메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1360-1418

Long-term trends of organic carbon concentrations in freshwaters: Strengths and weaknesses of existing evidence

Author keywords

Dissolved organic carbon; DOC; Freshwaters; Lakes; Organic carbon; Rivers; Temporal trends; Time series analysis

Indexed keywords

LAKES; ORGANIC CARBON; RIVERS; STREAM FLOW;

EID: 84902007533     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20734441     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/w6051360     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (40)

References (112)
  • 1
    • 0036707072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net ecosystem production: A comprehensive measure of net carbon accumulation by ecosystems
    • Randerson, J.T.; Chapin, III F.S.; Harden, J.W.; Neff, J.C.; Harmon, M.E. Net ecosystem production: A comprehensive measure of net carbon accumulation by ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 2002, 12, 937-947.
    • (2002) Ecol. Appl. , vol.12 , pp. 937-947
    • Randerson, J.T.1    Chapin III, F.S.2    Harden, J.W.3    Neff, J.C.4    Harmon, M.E.5
  • 3
    • 34249698239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns and regulation of dissolved organic carbon: An analysis of 7,500 widely distributed lakes
    • Sobek, S.; Tranvik, L.J.; Prairie, Y.T.; Kortelainen, P.; Cole, J.J. Patterns and regulation of dissolved organic carbon: An analysis of 7,500 widely distributed lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2007, 52, 1208-1219.
    • (2007) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.52 , pp. 1208-1219
    • Sobek, S.1    Tranvik, L.J.2    Prairie, Y.T.3    Kortelainen, P.4    Cole, J.J.5
  • 4
    • 70349400830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humic substances-part 7: The biogeochemistry of dissolved organic carbon and its interactions with climate change
    • Porcal, P.; Koprivnjak, J.-F.; Molot, L.A.; Dillon, P.J. Humic substances-part 7: The biogeochemistry of dissolved organic carbon and its interactions with climate change. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2009, 16, 714-726.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 714-726
    • Porcal, P.1    Koprivnjak, J.-F.2    Molot, L.A.3    Dillon, P.J.4
  • 5
    • 77955062700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear response of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in boreal lakes to increasing temperatures
    • Weyhenmeyer, G.A.; Karlsson, J. Nonlinear response of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in boreal lakes to increasing temperatures. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2009, 54, 2513-2519.
    • (2009) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.54 , pp. 2513-2519
    • Weyhenmeyer, G.A.1    Karlsson, J.2
  • 6
    • 84861460949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing dissolved organic carbon concentrations in freshwaters: what is the actual driver?
    • Sucker, C.; Krause, K. Increasing dissolved organic carbon concentrations in freshwaters: what is the actual driver? iForest 2010, 3, 106-108.
    • (2010) iForest , vol.3 , pp. 106-108
    • Sucker, C.1    Krause, K.2
  • 7
    • 68149144251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How citation distortions create unfounded authority: analysis of a citation network
    • doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2680
    • Greenberg, S.A. How citation distortions create unfounded authority: analysis of a citation network. Br. Med. J. 2009, 339, doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2680.
    • (2009) Br. Med. J. , vol.339
    • Greenberg, S.A.1
  • 9
    • 84856991459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 15-Year Report: Assessment and Monitoring of Surface Waters in Europe and North America
    • Acidification and Recovery, Dynamic Modeling and Heavy Metals; ICP Waters Report 73/2003; Norwegian Institute for Water Research: Oslo, Norway
    • Skjelkvåle, B.L. The 15-Year Report: Assessment and Monitoring of Surface Waters in Europe and North America; Acidification and Recovery, Dynamic Modeling and Heavy Metals; ICP Waters Report 73/2003; Norwegian Institute for Water Research: Oslo, Norway, 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Skjelkvåle, B.L.1
  • 10
    • 0037581763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of Surface Water Chemistry to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
    • Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development: Washington, DC, USA
    • Stoddard, J.L.; Kahl, J.S.; Deviney, F.A.; DeWalle, D.R.; Driscoll, C.T.; Herlihy, A.T.; Kellogg, J.H.; Murdoch, P.S.; Webb, J.R.; Webster, K.E. Response of Surface Water Chemistry to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development: Washington, DC, USA, 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Stoddard, J.L.1    Kahl, J.S.2    Deviney, F.A.3    DeWalle, D.R.4    Driscoll, C.T.5    Herlihy, A.T.6    Kellogg, J.H.7    Murdoch, P.S.8    Webb, J.R.9    Webster, K.E.10
  • 11
    • 84902001803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollution des Captages d'Eau Brute de Bretagne par les Matières Organiques
    • Rapport de Synthèse Tableau de Bord de la Pollution Causes Possibles Recommandations, Available online, accessed on 24 March 2014
    • Gruau, G.; Birgand, F.; Jarde, E.; Novince, E. Pollution des Captages d'Eau Brute de Bretagne par les Matières Organiques. Rapport de Synthèse Tableau de Bord de la Pollution Causes Possibles Recommandations, 2004. Available online: http://www.observatoire-eau-bretagne.fr/Media/Documentation/Bibliographies/Pollution-des-captages-d-eau-brute-de-Bretagne-par-lesmatieres-organiques-Rapport-de-synthese.-Tableau-de-bord-de-la-pollution.-Causes-possibles.-Recommandations (accessed on 24 March 2014).
