Wind-driven coastal sea level variability in the northeast pacific

Journal of Climate

Volumn 27, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 4733-4751

  Thompson, Philip R ^a   Merrifield, Mark A ^a   Wells, Judith R ^a   Chang, Chantel M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

Southern Oscillation, Sea level

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; COASTAL ENGINEERING; SEA LEVEL; TIME SERIES;

COASTAL SEA LEVEL; EQUATORIAL FORCING; EQUATORIAL WINDS; OCEANIC ADJUSTMENT; RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION; SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS; SEALEVEL CHANGE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION;

WIND STRESS;

COASTAL ZONE; REGRESSION; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; TIME SERIES; WIND STRESS;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (NORTHEAST);

EID: 84902089835     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00225.1     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Alexander, M. A., I. Bladé, M. Newman, J. R. Lanzante, N.-C. Lau, and J. D. Scott, 2002: The atmospheric bridge: The influence of ENSO teleconnections on air-sea interaction over the global oceans. J. Climate, 15, 2205-2231, doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0442(2002)015,2205: TABTIO.2.0.CO; 2.
2. Allan, R. P., and T. Ansell, 2006: Anew globally complete monthly historical gridded mean sea level pressure dataset (HadSLP2): 1850-2004. J. Climate, 19, 5816-5842, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3937.1.
3. Becker, M., B. Meyssignac, C. Letetrel, W. Llovel, A. Cazenave, and T. Delcroix, 2012: Sea level variations at tropical Pacific islands since 1950. Global Planet. Change, 80-81, 85-98, doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.09.004.
4. Biondi, F., A. Gershunov, and D. R. Cayan, 2001: North Pacific decadal climate variability since 1661. J. Climate, 14, 5-10, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014,0005: NPDCVS.2.0.CO; 2.
5. Bjerknes, J., 1966: A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperature. Tellus, 18, 820-829, doi: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1966.tb00303.x.
6. Bromirski, P. D., A. J. Miller, R. E. Flick, and G. Auad, 2011: Dynamical suppression of sea level rise along the Pacific coast of North America: Indications for imminent acceleration. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C07005, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006759.
7. Carton, J. A., 2005: Sea level rise and the warming of the oceans in the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) ocean reanalysis. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C09006, doi: 10.1029/2004JC002817.
8. Cazenave, A., and R. S. Nerem, 2004: Present-day sea level change: Observations and causes. Rev. Geophys., 42, RG3001, doi: 10.1029/2003RG000139.
9. Chambers, D. P., C. A. Mehlhaff, T. J. Urban, D. Fujii, and R. S. Nerem, 2002: Low-frequency variations in global mean sea level: 1950-2000. J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi: 10.1029/ 2001JC001089.
10. Chambers, D. P., M. A. Merrifield, and R. S. Nerem, 2012: Is there a 60-year oscillation in global mean sea level? Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18607, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052885.
11. Chelton, D. B., and R. E. Davis, 1982: Monthly mean sea-level variability along the west coast of North America. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 757-784, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1982)012,0757: MMSLVA.2.0.CO; 2.
12. Church, J. A., and N. J. White, 2011: Sea-level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surv. Geophys., 32, 585-602, doi: 10.1007/s10712-011-9119-1.
13. Church, J. A., R. Coleman, K. Lambeck, and J. X. Mitrovica, 2004: Estimates of the regional distribution of sea level rise over the 1950-2000 period. J. Climate, 17, 2609-2625, doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0442(2004)017,2609: EOTRDO.2.0.CO; 2.
14. Clarke, A. J., 1992: Low-frequency reflection from a nonmeridional eastern ocean boundary and the use of coastal sea level to monitor eastern Pacific equatorial Kelvin waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 163-183, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022,0163: LFRFAN.2.0.CO; 2.
15. Clarke, A. J., and A. Lebedev, 1996: Long-term changes in the equatorial Pacific trade winds. J. Climate, 9, 1020-1029, doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0442(1996)009,1020: LTCITE.2.0.CO; 2.
16. Clarke, A. J., and A. Lebedev, 1997: Interannual and decadal changes in equatorial wind stress in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the eastern ocean coastal response. J. Climate, 10, 1722-1729, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010,1722: IADCIE.2.0.CO; 2.
17. Clarke, A. J., and A. Lebedev, 1999: Remotely driven decadal and longer changes in the coastal Pacific waters of the Americas. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 828-835, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029,0828: RDDALC.2.0.CO; 2.
18. Cummins, P. F., and G. S. E. Lagerloef, 2002: Low-frequency pycnocline depth variability at Ocean Weather Station P in the northeast Pacific. J. Phys.Oceanogr., 32, 3207-3215, doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0485(2002)032,3207: LFPDVA.2.0.CO; 2.
19. Cummins, P. F., and G. T. Mitchum, 2005: Aregional index of northeast Pacific variability based on satellite altimeter data. J. Geophys. Res., 32, L17607, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023642.
