994
9. Bednar MS, Arnoczky SP, Weiland AJ: The microvasculature of the triangular fibrocartilage complex: Its clinical significance. J Hand Surg 16A: 1101-1105, 1991
10. Bergfeld JA, Weiker GG, Andrish JT, et al: Soft playing splint for protection of significant hand and wrist injuries in sports. Am J Sports Med 10: 293-296, 1982
11. Bishop AT, Beckenbaugh RD: Fracture of the hamate hook. J Hand Surg 13A: 135-139, 1988
12. Bock GW, Cohen MS, Resnick D: Fracture-dislocation of the elbow with inferior radioulnar dislocation: A variant of the Essex-Lopresti injury. Skeletal Radiol 21: 315-317, 1992
13. Bowen TL: Injuries of the hamate bone. Hand 5: 235-238, 1973
14. Bowers WH: The distal radioulnar joint, in Green DP (ed): Operative Hand Surgery. Second edition. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1988, pp 939-989
15. Brown DE, Lichtman DM: Midcarpal instability. Hand Clin 3: 135-140, 1987
16. Brown JA, Janzen DL, Adler BD, et al: Arthrography of the contralateral, asymptomatic wrist in patients with unilateral wrist pain. Can Assoc Radiol J 45: 292-296, 1994
17. Bruckner JD, Alexander AH, Lichtman DM: Acute dislocations of the distal radioulnar joint. J Bone Joint Surg 77A: 958-968, 1995
18. Bryan RS, Dobyns JH: Fractures of the carpal bones other than lunate and navicular. Clin Orthop 149: 107-111, 1980
19. Buterbaugh GA, Brown TR, Horn PC: Ulnar-sided wrist pain in athletes. Clin Sports Med 17: 567-583, 1998
20. Campbell RD Jr, Thompson TC, Lance EM, et al: Indications for open reduction of lunate and perilunate dislocation of the carpal bones. J Bone Joint Surg 47A: 915-937, 1965
21. Chidgey LK, Dell PC, Bittar E, et al: Tear patterns and collagen arrangement in the triangular fibrocartilage. J Hand Surg 15A: 826, 1990
22. Cohen MS: Ligamentous injuries of the wrist in the athlete. Clin Sports Med 17: 533-552, 1998
23. Cooney WP III, Dobyns JH, Linscheid RL: Nonunion of the scaphoid: Analysis of the results from bone grafting. J Hand Surg 5A: 343-354, 1980
24. Corso SJ, Savoie FH, Geissler WB, et al: Arthroscopic repair of peripheral avulsions of the triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist: A multicenter study. Arthroscopy 13: 78-84, 1997
25. Dameron TB Jr: Traumatic dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Clin Orthop 83: 55-63, 1972
26. De Araujo W, Poehling GG, Kuzma GR: New Tuohy needle technique for triangular fibrocartilage complex repair: Preliminary studies. Arthroscopy 12: 699-703, 1996
27. DeHaven KE, Lintner DM: Athletic injuries: Comparison by age, sport, and gender. Am J Sports Med 14: 218-224, 1986
28. Dobyns JH, Linscheid RL, Chao EYS, et al: Traumatic instability of the wrist. Instr Course Lect 24: 182-199, 1975
29. Edwards GS Jr, Jupiter JB: Radial head fractures with acute distal radioulnar dislocation: Essex-Lopresti revisited. Clin Orthop 234: 61-69, 1988
30. Egawa M, Asai T: Fracture of the hook of the hamate: Report of six cases and the suitability of computerized tomography. J Hand Surg 8A: 393-398, 1983
31. Essex-Lopresti P: Fractures of the radial head with distal radioulnar joint dislocation. J Bone Joint Surg 33B: 244, 1951
32. Failla JM: Hook of hamate vascularity: Vulnerability to osteonecrosis and nonunion. J Hand Surg 18A: 1075-1079, 1993
33. Feldon P, Terrono AL, Belsky MR: Wafer distal ulna resection for triangular fibrocartilage tears and/or ulna impaction syndrome. J Hand Surg 17A: 731-737, 1992