    • (2004)
    • Gruau, G.1    Birgand, F.2    Jarde, E.3    Novince, E.4
  • 12
    • 84902001804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollution des Captages Superficiels d'Eau Brute des Pays de Loire par les Matières Organiques
    • Variabilité Spatiale Tendances Evolutives Causes Possibles et Recommandations. Comparaison avec le Cas de la Bretagne, 2010. Available online, accessed on 23 March
    • Monchy, A.; Gruau, G. Pollution des Captages Superficiels d'Eau Brute des Pays de Loire par les Matières Organiques. Variabilité Spatiale Tendances Evolutives Causes Possibles et Recommandations. Comparaison avec le Cas de la Bretagne, 2010. Available online: http://halinsu. archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/57/81/09/PDF/PL02451.pdf (accessed on 23 March 2014).
    • (2014)
    • Monchy, A.1    Gruau, G.2
  • 13
    • 84902001805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NADUD-Thematische Auswertung der Messresultate 1974 bis 1998
    • Schriftenreihe der EAWAG No. 18; Eidgenössische Anstalt für Wasserversorgung, Abwasserreinigung und Gewässerschutz (EAWAG): Dübendorf, Switzerland, 2004, Available online, accessed on 9 May
    • Zobrist, J.; Sigg, L.; Schoenenberger, U. NADUD-Thematische Auswertung der Messresultate 1974 bis 1998; Schriftenreihe der EAWAG No. 18; Eidgenössische Anstalt für Wasserversorgung, Abwasserreinigung und Gewässerschutz (EAWAG): Dübendorf, Switzerland, 2004; Available online: http://library.eawag-empa.ch/schriftenreihe/schriftenreihe_18.pdf (accessed on 9 May 2014).
    • (2014)
    • Zobrist, J.1    Sigg, L.2    Schoenenberger, U.3
  • 14
    • 0035939950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Export of organic carbon from peat soils
    • Freeman, C.; Evans, C.D.; Monteith, D.T. Export of organic carbon from peat soils. Nature 2001, 412, 785.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 785
    • Freeman, C.1    Evans, C.D.2    Monteith, D.T.3
  • 15
    • 33749818762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative explanations for rising dissolved organic carbon export from organic soils
    • Evans, C.D.; Chapman, P.J.; Clark, J.M.; Monteith, D.T.; Cresser, M.S. Alternative explanations for rising dissolved organic carbon export from organic soils. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2006, 12, 2044-2053.
    • (2006) Glob. Chang. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 2044-2053
    • Evans, C.D.1    Chapman, P.J.2    Clark, J.M.3    Monteith, D.T.4    Cresser, M.S.5
  • 16
    • 20444397061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon: Observations, possible causes and environmental impacts
    • Evans, C.D.; Monteith, D.T.; Cooper, D.M. Long-term increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon: Observations, possible causes and environmental impacts. Environ. Pollut. 2005, 137, 55-71.
    • (2005) Environ. Pollut. , vol.137 , pp. 55-71
    • Evans, C.D.1    Monteith, D.T.2    Cooper, D.M.3
  • 17
    • 10844269680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOM increase in Northern European source waters:Discussion of possible causes and impacts on coagulation/contact filtration processes
    • Eikebrokk, B.; Vogt, R.D.; Liltved, H. NOM increase in Northern European source waters:Discussion of possible causes and impacts on coagulation/contact filtration processes. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 2004, 4, 47-54.
