The initiation and developing mechanisms of central pacific el niños

Journal of Climate

Volumn 27, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 4473-4485

  Su, Jingzhi ^a   Li, Tim ^b   Zhang, Renhe ^a  

^a STATE KEY LABORATORY OF SEVERE WEATHER   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmosphere ocean interaction, El Nino, ENSO, La Nina

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; OCEAN CURRENTS; SUN;

ATMOSPHERIC REANALYSIS DATA; EL NINO; HEAT BUDGET ANALYSIS; INITIATION MECHANISM; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATIONS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST); SURFACE HEAT FLUXES; SURFACE WIND STRESS;

STREAM FLOW;

ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN COUPLING; EL NINO; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; LA NINA; LATENT HEAT FLUX; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOLAR RADIATION; TEMPERATURE ANOMALY;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (CENTRAL);

EID: 84902094520     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00640.1     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Adler, R. F., and Coauthors, 2003: The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1147-1167, doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004,1147:TVGPCP.2.0.CO;2.
2. Ashok, K., S. K. Behera, S. A. Rao, H. Weng, and T. Yamagata, 2007: El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C11007, doi:10.1029/2006JC003798.
3. Balmaseda, M. A., K. Mogensen, and A. T. Weaver, 2013: Evaluation of the ECMWF ocean reanalysis system ORAS4. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139, 1132-1161, doi:10.1002/qj.2063.
4. Capotondi, A., M. A. Alexander, C. Deser, and M. J. McPhaden, 2005: Anatomy and decadal evolution of the Pacific subtropical-tropical cells (STCs). J. Climate, 18, 3739-3758, doi:10.1175/JCLI3496.1.
5. Carton, J. A., and B. S. Giese, 2008: A reanalysis of ocean climate using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA). Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2999-3017, doi:10.1175/2007MWR1978.1.
6. Chen, G., and C. Y. Tam, 2010: Different impacts of two kinds of Pacific Ocean warming on tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01803, doi:10.1029/2009GL041708.
7. Chung, P.-H., and T. Li, 2013: Interdecadal relationship between the mean state and El Niño types. J. Climate, 26, 361-379, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00106.1.
8. Chung, P.-H., and T. Li, 2014: Characteristics of tropical cyclone genesis in the western North Pacific during the developing and decaying phases of two types of El Niño. J. Trop. Meteor., in press.
9. Fu, C., H. F. Diaz, and J. O. Fletcher, 1986: Characteristics of the response of sea surface temperature in the central Pacific associated with warm episodes of the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1716-1739, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114,1716:COTROS.2.0.CO;2.
10. Hong, C.-C., Y.-H. Li, T. Li, and M.-Y. Lee, 2011: Impacts of central Pacific and eastern Pacific El Niños on tropical cyclone tracks over the western North Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16712, doi:10.1029/2011GL048821.
11. Jin, F.-F., 1997: An equatorial ocean recharge paradigm for ENSO. Part I: Conceptual model. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 811-829, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054,0811:AEORPF.2.0.CO;2.
12. Kanamitsu, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, S.-K. Yang, J. J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, and G. L. Potter, 2002: NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1631-1643, doi:10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631.
13. Kao, H.-Y., and J.-Y. Yu, 2009: Contrasting eastern Pacific and central Pacific types of ENSO. J. Climate, 22, 615-632, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2309.1.
14. Kug, J.-S., F.-F. Jin, and S.-I. An, 2009: Two types of El Niño events: Cold tongue El Niño and warm pool El Niño. J. Climate, 22, 1499-1515, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2624.1.
15. Li, T., 1997: Phase transition of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation:A stationary SST mode. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2872-2887, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054,2872:PTOTEN.2.0.CO;2.
16. Liebmann, B., and C. A. Smith, 1996: Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1275-1277.
17. Ramesh, N., and R. Murtugudde, 2013: All flavours of El Niño have similar early subsurface origins. Nat. Climate Change, 3, 42-46, doi:10.1038/nclimate1600.
18. Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Rowell, E. C. Kent, and A. Kaplan, 2003: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
19. Saha, S., and Coauthors, 2006: The NCEP Climate Forecast System. J. Climate, 19, 3483-3517, doi:10.1175/JCLI3812.1.
20. Su, J., R. Zhang, T. Li, X. Rong, J.-S. Kug, and C.-C. Hong, 2010:Causes of the El Niño and La Ni~na amplitude asymmetry in the equatorial eastern Pacific. J. Climate, 23, 605-617, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2894.1.
21. Suarez, M. J., and P. S. Schopf, 1988: A delayed action oscillator for ENSO. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3283-3287, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045,3283:ADAOFE.2.0.CO;2.
22. Trenberth, K. E., and D. P. Stepaniak, 2001: Indices of El Niño evolution. J. Climate, 14, 1697-1701, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014,1697:LIOENO.2.0.CO;2.
23. Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 Re-Analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012, doi:10.1256/qj.04.176.
24. Vimont, D. J., J. M. Wallace, and D. S. Battisti, 2003: The seasonal footprinting mechanism in the Pacific: Implications for ENSO. J. Climate, 16, 2668-2675, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016,2668:TSFMIT.2.0.CO;2.
25. Wang, C., and X. Wang, 2013: Classifying El Niño Modoki I and II by different impacts on rainfall in the southern China and typhoon tracks. J. Climate, 26, 1322-1338, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00107.1.
26. Xiang, B., B. Wang, and T. Li, 2013: A new paradigm for the predominance of standing central Pacific warming after the late 1990s. Climate Dyn., 41, 327-340, doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1427-8.
27. Yu, J.-Y., H.-Y. Kao, and T. Lee, 2010: Subtropics-related interannual sea surface temperature variability in the central equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 23, 2869-2884, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3171.1.
28. Yu, L., X. Jin, and R. A. Weller, 2008: Multidecade global flux datasets from the Objectively Analyzed Air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux) Project: Latent and sensible heat fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surface meteorological variables. WHOI Rep. OA-2008-1, WoodsHoleOceanographic Institution, 64 pp.
29. Zhang, R. H., and L. M. Rothstein, 2000: Role of off-equatorial subsurface anomalies in initiating the 1991-1992 El Niño as revealed by the NCEP ocean reanalysis data. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6327-6339, doi:10.1029/1999JC900316.