34. Fisk GR: Carpal instability and the fractured scaphoid. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 46: 63-76, 1970
35. Foucher G, Schuind F, Merle M, et al: Fractures of the hook of the hamate. J Hand Surg IOB: 205-210, 1985
36. Frykman G: Fractures of the distal radius including sequela-shoulder-hand-finger syndrome, disturbance in the distal radio-ulnar joint and impairment of nerve function. A clinical and experimental study. Acta Orthop Scand (Suppl) 108: 1967
37. Frykman GK, Taleisnik J, Peters G, et al: Treatment of nonunited scaphoid fractures by pulsed electromagnetic field and cast. J Hand Surg 11A: 344-349, 1986
38. Gan BS, Richards RS, Roth JH: Arthroscopic treatment of triangular fibrocartilage tears. Orthop Clin North Am 26: 721-729, 1995
39. Ganel A, Engel J, Oster Z, et al: Bone scanning in the assessment of fractures of the scaphoid. J Hand Surg 4A: 540-543, 1979
40. Gilford WW, Bolton RM, Lambrinudi C: The mechanism of the wrist joint with special reference to fractures of the scaphoid. Guy's Hospital Report 92: 52-59, 1943
41. Green DP: Proximal row carpectomy. Hand Clin 3: 163-168, 1987
42. Green DP, O'Brien ET: Open reduction of carpal dislocations: Indications and operative techniques. J Hand Surg 3A: 250-265, 1978
43. Gupta A, Risitano G, Crawford R, et al: Fractures of the hook of the hamate. Injury 20: 284-286, 1989
44. Helal B: Racquet player's pisiform, Hand 10: 87-90, 1978
45. Herbert TJ, Fisher WE, Leicester AW: The Herbert bone screw: A ten year perspective. J Hand Surg 17B: 415-419, 1992
46. Hermansdorfer JD, Kleinman WB: Management of chronic peripheral tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. J Hand Surg 16A: 340-346, 1991
47. Imbriglia JE, Broudy AS, Hagberg WC, et al: Proximal row carpectomy: Clinical evaluation. J Hand Surg 15A: 426-430, 1990
48. Inglis AE, Jones EC: Proximal-row carpectomy for diseases of the proximal row. J Bone Joint Surg 59A: 460-463, 1977
49. Inoue G, Shionoya K: Herbert screw fixation by limited access for acute fractures of the scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg 79B: 418-421, 1997
50. Johnson RP: The acutely injured wrist and its residuals. Clin Orthop 149: 33-44, 1980
51. Kerluke L, McCabe SJ: Nonunion of the scaphoid: A critical analysis of recent natural history studies. J Hand Surg 18A: 1-3, 1993
52. Kirschenbaum D, Coyle MP, Leddy JP: Chronic lunotriquetral instability: Diagnosis and treatment. J Hand Surg 18A: 1107-1112, 1993
53. Kirschenbaum D, Sieler S, Solonick D, et al: Arthrography of the wrist: Assessment of the integrity of the ligaments in young asymptomatic adults. J Bone Joint Surg 77A: 1207-1209, 1995
54. Kleinman WB: The luno-triquetral shuek test. Am Soc Surg Hand Corr News: 51, 1985
55. Krahl H, Michaelis U, Pieper HG, et al: Stimulation of bone growth through sports: A radialogic investigation of the upper extremities in professional tennis players. Am J Sports Med 22: 751-757, 1994
56. Kuschner SH, Lane CS, Brien WW, et al: Scaphoid fractures and scaphold nonunion. Diagnosis and treatment, Orthop Rev 23: 861-871, 1994
57. Levinsohn EM, Rosen ID, Palmer AK: Wrist arthrography: Value of the three-compartment injection method. Radiology 179: 231-239, 1991
58. Lichtman DM, Schneider JR, Swafford AR, et al: Ulnar midcarpal instability-clinical and laboratory analysis. J Hand Surg 6A: 515-523, 1981
59. Linscheid RL: Ulnar lengthening and shortening. Hand Clin 3: 69-79, 1987
60. Linscheid RL, Dobyns JH, Beabout JW, et al: Traumatic instability of the wrist. Diagnosis, classification, and pathomechanics. J Bone Joint Surg 54A: 1612-1632, 1972
61. Mack GR, Bosse MJ, Gelberman RH, et al: The natural history of scaphoid non-union. J Bone Joint Surg 66A: 504-509, 1984
62. Mayfield JK: Mechanism of carpal injuries. Clin Orthop 149: 45-54, 1980
63. Mayfield JK, Johnson RP, Kilcoyne RK: Carpal dislocations: Pathomechanics and progressive perilunar instability. J Hand Surg 5A: 226-241, 1980
64. McAuliffe JA, Dell PC, Jaffe R: Complications of intercarpal arthrodesis. J Hand Surg 18A: 1121-1128, 1993
65. McClain EJ, Boyes JH: Missed fractures of the greater multangular. J Bone Joint Surg 48A: 1525-1528, 1966
66. Metz VM, Mann FA, Gilula LA: Lack of correlation between site of wrist pain and location of noncommunicating defects shown by three-compartment wrist arthrography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160: 1239-1243, 1993
67. Murray PM, Cooney WP: Golf-induced injuries of the wrist. Clin Sports Med 15: 85-109, 1996
68. Nathan R, Blatt G: Rotary subluxation of the scaphoid. Revisited. Hand Clin 16: 417-431, 2000
69. Nelson DL, Manske PR, Pruitt DL, et al: Lunotriquetral arthrodesis. J Hand Surg 18A: 1113-1120, 1993
70. Neviaser RJ: Proximal row carpectomy for posttraumatic disorders of the carpus. J Hand Surg 8A: 301-305, 1983
71. Palmer AK: Triangular fibrocartilage disorders: Injury patterns and treatment. Arthroscopy 6: 125-132, 1990
72. Palmer AK, Werner FW: Biomechanics of the distal radioulnar joint. Clin Orthop 187: 26-35, 1984
73. Palmer AK, Werner FW: The triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist: Anatomy and function. J Hand Surg 6A: 153-162, 1981
74. Palmieri TJ: Pisiform area pain treatment by pisiform excision. J Hand Surg 7A: 477-480, 1982
75. Panagis JS, Gelberman RH, Taleisnik J, et al: The arterial anatomy of the human carpus. Part II: The intraosseous vascularity. J Hand Surg 8A: 375-382, 1983
76. Pappas AM, Morgan WJ, Schulz LA, et al: Wrist kinematics during pitching. A preliminary report. Am J Sports Med 23: 312-315, 1995
77. Parker RD, Berkowitz MS, Brahms MA, et al: Hook of the hamate fractures in athletes. Am J Sports Med 14: 517-523, 1986
78. Pederzini L, Luchetti R, Soragn O, et al: Evaluation of the triangular fibrocartilage complex tears by arthroscopy, arthrography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Arthroscopy 8: 191-197, 1992
79. Raab DJ, Fischer DA, Quick DC: Lunate and perilunate dislocations in professional football players. A five-year retrospective analysis. Am J Sports Med 22: 841-845, 1994
80. Rettig AC, Kollias SC: Internal fixation of acute stable scaphoid fractures in the athlete. Am J Sports Med 24: 182-186, 1996
81. Rettig AC, Patel DV: Epidemiology of elbow, forearm, and wrist injuries in the athlete. Clin Sports Med 14: 289-297, 1995
82. Rettig AC, Ryan RO, Stone JA: Epidemiology of hand injuries in sports, in Strickland JW, Rettig AC (eds): Hand Injuries in Athletes. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1992, pp 37-44
83. Rettig AC, Weidenbener EJ, Gloyeske R: Alternative management of midthird scaphoid fractures in the athlete. Am J Sports Med 22: 711-714, 1994
84. Rettig ME, Raskin KB, Melone CP Jr: Clinical applications of MR imaging in hand and wrist surgery. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 3: 361-368, 1995
85. Riester JN, Baker BE, Mosher JF, et al: A review of scaphoid fracture healing in competitive athletes. Am J Sports Med 13: 159-161, 1985
86. Rominger MB, Bernreuter WK, Kenney PJ, et al: MR imaging of anatomy and tears of wrist ligaments. Radiographics 13: 1233-1246, 1993
87. Ruby LK, Stinson J, Belsky MR: The natural history of scaphoid non-union: A review of fifty-five cases. J Bone Joint Surg 67A: 428-432, 1985
88. Ruch DS, Poehling GG: Arthroscopic management of partial scapholunate and lunotriquetral injuries of the wrist. J Hand Surg 21A: 412-417, 1996
89. Rüsse O: Fracture of the carpal navicular. Diagnosis, non-operative treatment, and operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg 42A: 759-768, 1960
90. Ryu JY, Cooney WP III, Askew JL, et al: Functional range of motion of the wrist joint. J Hand Surg 16: 409-419, 1991
91. Sanders WE: Evaluation of the humpback scaphoid by computed tomography in the longitudinal axial plane of the scaphoid. J Hand Surg 13A: 182-187, 1988
92. Schweitzer ME, Brahme SK, Hodler J, et al: Chronic wrist pain: Spinecho and short tau inversion recovery MR imaging and conventional and MR arthrography. Radiology 182: 205-211, 1992
93. Smith DK: Scapholunate interosseous ligament of the wrist: MR appearances in asymptomatic volunteers and arthrographically normal wrist. Radiology 192: 217-221, 1994
94. Smith DK, Snearly WN: Lunotriquetral interosseous ligament of the wrist: MR appearances in asymptomatic volunteers and arthrographically normal wrists. Radiology 191: 199-202, 1994
95. Stark HH, Jobe FW, Boyes JH, et al: Fracture of the hook of the hamate in athletes. J Bone Joint Surg 59A: 575-582, 1977
96. Stewart MJ: Fractures of the carpal navicular (scaphoid). A report of 436 cases. J Bone Joint Surg 36A: 998-1006, 1954
97. Totterman SM, Miller RJ: MR imaging of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 3: 213-228, 1995
98. Trumble TE, Bour CJ, Smith RJ, et al: Kinematics of the ulnar carpus related to the volar intercalated segment instability pattern. J Hand Surg 15A: 384-392, 1990
99. Trumble TE, Bour CJ, Smith RJ, et al: Intercarpal arthrodesis for static and dynamic palmar intercalated segment instability. J Hand Surg 13A: 396-402, 1988
100. Van Demark RE, Parke WW: Avascular necrosis of the hamate: A case report with reference to the hamate blood supply. J Hand Surg 17A: 1086-1090, 1992
101. Vender MI, Watson HK: Acquired Madelung-like deformity in a gymnast. J Hand Surg 13A: 19-21, 1988
102. Viegas SF, Patterson RM, Peterson PD, et al: Ulnar-sided perilunate instability: An anatomic and biomechanic study. J Hand Surg 15A: 268-278, 1990
103. Watson HK, Ashmead D IV, Makhlouf MV: Examination of the scaphoid. J Hand Surg 13A: 657-660, 1998
104. Watson HK, Ballet FL: The SLAC wrist: Scapholunate advanced collapse pattern of degenerative arthritis. J Hand Surg 9A: 358-365, 1984
105. Watson HK, Black DM: Instabilities of the wrist. Hand Clin 3: 103-111, 1987
106. Watson HK, Rogers WD: Nonunion of the hook of the hamate: An argument for bone grafting the nonunion. J Hand Surg 14A: 486-490, 1989
107. Weber ER, Chao EY: An experimental approach to the mechanism of scaphoid waist fractures. J Hand Surg 3A: 142-148, 1978
108. Whipple TL: The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of wrist injuries in the athlete. Clin Sports Med 17: 623-634, 1998
109. Williams J: Surgical management of traumatic non-infective tenosynovitis of the wrist extensors. J Bone Joint Surg 59B: 408-410, 1977
110. Zaidernberg C, Siebert JW, Angrigiana C: A new vascularized bone graft for scaphoid nonunion. J Hand Surg 16: 474-478, 1991