    • (2004) Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply , vol.4 , pp. 47-54
    • Eikebrokk, B.1    Vogt, R.D.2    Liltved, H.3
  • 20
    • 84862982751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dynamics in the freshwater part of the Elbe estuary, Germany: Implications of improving water quality
    • Amann, T.; Weiss, A.; Hartmann, J. Carbon dynamics in the freshwater part of the Elbe estuary, Germany: Implications of improving water quality. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2012, 107, 112-121.
    • (2012) Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. , vol.107 , pp. 112-121
    • Amann, T.1    Weiss, A.2    Hartmann, J.3
  • 21
    • 84856005938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases of dissolved organic carbon in temperate and boreal lakes in Quebec, Canada
    • Couture, S.; Houle, D.; Gagnon, C. Increases of dissolved organic carbon in temperate and boreal lakes in Quebec, Canada. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2012, 19, 361-371.
    • (2012) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 361-371
    • Couture, S.1    Houle, D.2    Gagnon, C.3
  • 23
    • 14744267230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissolved organic carbon for upland acidic and acid sensitive catchments in mid-Wales
    • Neal, C.; Robson, A.J.; Neal, M.; Reynolds, B. Dissolved organic carbon for upland acidic and acid sensitive catchments in mid-Wales. J. Hydrol. 2005, 304, 203-220.
    • (2005) J. Hydrol. , vol.304 , pp. 203-220
    • Neal, C.1    Robson, A.J.2    Neal, M.3    Reynolds, B.4
  • 24
    • 84861190916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing soil water Ca2+ reduces DOC adsorption in mineral soils:Implications for long-term DOC trends in an upland forested catchment in southern Ontario, Canada
    • Kerr, J.G.; Eimers, M.C. Decreasing soil water Ca2+ reduces DOC adsorption in mineral soils:Implications for long-term DOC trends in an upland forested catchment in southern Ontario, Canada. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 427-428, 298-307.
    • (2012) Sci. Total Environ.
    • Kerr, J.G.1    Eimers, M.C.2
  • 25
    • 1542346371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulphate flux from an upland forested catchment in south-central Ontario
    • Eimers, M.C.; Dillon, P.J.; Schiff, S.L. Sulphate flux from an upland forested catchment in south-central Ontario. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2004, 152, 3-21.
    • (2004) Water Air Soil Pollut. , vol.152 , pp. 3-21
    • Eimers, M.C.1    Dillon, P.J.2    Schiff, S.L.3
  • 26
    • 84857634196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased organic carbon concentrations in Estonian rivers in the period 1992-2007 as affected by deepening droughts
    • Pärn, J.; Mander, Ü. Increased organic carbon concentrations in Estonian rivers in the period 1992-2007 as affected by deepening droughts. Biogeochemistry 2012, 108, 351-358.
    • (2012) Biogeochemistry , vol.108 , pp. 351-358
    • Pärn, J.1    Mander, U.2
  • 27
    • 79953869928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water chemistry and dissolved organic carbon trends in lakes from Canada's Atlantic Provinces: no recovery from acidification measured after 25 years of lake monitoring
    • Clair, T.A.; Dennis, I.F.; Vet, R. Water chemistry and dissolved organic carbon trends in lakes from Canada's Atlantic Provinces: no recovery from acidification measured after 25 years of lake monitoring. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2011, 68, 663-674.
    • (2011) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 663-674
    • Clair, T.A.1    Dennis, I.F.2    Vet, R.3
  • 28
    • 77950022771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends of epilimnetic and hypolimnetic bacteria and organic carbon in a deep holo-oligomictic lake
    • Bertoni, R.; Callieri, C.; Corno, G.; Rasconi, S.; Caravati, E.; Contesini, M. Long-term trends of epilimnetic and hypolimnetic bacteria and organic carbon in a deep holo-oligomictic lake. Hydrobiologia 2010, 644, 279-287.