20. Deser, C., and M. L. Blackmon, 1995: On the relationship between tropical and North Pacific sea surface temperature variations. J. Climate, 8, 1677-1680, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008,1677: OTRBTA.2.0.CO; 2.
21. Di Lorenzo, E., and Coauthors, 2008: North Pacific Gyre Oscillation links ocean climate and ecosystem change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08607, doi: 10.1029/2007GL032838.
22. Douglas, B. C., 1992: Global sea level acceleration. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12 699-12 706, doi: 10.1029/92JC01133.
23. Douglas, B. C., 1997: Global sea rise: A redetermination. Surv. Geophys., 18, 279-292, doi: 10.1023/A: 1006544227856.
24. Emery, W. J., and K. Hamilton, 1985: Atmospheric forcing of interannual variability in the northeast Pacific Ocean: Connections with El Niñ o. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 857-868, doi: 10.1029/JC090iC01p00857.
25. Enfield, D. B., and J. S. Allen, 1980: On the structure and dynamics of monthly mean sea level anomalies along the Pacific coast of North and South America. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 557-578, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1980)010,0557: OTSADO.2.0.CO; 2.
26. Feng, M., Y. Li, and G. Meyers, 2004: Multidecadal variations of Fremantle sea level: Footprint of climate variability in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16302, doi: 10.1029/ 2004GL019947.
27. Feng, M., M. J. McPhaden, and T. Lee, 2010: Decadal variability of the Pacific subtropical cells and their influence on the southeast Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L09606, doi: 10.1029/ 2010GL042796.
28. Feng, M., C. Bö ning, A. Biastoch, E. Behrens, E. Weller, and Y. Masumoto, 2011: The reversal of the multi-decadal trends of the equatorial Pacific easterly winds, and the Indonesian Throughflow and Leeuwin Current transports. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11604, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047291.
29. Fu, L. L., and B. Qiu, 2002: Low-frequency variability of the North Pacific Ocean: The roles of boundary-and wind-driven baroclinic Rossby waves. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3220, doi: 10.1029/ 2001JC001131.
30. Hamlington, B. D., R. R. Leben, R. S. Nerem, W. Han, and K.-Y. Kim, 2011: Reconstructing sea level using cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C12015, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007529.
31. Hamlington, B. D., L. A. Wright, and K. Y. Kim, 2012: Regional sea level reconstruction in the Pacific Ocean. Mar. Geod., 35 (Suppl.), 98-117, doi: 10.1080/01490419.2012.718210.
32. Hermann, A. J., E. N. Curchitser, D. B. Haidvogel, and E. L. Dobbins, 2009: A comparison of remote vs. local influence of El Niño on the coastal circulation of the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 56, 2427-2443, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.02.005.
33. Houston, J. R., and R. G. Dean, 2011: Sea-level acceleration based on U.S. tide gauges and extensions of previous globalgauge analyses. J. Coastal Res., 27, 409-417, doi: 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-10-00157.1.
34. Jevrejeva, S., A. Grinsted, J. C. Moore, and S. J. Holgate, 2006: Nonlinear trends and multiyear cycles in sea level records. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C09012, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003229.
35. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077,0437: TNYRP.2.0.CO; 2.
36. Kessler, W. S., M. J. McPhaden, and K. M. Weickmann, 1995: Forcing of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 10 613-10 631, doi: 10.1029/ 95JC00382.
37. Köhl, A., D. Stammer, and B. D. Cornuelle, 2007: Interannual to decadal changes in the ECCO global synthesis. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 313-337, doi: 10.1175/JPO3014.1.
38. Lagerloef, G. S. E., 1995: Interdecadal variations in the Alaska Gyre. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2242-2258, doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0485(1995)025,2242: IVITAG.2.0.CO; 2.
39. Lambeck, K., 2002: Sea level change from mid Holocene to recent time: An Australian example with global implications. Ice Sheets, Sea Level and the Dynamic Earth, J. X. Mitrovica and B. L. A. Vermeersen, Eds., Amer. Geophys. Union, 33-50.
40. Li, B., and A. J. Clarke, 1994: An examination of some ENSO mechanisms using interannual sea level at the eastern and western equatorial boundaries and the zonally averaged equatorial wind. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 681-690, doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0485(1994)024,0681: AEOSEM.2.0.CO; 2.
41. Lyman, J. M., and G. C. Johnson, 2008: Equatorial Kelvin wave influences may reach the Bering Sea during 2002 to 2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14607, doi: 10.1029/2008GL034761.
42. Mantua, N. J., S. R. Hare, Y. Zhang, and J. M. Wallace, 1997: A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 1069-1079, doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0477(1997)078,1069: APICOW.2.0.CO; 2.
43. McGregor, S., A. S. Gupta, and M. H. England, 2012: Constraining wind stress products with sea surface height observations and implications for Pacific Ocean sea level trend attribution. J. Climate, 25, 8164-8176, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00105.1.
44. Merrifield, M. A., 1992: A comparison of long coastal-trapped wave theory with remote-storm-generated wave events in the Gulf of California. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 5-18, doi: 10.1175/ 1520-0485(1992)022,0005: ACOLCT.2.0.CO; 2.
45. Merrifield, M. A., 2011: A shift in western tropical Pacific sea level trends during the 1990s. J. Climate, 24, 4126-4138, doi: 10.1175/ 2011JCLI3932.1.
46. Merrifield, M. A., and M. E. Maltrud, 2011: Regional sea level trends due to a Pacific trade wind intensification. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21605, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049576.
47. Merrifield, M. A., S. T. Merrifield, and G. T. Mitchum, 2009: An anomalous recent acceleration of global sea level rise. J. Climate, 22, 5772-5781, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI2985.1.
48. Merrifield, M. A.,P.R. Thompson, and M. Lander, 2012: Multidecadal sea level anomalies and trends in the western tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L13602, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052032.
49. Meyers, S. D., A. Melsom, G. T. Mitchum, and J. J. O'Brien, 1998: Detection of the fast Kelvin wave teleconnection due to El Niñ o-Southern Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 27 655-27 663, doi: 10.1029/98JC02402.
50. Meyssignac, B., M. Becker, W. Llovel, and A. Cazenave, 2012: An assessment of two-dimensional past sea level reconstructions over 1950-2009 based on tide-gauge data and different input sea level grids. Surv. Geophys., 33, 945-972, doi: 10.1007/ s10712-011-9171-x.
51. Miller, L., and B. C. Douglas, 2007: Gyre-scale atmospheric pressure variations and their relation to 19th and 20th century sea level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16602, doi: 10.1029/ 2007GL030862.
52. Nerem, R. S., D. P. Chambers, C. Choe, and G. T. Mitchum, 2010: Estimating mean sea level change from the TOPEX and Jason altimeter missions. Mar. Geod., 33 (Suppl.), 435-446, doi: 10.1080/01490419.2010.491031.
53. Newman, M., G. P. Compo, and M. A. Alexander, 2003: ENSOforced variability of the Pacific decadal oscillation. J. Climate, 16, 3853-3857, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016,3853: EVOTPD.2.0.CO; 2.
54. Pariwono, J. I., J. A. T. Bye, and G. W. Lennon, 1986: Long-period variations of sea-level in Australasia. Geophys. J. Int., 87, 43-54, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04545.x.
55. Rahmstorf, S., and M. Vermeer, 2011: Discussion of: Houston, J.R. and Dean, R.G., 2011. Sea-level acceleration based on U.S. tide gauges and extensions of previous global-gauge analyses. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(3), 409-417. J. Coastal Res., 27, 784-787, doi: 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00082.1.
56. Ramp, S.R., J. L.McClean,C. A. Collins,A. J. Semtner, andK.A. S. Hays, 1997: Observations and modeling of the 1991-1992 El Niño signal off central California. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5553-5582, doi: 10.1029/96JC03050.
57. Ray, R. D., and B. C. Douglas, 2011: Experiments in reconstructing twentieth-century sea levels. Prog. Oceanogr., 91, 496-515, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.07.021.
58. Ryan, H., and M. Noble, 2007: Sea level fluctuations in central California at subtidal to decadal and longer time scales with implications for San Francisco Bay, California. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci., 73, 538-550, doi: 10.1016/ j.ecss.2007.02.009.
59. Schneider, N., and B. D. Cornuelle, 2005: The forcing of the Pacific decadal oscillation. J. Climate, 18, 4355-4373, doi: 10.1175/JCLI3527.1.
60. Strub, P. T., and C. James, 2002: The 1997-1998 oceanic El Niñ o signal along the southeast and northeast Pacific boundaries an altimetric view. Prog. Oceanogr., 54, 439-458, doi: 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00063-0.
61. Timmermann, A., S. McGregor, and F.-F. Jin, 2010: Wind effects on past and future regional sea level trends in the southern Indo-Pacific. J. Climate, 23, 4429-4437, doi: 10.1175/ 2010JCLI3519.1.
62. Trenberth, K. E., 1997: The definition of El Niñ o. Bull.Amer.Meteor. Soc., 78, 2771-2777, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078,2771: TDOENO.2.0.CO; 2.
63. Trenberth, K. E., and J. W. Hurrell, 1994: Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Climate Dyn., 9, 303-319, doi: 10.1007/BF00204745.
64. Wang, J., R. Cheng, and P. Smith, 1997: Seasonal sea-level variations in San Francisco Bay in response to atmospheric forcing, 1980. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci., 45, 39-52, doi: 10.1006/ ecss.1996.0162.
65. Willis, J. K., D. Roemmich, and B. D. Cornuelle, 2004: Interannual variability in upper ocean heat content, temperature, and thermosteric expansion on global scales. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12036, doi: 10.1029/2003JC002260.
66. Wyrtki, K., 1975: El Niñ o-The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 572-584, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1975)005,0572: ENTDRO.2.0.CO; 2.
67. Zhang, X., and J. A. Church, 2012: Sea level trends, interannual and decadal variability in the Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L21701, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053240.
68. Zhang, Y., J. M. Wallace, and D. S. Battisti, 1997: ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900-93. J. Climate, 10, 1004-1020, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010,1004: ELIV.2.0.CO; 2.
69. Zhao, H., and G. W. K. Moore, 2009: Temporal variability in the expression of the Arctic Oscillation in the North Pacific. J. Climate, 22, 3110-3126, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2611.1.