Lower-body determinants of running economy in male and female distance runners

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1289-1297

  Barnes, Kyle R ^a,b   McGuigan, Michael R ^a   Kilding, Andrew E ^a  

^a AUCKLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (New Zealand)

^b GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Moment arm; Neuromuscular characteristics; Running; Running economy; Stiffness

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDON; ADOLESCENT; ARM; BIOMECHANICS; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMAN; KINETICS; LEG; MALE; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; RUNNING; SEX DIFFERENCE; YOUNG ADULT;

ACHILLES TENDON; ADOLESCENT; ARM; BIOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMANS; KINETICS; LEG; MALE; MOVEMENT; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RUNNING; SEX FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84902097017     PISSN: 10648011     EISSN: 15334295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000267     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Anderson, T. Biomechanics and running economy. Sports Med 22: 76-89, 1996.
2. Arampatzis, A, De Monte, G, Karamanidis, K, Morey-Klapsing, G, Stafilidis, S, and Bruggemann, GP. Influence of the muscle-tendon unit's mechanical and morphological properties on running economy. J Exp Biol 209: 3345-3357, 2006. (Pubitemid 44534272
3. Barnes, KR, Hopkins, WG, McGuigan, MR, Northuis, ME, and Kilding, AE. Effects of resistance training on running economy and cross-country performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013. In press.
4. Bhambani, Yand Singh, M. Metabolic and cinematographic analysis of walking and running in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 17: 131-137, 1985.
5. Bonacci, J, Chapman, A, Blanch, P, and Vicenzino, B. Neuromuscular adaptations to training, injury and passive interventions: Implications for running economy. Sports Med 39: 903-921, 2009.
6. Bransford, DR and Howley, ET. Oxygen cost of running in trained and untrained men and women. Med Sci Sports 9: 41-44, 1977. (Pubitemid 8106000
7. Brooks, GA, Fahey, TD, and White, TP. Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and its Applications. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1996.
8. Bunc, V and Heller, J. Energy cost of running in similarly trained men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol Occuo Physiol 59: 178-183, 1989. (Pubitemid 19233433
9. Cavagna, GA, Franzetti, P, Heglund, NC, and Willems, P. The determinants of the step frequency in running, trotting and hopping in man and other vertebrates. J Physiol 399: 81-92, 1988.
10. Cavagna, GA and Kaneko, M. Mechanical work and efficiency in level walking and running. J Physiol 268: 467-481, 1977. (Pubitemid 8103781
11. Cavagna, GA, Willems, PA, Franzetti, P, and Detrembleur, C. The two power limits conditioning step frequency in human running. J Physiol 437: 95-108, 1991.
12. Cavanagh, PR and Kram, R. The efficiency of human movement-A statement of the problem. Med Sci Sports Exerc 17: 304-308, 1985. (Pubitemid 15066587
13. Cavanagh, PR, Pollock, ML, and Landa, J. A biomechanical comparison of elite and good distance runners. Ann N Y Acad Sci 301: 328-345, 1977. (Pubitemid 8226227
14. Cavanagh, PR and Williams, KR. The effect of stride length variation on oxygen uptake during distance running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 14: 30-35, 1982. (Pubitemid 12118262
15. Conley, DL and Krahenbuhl, GS. Running economy and distance running performance of highly trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 12: 357-360, 1980. (Pubitemid 11173123
16. Dalleau, G, Belli, A, Bourdin, M, and Lacour, Jr. The spring-mass model and the energy cost of treadmill running. Eur J Appl Physiol Occuo Physiol 77: 257-263, 1998. (Pubitemid 28107795
17. Daniels, JT and Daniels, N. Running economy of elite male and elite female runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24: 483-489, 1992.
18. Daniels, JT, Krahenbuhl, G, Foster, C, Gilbert, J, and Daniels, S. Aerobic responses of female distance runners to submaximal and maximal exercise. Ann N Y Acad Sci 301: 726-733, 1977. (Pubitemid 8226137
19. Davies, CT and Thompson, MW. Aerobic performance of female marathon and male ultramarathon athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occuo Physiol 41: 233-245, 1979. (Pubitemid 10158181
20. Dumke, CL, Pfaffenroth, CM, McBride, JM, and McCauley, GO. Relationship between muscle strength, power and stiffness and running economy in trained male runners. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 5: 249-261, 2010.
21. Franklin, DW, Burdet, E, Osu, R, Kawato, M, and Milner, TE. Functional significance of stiffness in adaptation of multijoint arm movements to stable and unstable dynamics. Exp Brain Res 151: 145-157, 2003. (Pubitemid 36836522
22. Fukashiro, S, Noda, M, and Shibayama, A. In vivo determination of muscle viscoelasticity in the human leg. Acta Physiol Scand 172: 241-248, 2001.
23. Hoff, J, Helgerud, J, and Wisloff, U. Maximal strength training improves work economy in trained female cross-country skiers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31: 870-877, 1999. (Pubitemid 29262680
24. Hogberg, P. How do stride length and stride frequency influence the energy-output during running? Arbeitsphysiologie 14: 437-441, 1952.
25. Holloszy, JO, Rennie, MJ, Hickson, RC, Conlee, RK, and Hagberg, JM. Physiological consequences of the biochemical adaptations to endurance exercise. Ann N YAcad Sci 301: 440-450, 1977. (Pubitemid 8226235
26. Hopkins, P and Powers, SK. Oxygen uptake during submaximal running in highly trained men and women. Am Correct Ther J 36: 130-132, 1982. (Pubitemid 13225083
27. Hopkins, WG. A spreadsheet for deriving a confidence interval, mechanistic inference and clinical inference from a p value. Sportscience 11: 16-20, 2007.
28. Hopkins, WG. A spreadsheet to compare means of two groups. Sportscience 11: 22-23, 2007.
29. Hopkins, WG, Marshall, SW, Batterham, AM, and Hanin, J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41: 3-13, 2009.
30. Howley, ET and Glover, ME. The caloric costs of running and walking one mile for men and women. Med Sci Sports 6: 235-237, 1974.
31. Johnston, R, Quinn, T, Kertzer, R, and Vroman, N. Strength training in female distance runners: Impact on running economy. J Strength Cond Res 11: 224-229, 1997. (Pubitemid 127689036
32. Jung, AP. The impact of resistance training on distance running performance. Sports Med 33: 539-552, 2003. (Pubitemid 36718349
33. Kyrolainen, H, Belli, A, and Komi, PV. Biomechanical factors affecting running economy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33: 1330-1337, 2001. (Pubitemid 32729850
34. Lichtwark, GA andWilson, AM. Optimal muscle fascicle length and tendon stiffness for maximising gastrocnemius efficiency during human walking and running. J Theor Biol 252: 662-673, 2008.
35. Maughan, RJ and Leiper, JB. Aerobic capacity and fractional utilisation of aerobic capacity in elite and non-elite male and female marathon runners. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 52: 80-87, 1983. (Pubitemid 14245204
36. Mayhew, JL, Piper, FC, and Etheridge, GL. Oxygen cost and energy requirement of running in trained and untrained males and females. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 19: 39-44, 1979. (Pubitemid 9203054
37. McGuigan, MR, Doyle, TL, Newton, M, Edwards, DJ, Nimphius, S, and Newton, RU. Eccentric utilization ratio: Effect of sport and phase of training. J Strength Cond Res 20: 992-995, 2006.
38. Morgan, DW, Baldini, FD, Martin, PE, and Kohrt, WM. Ten kilometer performance and predicted velocity at VO2max among well-trained male runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 21: 78-83, 1989. (Pubitemid 19062852
39. Morgan, DW, Bransford, DR, Costill, DL, Daniels, JT, Howley, ET, and Krahenbuhl, GS. Variation in the aerobic demand of running among trained and untrained subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27: 404-409, 1995.
40. Morgan, DWand Craib, M. Physiological aspects of running economy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24: 456-461, 1992.
41. Morgan, DWand Martin, PE. Effects of stride length alteration on racewalking economy. Can J Appl Sport Sci 11: 211-217, 1986.
42. Morgan, D, Martin, P, Craib, M, Caruso, C, Clifton, R, and Hopewell, R. Effect of step length optimization on the aerobic demand of running. J Appl Physiol (1985) 77: 245-251, 1994.
43. Nummela, A, Keranen, T, and Mikkelsson, LO. Factors related to top running speed and economy. Int J Sports Med 28: 655-661, 2007. (Pubitemid 47305272
44. Nummela, AT, Heath, KA, Paavolainen, LM, Lambert, MI, St Clair Gibson, A, Rusko, HK, and Noakes, TD. Fatigue during a 5-km running time trial. Int J Sports Med 29: 738-745, 2008.
45. Osteras, H, Helgerud, J, and Hoff, J. Maximal strength-training effects on force-velocity and force-power relationships explain increases in aerobic performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 88: 255-263, 2002. (Pubitemid 40824220
46. Paavolainen, L, Häkkinen, K, Hamalainen, I, Nummela, A, and Rusko, H. Explosive-strength training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscle power. J Appl Physiol (1985) 86: 1527-1533, 1999.
47. Paavolainen, L, Nummela, A, Rusko, H, and Häkkinen, K. Neuromuscular characteristics and fatigue during 10 km running. Int J Sports Med 20: 516-521, 1999.
48. Paavolainen, LM, Nummela, AT, and Rusko, HK. Neuromuscular characteristics and muscle power as determinants of 5-km running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31: 124-130, 1999. (Pubitemid 29036369
49. Pate, RR, Macera, CA, Bailey, SP, Bartoli, WP, and Powell, KE. Physiological, anthropometric, and training correlates of running economy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24: 1128-1133, 1992.
50. Raichlen, DA, Armstrong, H, and Lieberman, DE. Calcaneus length determines running economy: Implications for endurance running performance in modern humans and Neandertals. J Hum Evol 60: 299-308, 2011.
51. Saunders, PU, Pyne, DB, Telford, RD, and Hawley, JA. Factors affecting running economy in trained distance runners. Sports Med 34: 465-485, 2004. (Pubitemid 38951799
52. Scholz, MN, Bobbert, MF, van Soest, AJ, Clark, JR, and van Heerden, J. Running biomechanics: Shorter heels, better economy. J Exp Biol 211: 3266-3271, 2008.
53. Spurrs, RW, Murphy, AJ, and Watsford, ML. The effect of plyometric training on distance running performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 89: 1-7, 2003. (Pubitemid 36748707
54. Williams, KR and Cavanagh, PR. Relationship between distance running mechanics, running economy, and performance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 63: 1236-1245, 1987.
55. Williams, KR, Cavanagh, PR, and Ziff, JL. Biomechanical studies of elite female distance runners. Int J Sports Med 8(Suppl 2): 107-118, 1987. (Pubitemid 17164158)