    • (2010) Hydrobiologia , vol.644 , pp. 279-287
    • Bertoni, R.1    Callieri, C.2    Corno, G.3    Rasconi, S.4    Caravati, E.5    Contesini, M.6
  • 29
    • 77958097352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land management as a factor controlling dissolved organic carbon release from upland peat soils 2: Changes in DOC productivity over four decades
    • Clutterbuck, B.; Yallop, A.R. Land management as a factor controlling dissolved organic carbon release from upland peat soils 2: Changes in DOC productivity over four decades. Sci. Total Environ. 2010, 408, 6179-6191.
    • (2010) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.408 , pp. 6179-6191
    • Clutterbuck, B.1    Yallop, A.R.2
  • 30
    • 2442509677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can climate change explain increases in DOC flux from upland peat catchments? Sci
    • Worrall, F.; Burt, T.; Adamson, J. Can climate change explain increases in DOC flux from upland peat catchments? Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 326, 95-112.
    • (2004) Total Environ. , vol.326 , pp. 95-112
    • Worrall, F.1    Burt, T.2    Adamson, J.3
  • 31
    • 33646487428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes in hydrological pathways in an upland peat catchment-recovery from severe drought? J
    • Worrall, F.; Burt, T.P.; Adamson, J. Long-term changes in hydrological pathways in an upland peat catchment-recovery from severe drought? J. Hydrol. 2006, 321, 5-20.
    • (2006) Hydrol. , vol.321 , pp. 5-20
    • Worrall, F.1    Burt, T.P.2    Adamson, J.3
  • 32
    • 78149409692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-year inter-annual trends and seasonal variations in precipitation and stream water chemistry at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA
    • Navrátil, T.; Norton, S.A.; Fernandez, I.J.; Nelson, S.J. Twenty-year inter-annual trends and seasonal variations in precipitation and stream water chemistry at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2010, 171, 23-45.
    • (2010) Environ. Monit. Assess. , vol.171 , pp. 23-45
    • Navrátil, T.1    Norton, S.A.2    Fernandez, I.J.3    Nelson, S.J.4
  • 35
    • 0346304812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term patterns in dissolved organic carbon in boreal lakes: the role of incident radiation, precipitation, air temperature, southern oscillation and acid deposition
    • Hudson, J.J.; Dillon, P.J.; Somers, K.M. Long-term patterns in dissolved organic carbon in boreal lakes: the role of incident radiation, precipitation, air temperature, southern oscillation and acid deposition. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2003, 7, 390-398.
    • (2003) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 390-398
    • Hudson, J.J.1    Dillon, P.J.2    Somers, K.M.3
  • 36
    • 67449110765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in central European streams is driven by reductions in ionic strength rather than climate change or decreasing acidity
    • Hruška, J.; Krám, P.; McDowell, W.H.; Oulehle, F. Increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in central European streams is driven by reductions in ionic strength rather than climate change or decreasing acidity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 4320-4326.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 4320-4326
    • Hruška, J.1    Krám, P.2    McDowell, W.H.3    Oulehle, F.4
  • 37
    • 74249104892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rising trends of dissolved organic matter in drinking-water reservoirs as a result of recovery from acidification in the Ore Mts., Czech Republic
    • Oulehle, F.; Hruška, J. Rising trends of dissolved organic matter in drinking-water reservoirs as a result of recovery from acidification in the Ore Mts., Czech Republic. Environ. Pollut. 2009, 157, 3433-3439.
    • (2009) Environ. Pollut. , vol.157 , pp. 3433-3439
    • Oulehle, F.1    Hruška, J.2
  • 39
    • 38349023018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in catchment organic carbon and nitrogen exports from three acidified catchments in Nova Scotia, Canada
    • Clair, T.A.; Dennis, I.F.; Vet, R.; Laudon, H. Long-term trends in catchment organic carbon and nitrogen exports from three acidified catchments in Nova Scotia, Canada. Biogeochemistry 2008, 87, 83-97.
    • (2008) Biogeochemistry , vol.87 , pp. 83-97
    • Clair, T.A.1    Dennis, I.F.2    Vet, R.3    Laudon, H.4
  • 40
    • 70450093690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the composition of dissolved organic carbon changing in upland acidic streams? Environ
    • Dawson, J.J.C.; Malcolm, I.A.; Middlemas, S.J.; Tetzlaff, D.; Soulsby, C. Is the composition of dissolved organic carbon changing in upland acidic streams? Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 7748-7753.
    • (2009) Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 7748-7753
    • Dawson, J.J.C.1    Malcolm, I.A.2    Middlemas, S.J.3    Tetzlaff, D.4    Soulsby, C.5
  • 41
    • 35448967454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of forestry, environmental change and climatic variability on the hydrology, hydrochemistry and residence times of upland catchments
    • Tetzlaff, D.; Malcolm, I.A.; Soulsby, C. Influence of forestry, environmental change and climatic variability on the hydrology, hydrochemistry and residence times of upland catchments. J. Hydrol. 2007, 346, 93-111.
    • (2007) J. Hydrol. , vol.346 , pp. 93-111
    • Tetzlaff, D.1    Malcolm, I.A.2    Soulsby, C.3
  • 42
    • 0037939710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in pH, aluminium and dissolved organic carbon in Scottish fresh waters; implications for brown trout (Salmo trutta) survival
    • McCartney, A.G.; Harriman, R.; Watt, A.W.; Moore, D.W.; Taylor, E.M.; Collen, P.; Keay, E.J. Long-term trends in pH, aluminium and dissolved organic carbon in Scottish fresh waters; implications for brown trout (Salmo trutta) survival. Sci. Total Environ. 2003, 310, 133-141.
    • (2003) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.310 , pp. 133-141
    • McCartney, A.G.1    Harriman, R.2    Watt, A.W.3    Moore, D.W.4    Taylor, E.M.5    Collen, P.6    Keay, E.J.7
  • 43
    • 41149142596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of seasonal changes in runoff and extreme events on dissolved organic carbon trends in wetland-and upland-draining systems
    • Eimers, M.C.; Buttle, J.; Watmough, S.A. Influence of seasonal changes in runoff and extreme events on dissolved organic carbon trends in wetland-and upland-draining systems. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2008, 65, 796-808.
    • (2008) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 796-808
    • Eimers, M.C.1    Buttle, J.2    Watmough, S.A.3
  • 44
    • 38349037684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in dissolved organic carbon concentration: a cautionary note
    • Eimers, M.C.; Watmough, S.A.; Buttle, J.M. Long-term trends in dissolved organic carbon concentration: a cautionary note. Biogeochemistry 2008, 87, 71-81.
    • (2008) Biogeochemistry , vol.87 , pp. 71-81
    • Eimers, M.C.1    Watmough, S.A.2    Buttle, J.M.3
  • 45
    • 41149146188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the potential relationship between droughts, sulphate and dissolved organic carbon at a wetland-draining stream
    • Eimers, M.C.; Watmough, S.A.; Buttle, J.M.; Dillon, P.J. Examination of the potential relationship between droughts, sulphate and dissolved organic carbon at a wetland-draining stream. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2008, 14, 938-948.
    • (2008) Glob. Chang. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 938-948
    • Eimers, M.C.1    Watmough, S.A.2    Buttle, J.M.3    Dillon, P.J.4
  • 46
    • 42949179459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thirty-five years of synchrony in the organic matter concentrations of Swedish rivers explained by variation in flow and sulphate
    • Erlandsson, M.; Buffam, I.; Fölster, J.; Laudon, H.; Temnerud, J.; Weyhenmeyer, G.A.; Bishop, K. Thirty-five years of synchrony in the organic matter concentrations of Swedish rivers explained by variation in flow and sulphate. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2008, 14, 1191-1198.
    • (2008) Glob. Chang. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 1191-1198
    • Erlandsson, M.1    Buffam, I.2    Fölster, J.3    Laudon, H.4    Temnerud, J.5    Weyhenmeyer, G.A.6    Bishop, K.7
  • 47
    • 40449095894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the effects of climate on long-term patterns of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in the surface waters of a boreal catchment
    • Futter, M.N.; Starr, M.; Forsius, M.; Holmberg, M. Modelling the effects of climate on long-term patterns of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in the surface waters of a boreal catchment. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2008, 12, 437-447.
    • (2008) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 437-447
    • Futter, M.N.1    Starr, M.2    Forsius, M.3    Holmberg, M.4
  • 48
    • 33745121484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing trends of total organic carbon concentrations in small forest lakes in Finland from 1987 to 2003
    • Vuorenmaa, J.; Forsius, M.; