메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 367-395

Measuring the Meaning of Black Media Stereotypes and Their Relationship to the Racial Identity, Black History Knowledge, and Racial Socialization of African American Youth

Author keywords

Black adolescents; Black history; media stereotypes; racial identity; racial socialization

Indexed keywords


EID: 84902344131     PISSN: 00219347     EISSN: 15524566     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0021934714530396     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (63)

References (86)
  • 4
    • 0008349803 scopus 로고
    • An Examination of Television Motivations and Program Preferences by Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites
    • Albarran A. B.,Umphrey D.An Examination of Television Motivations and Program Preferences by Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites.Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media. 1993;37:.
    • (1993) Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , vol.37
    • Albarran, A.B.1    Umphrey, D.2
  • 5
    • 84925920992 scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and Mass Media Behavior: A Study of Blacks and Latinos
    • Allen R. L.,Clarke D. E.Ethnicity and Mass Media Behavior: A Study of Blacks and Latinos.Journal of Broadcasting. 1980;23:23-34.
    • (1980) Journal of Broadcasting , vol.23 , pp. 23-34
    • Allen, R.L.1    Clarke, D.E.2
  • 8
    • 84970725898 scopus 로고
    • Blacks' attitudes and behaviors toward television
    • Allen R. L.,Bielby W. T.Blacks' attitudes and behaviors toward television.Communication Research. 1979;6:437-462.
    • (1979) Communication Research , vol.6 , pp. 437-462
    • Allen, R.L.1    Bielby, W.T.2
  • 9
    • 84933494315 scopus 로고
    • Social structural factors, Black media and stereotypical self-characterization among African Americans
    • Allen R. L.,Thornton M. C.Social structural factors, Black media and stereotypical self-characterization among African Americans.National Journal of Sociology. 1992;5 (1): 41-75.
    • (1992) National Journal of Sociology , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-75
    • Allen, R.L.1    Thornton, M.C.2
  • 10
    • 51849136807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity Among Black Adolescent Girls: Genetic, Psychosocial, and Cultural Influences
    • Alleyne S. I.,LaPoint V.Obesity Among Black Adolescent Girls: Genetic, Psychosocial, and Cultural Influences.Journal of Black Psychology. 2004;30:344-365.
    • (2004) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 344-365
    • Alleyne, S.I.1    LaPoint, V.2
  • 11
    • 0002632744 scopus 로고
    • Adolescents' uses of media for self-socialization
    • Arnett J. J.Adolescents' uses of media for self-socialization.Journal of Youth & Adolescence. 1995;24 (5):.
    • (1995) Journal of Youth & Adolescence , vol.24 , Issue.5
    • Arnett, J.J.1
  • 12
    • 78149404016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vixen resistin': Redefining Black womanhood in hip-hop music videos
    • Balaji M.Vixen resistin': Redefining Black womanhood in hip-hop music videos.Journal of Black Studies. 2008;41:5-20.
    • (2008) Journal of Black Studies , vol.41 , pp. 5-20
    • Balaji, M.1
  • 13
    • 85050321130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do good girls have to be bad? The cultural industry's production of the other and the complexities of agency
    • Balaji M.Why do good girls have to be bad? The cultural industry's production of the other and the complexities of agency.Popular Communication: The International Journal of Media and Culture. 2009;7:225-236.
    • (2009) Popular Communication: The International Journal of Media and Culture , vol.7 , pp. 225-236
    • Balaji, M.1
  • 14
    • 42149095932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the Link Between Parental Racial Socialization Messages and Racial Ideology Among Black College Students
    • Barr S. C.,Neville H. A.Examination of the Link Between Parental Racial Socialization Messages and Racial Ideology Among Black College Students.Journal of Black Psychology. 2008;34 (2): 131-155.
    • (2008) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-155
    • Barr, S.C.1    Neville, H.A.2
  • 15
    • 37749012952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Socialization and Ethnic Identity: Do They Offer Protection Against Problem Behaviors for African American Youth?
    • Bennett M. D.Racial Socialization and Ethnic Identity: Do They Offer Protection Against Problem Behaviors for African American Youth?.Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 2007;15 (2/3): 137-161.
    • (2007) Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment , vol.15 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 137-161
    • Bennett, M.D.1
  • 19
    • 0032468249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black family life on television and the socialization of the African American child: Images of marginality
    • Berry G. L.Black family life on television and the socialization of the African American child: Images of marginality.Journal of Comparative Family Studies. 1998;29:233-242.
    • (1998) Journal of Comparative Family Studies , vol.29 , pp. 233-242
    • Berry, G.L.1
  • 20
    • 0034255642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicultural media portrayals and the changing demographic landscape: The psychosocial impact of television representations on the adolescent of color
    • Berry G. L.Multicultural media portrayals and the changing demographic landscape: The psychosocial impact of television representations on the adolescent of color.Journal of Adolescent Health, 27. 2000;:57-60.
    • (2000) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.27 , pp. 57-60
    • Berry, G.L.1
  • 21
    • 0010099018 scopus 로고
    • Anderson J. A., Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
    • Biocca F. A.Communication yearbook. Anderson J. A., ed. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; 1988:51-80.
    • (1988) Communication Yearbook , pp. 51-80
    • Biocca, F.A.1
  • 25
    • 0004109194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (4th ed.). New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group
    • Bogle D.Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies & Bucks: An interpretive history of Blacks in American films. 2001b). Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies & Bucks: An interpretive history of Blacks in American films (4th ed.). New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group.New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group; 2001b:.
    • (2001) Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies & Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films
    • Bogle, D.1
  • 26
    • 84870398262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child Trends National Adolescent Health Information Center
    • Brown B.,Marin P.Trends Child Research Brief. Child Trends National Adolescent Health Information Center; 2009:1-11.
    • (2009) Trends Child Research Brief , pp. 1-11
    • Brown, B.1    Marin, P.2
  • 28
    • 0036729061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of racial socialization practices on the cognitive and behavioral competence of African American preschoolers
    • Caughy M. O. B.,O'Campo P. J.,Randolph S. M.,Nickerson K.The influence of racial socialization practices on the cognitive and behavioral competence of African American preschoolers.Child Development. 2002;73:1611-1625.
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 1611-1625
    • Caughy, M.O.B.1    O'Campo, P.J.2    Randolph, S.M.3    Nickerson, K.4
  • 30
    • 0034148061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perpetuation of subtle prejudice: Race and gender imagery in 1990s television advertising
    • Coltrane S.,Messineo M.The perpetuation of subtle prejudice: Race and gender imagery in 1990s television advertising.Sex Roles. 2000;42:363-389.
    • (2000) Sex Roles , vol.42 , pp. 363-389
    • Coltrane, S.1    Messineo, M.2
  • 31
    • 3042796874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black adolescents' racial socialization experiences: Their relations to home, school, and peer self-esteem
    • Constantine M. G.,Blackmon S. K. M.Black adolescents' racial socialization experiences: Their relations to home, school, and peer self-esteem.Journal of Black Studies. 2002;32:322-335.
    • (2002) Journal of Black Studies , vol.32 , pp. 322-335
    • Constantine, M.G.1    Blackmon, S.K.M.2
  • 32
    • 33750199568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias: Evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior
    • David M. A.,Patricia G. D.Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias: Evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2006;91:652-661.
    • (2006) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 652-661
    • David, M.A.1    Patricia, G.D.2
  • 33
    • 33745641540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial socialization experiences and symptoms of depression among Black youth
    • Davis G. Y.,Stevenson H. C.Racial socialization experiences and symptoms of depression among Black youth.Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2006;15:303-317.
    • (2006) Journal of Child and Family Studies , vol.15 , pp. 303-317
    • Davis, G.Y.1    Stevenson, H.C.2
  • 34
    • 37349099403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Always Use Protection": Communication Boys Receive About Sex From Parents, Peers, and the Media
    • Epstein M.,Ward L."Always Use Protection": Communication Boys Receive About Sex From Parents, Peers, and the Media.Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2008;37 (2): 113-126.
    • (2008) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-126
    • Epstein, M.1    Ward, L.2
  • 36
    • 33745050398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black media images as a perceived threat to African American ethnic identity: Coping responses, perceived public perception, and attitudes towards affirmative action
    • Fujioka Y.Black media images as a perceived threat to African American ethnic identity: Coping responses, perceived public perception, and attitudes towards affirmative action.Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 2005;49:450-467.
    • (2005) Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , vol.49 , pp. 450-467
    • Fujioka, Y.1
  • 37
    • 14744269148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Identity, Media Use, and The Social Construction of Risk Among African Americans
    • Gandy O. H.Racial Identity, Media Use, and The Social Construction of Risk Among African Americans.Journal of Black Studies. 2001;31 (5): 600-618.
    • (2001) Journal of Black Studies , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 600-618
    • Gandy, O.H.1
  • 38
    • 84902346117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis
    • In GeorgeD.MalleryP. (Eds.), (10th ed.,). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.George D.Mallery P., Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
    • George D.,Mallery P.SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference 17.0 update. 2010). Factor analysis. In GeorgeD.MalleryP. (Eds.), SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference 17.0 update (10th ed., pp. 245-260). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.George D.Mallery P., ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon; 2010:245-260.
    • (2010) SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Study Guide and Reference 17.0 Update , pp. 245-260
    • George, D.1    Mallery, P.2
  • 39
    • 84985161716 scopus 로고
    • Living with television: The violence profile
    • Gerbner G.,Gross L.Living with television: The violence profile.Journal of Communication. 1976;26 (76):.
    • (1976) Journal of Communication , vol.26 , Issue.76
    • Gerbner, G.1    Gross, L.2
  • 40
    • 0002116451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultivation Analysis: An Overview
    • Gerbner G.Cultivation Analysis: An Overview.Mass Communication and Society. 1998;1 (3): 175-194.
    • (1998) Mass Communication and Society , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 175-194
    • Gerbner, G.1
  • 41
    • 0040857238 scopus 로고
    • Mass Media Socialization Behavior: Negro-White Differences
    • Gerson W. M.Mass Media Socialization Behavior: Negro-White Differences.Social Forces. 1966;45 (1): 40-50.
    • (1966) Social Forces , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-50
    • Gerson, W.M.1
  • 42
    • 49549121114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media contributions to African American girls' focus on beauty and appearance: Exploring the consequences of sexual objectification
    • Gordon M. K.Media contributions to African American girls' focus on beauty and appearance: Exploring the consequences of sexual objectification.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2008;32:245-256.
    • (2008) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.32 , pp. 245-256
    • Gordon, M.K.1
  • 44
    • 13744262062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Priming unconscious racial stereotypes about adolescent offenders
    • Graham S.,Lowery B. S.Priming unconscious racial stereotypes about adolescent offenders.Law and Behavior. 2004;28:483-504.
    • (2004) Law and Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 483-504
    • Graham, S.1    Lowery, B.S.2
  • 45
    • 11344293943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond self-concept and self-esteem: Racial identity and gifted African American students
    • Grantham T. C.,Ford D. Y.Beyond self-concept and self-esteem: Racial identity and gifted African American students.The High School Journal. 2003;87:18-29.
    • (2003) The High School Journal , vol.87 , pp. 18-29
    • Grantham, T.C.1    Ford, D.Y.2
  • 46
    • 0037890088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class, race and gender dimensions of child rearing in African American families
    • Hill S. A.Class, race and gender dimensions of child rearing in African American families.Journal of Black Studies. 2001;31:494-508.
    • (2001) Journal of Black Studies , vol.31 , pp. 494-508
    • Hill, S.A.1
  • 47
    • 0036973995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching and doing gender in African American families
    • Hill S. A.Teaching and doing gender in African American families.Sex Roles. 2002;47:493-506.
    • (2002) Sex Roles , vol.47 , pp. 493-506
    • Hill, S.A.1
  • 48
  • 50
    • 0014760897 scopus 로고
    • A critique of syndicated television and its effect on black people
    • Jefferson R. S.A critique of syndicated television and its effect on black people.Journal of the National Medical Association. 1970;62 (2): 122-128.
    • (1970) Journal of the National Medical Association , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-128
    • Jefferson, R.S.1
  • 51
    • 0142156996 scopus 로고
    • Television Uses and Gratifications Among Black Children, Teenagers, and Adults
    • Lee E. B.,Browne L. A.Television Uses and Gratifications Among Black Children, Teenagers, and Adults.Journal of Broadcasting. 1981;25 (203).
    • (1981) Journal of Broadcasting , vol.25 , Issue.203
    • Lee, E.B.1    Browne, L.A.2
  • 53
    • 10644221786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More symbol than substance: African American representation in network television dramas
    • Nama A.More symbol than substance: African American representation in network television dramas.Race and Society. 2003;6:21-28.
    • (2003) Race and Society , vol.6 , pp. 21-28
    • Nama, A.1
  • 54
    • 0034257265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black and White Girls' Racial Preferences in Media and Peer Choices and the Role of Socialization for Black Girls
    • O'Connor L. A.,Brooks-Gunn J.,Graber J.Black and White Girls' Racial Preferences in Media and Peer Choices and the Role of Socialization for Black Girls.Journal of Family Psychology. 2000;14 (3): 510-521.
    • (2000) Journal of Family Psychology , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 510-521
    • O'Connor, L.A.1    Brooks-Gunn, J.2    Graber, J.3
  • 55
    • 85050416164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hey Girl, Am I More than My Hair?: African American Women and Their Struggles with Beauty, Body Image, and Hair
    • Patton T. O.Hey Girl, Am I More than My Hair?: African American Women and Their Struggles with Beauty, Body Image, and Hair.NWSA Journal. 2006;18 (2): 24.
    • (2006) NWSA Journal , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 24
    • Patton, T.O.1
  • 57
    • 0003812006 scopus 로고
    • (Revised ed.). Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press
    • Rosenberg M.Society and the adolescent self-image. 1989). Society and the adolescent self-image (Revised ed.). Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press; 1989:.
    • (1989) Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
    • Rosenberg, M.1
  • 59
    • 57349187657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A measure of racial identity in African American adolescents: The development of the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity-Teen
    • Scottham K. M.,Sellers R. M.,Nguyên H. X.A measure of racial identity in African American adolescents: The development of the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity-Teen.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. 2008;14:297-306.
    • (2008) Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 297-306
    • Scottham, K.M.1    Sellers, R.M.2    Nguyên, H.X.3
  • 61
    • 33748993050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenomenology and Ecological Systems Theory: Development of Diverse Groups
    • In DamonW.LernerR. (Eds.), (6th ed.). New York: Wiley
    • Spencer M. B.Handbook of Child Psychology Theoretical Models of Human Development. 2006). Phenomenology and Ecological Systems Theory: Development of Diverse Groups. In DamonW.LernerR. (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology Theoretical Models of Human Development (6th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 829-893). New York: Wiley.Damon W.Lerner R., ed. New York: Wiley; 2006:829-893.
    • (2006) Handbook of Child Psychology Theoretical Models of Human Development , vol.1 , pp. 829-893
    • Spencer, M.B.1
  • 62
    • 84937274252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental Monitoring and Adolescents' Sense of Responsibility for Their Own Learning: An Examination of Sex Differences
    • Spencer M. B.,Dupree D.,Swanson D. P.,Cunningham M.Parental Monitoring and Adolescents' Sense of Responsibility for Their Own Learning: An Examination of Sex Differences.Journal of Negro Education, 65(1). 1996;:30-43.
    • (1996) Journal of Negro Education , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-43
    • Spencer, M.B.1    Dupree, D.2    Swanson, D.P.3    Cunningham, M.4
  • 63
    • 34848910397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media-based strategies to reduce racial stereotypes activated by news stories
    • Srividya R.Media-based strategies to reduce racial stereotypes activated by news stories.Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 2007;84:249-264.
    • (2007) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.84 , pp. 249-264
    • Srividya, R.1
  • 65
    • 84970223891 scopus 로고
    • Racial Socialization in African American Families: The Art of Balancing Intolerance and Survival
    • Stevenson H. C.Racial Socialization in African American Families: The Art of Balancing Intolerance and Survival.Family Journal. 1994;2 (3): 190-198.
    • (1994) Family Journal , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 190-198
    • Stevenson, H.C.1
  • 66
    • 84965740492 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of adolescent perceptions of racial socialization to racial identity
    • Stevenson H. C.Relationship of adolescent perceptions of racial socialization to racial identity.Journal of Black Psychology. 1995;21 (1): 49-70.
    • (1995) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-70
    • Stevenson, H.C.1
  • 68
    • 84902335066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The redesign of the Racial Socialization Scale for youth and parents: Cultural and Racial Experiences of Socialization (CARES)
    • Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
    • StevensonH. C.BentleyK. L. (2007). The redesign of the Racial Socialization Scale for youth and parents: Cultural and Racial Experiences of Socialization (CARES). Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
    • (2007)
    • Stevenson, H.C.1    Bentley, K.L.2
  • 69
    • 0141623682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the teenager experience of Racial Socialization Scale: Correlates of race-related socialization frequency from the perspective of Black youth
    • Stevenson H. C.,Cameron R.,Herrero-Taylor T.,Davis G. Y.Development of the teenager experience of Racial Socialization Scale: Correlates of race-related socialization frequency from the perspective of Black youth.Journal of Black Psychology. 2002;28:84-106.
    • (2002) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 84-106
    • Stevenson, H.C.1    Cameron, R.2    Herrero-Taylor, T.3    Davis, G.Y.4
  • 71
    • 77950577606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of media on children and adolescents
    • Strasburger V. C.,Jordan A. B.,Donnerstein E.Health effects of media on children and adolescents.Pediatrics. 2010;125:756-767.
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.125 , pp. 756-767
    • Strasburger, V.C.1    Jordan, A.B.2    Donnerstein, E.3
  • 72
    • 84928837270 scopus 로고
    • Television's Role in the Socialization of African American Children and Adolescents
    • Stroman C. A.Television's Role in the Socialization of African American Children and Adolescents.The Journal of Negro Education. 1991;60 (3): 314-327.
    • (1991) The Journal of Negro Education , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 314-327
    • Stroman, C.A.1
  • 73
    • 85055309860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the association between academic achievement and self-esteem in African American male youth in a community-outreach after-school program
    • Teasley M. L.,Lee E.Examining the association between academic achievement and self-esteem in African American male youth in a community-outreach after-school program.School Social Work Journal. 2006;30:64-81.
    • (2006) School Social Work Journal , vol.30 , pp. 64-81
    • Teasley, M.L.1    Lee, E.2
  • 74
    • 0000027733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Identity and Racial Socialization Attitudes of African American Parents
    • Thomas A. J.,Speight S. L.Racial Identity and Racial Socialization Attitudes of African American Parents.Journal of Black Psychology. 1999;25 (2): 152-170.
    • (1999) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 152-170
    • Thomas, A.J.1    Speight, S.L.2
  • 77
    • 33749825682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To Plead Our Own Cause": Public opinion toward Black and mainstream news media among African Americans
    • Vercellotti T.,Brewer P. R."To Plead Our Own Cause": Public opinion toward Black and mainstream news media among African Americans.Journal of Black Studies. 2006;37:231-250.
    • (2006) Journal of Black Studies , vol.37 , pp. 231-250
    • Vercellotti, T.1    Brewer, P.R.2
  • 78
    • 1442280752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wading through the stereotypes: Positive and negative associations between media use and Black adolescents' conceptions of self
    • Ward L. M.Wading through the stereotypes: Positive and negative associations between media use and Black adolescents' conceptions of self.Developmental Psychology. 2004;40:284-294.
    • (2004) Developmental Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 284-294
    • Ward, L.M.1
  • 79
    • 33748371808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncommonly good: Exploring how mass media may be a positive influence on young women's sexual health and development
    • Ward L. M.,Day K. M.,Epstein M.Uncommonly good: Exploring how mass media may be a positive influence on young women's sexual health and development.New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development. 2006;2006:57-70.
    • (2006) New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development , vol.2006 , pp. 57-70
    • Ward, L.M.1    Day, K.M.2    Epstein, M.3
  • 80
    • 14544267186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of music video exposure to Black adolescents' gender and sexual schemas
    • Ward L. M.,Hansbrough E.,Walker E.Contributions of music video exposure to Black adolescents' gender and sexual schemas.Journal of Adolescent Research. 2005;20:143-166.
    • (2005) Journal of Adolescent Research , vol.20 , pp. 143-166
    • Ward, L.M.1    Hansbrough, E.2    Walker, E.3
  • 82
    • 33845642590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breasts Are for Men: Media, Masculinity Ideologies, and Men's Beliefs About Women's Bodies
    • Ward L. M.,Merriwether A.,Caruthers A.Breasts Are for Men: Media, Masculinity Ideologies, and Men's Beliefs About Women's Bodies.Sex Roles. 2006;55 (9): 703-714.
    • (2006) Sex Roles , vol.55 , Issue.9 , pp. 703-714
    • Ward, L.M.1    Merriwether, A.2    Caruthers, A.3
  • 83
    • 0032858988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of Entertainment Television to Adolescents' Sexual Attitudes and Expectations: The Role of Viewing Amount Versus Viewer Involvement
    • Ward L. M.,Rivadeneyra R.Contributions of Entertainment Television to Adolescents' Sexual Attitudes and Expectations: The Role of Viewing Amount Versus Viewer Involvement.The Journal of Sex Research. 1999;36 (3): 237-249.
    • (1999) The Journal of Sex Research , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-249
    • Ward, L.M.1    Rivadeneyra, R.2
  • 85
    • 27644532697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black womanhood: Essence and its treatment of stereotypical images of Black women
    • Woodard J. B.,Mastin T.Black womanhood: Essence and its treatment of stereotypical images of Black women.Journal of Black Studies. 2005;36:264-281.
    • (2005) Journal of Black Studies , vol.36 , pp. 264-281
    • Woodard, J.B.1    Mastin, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.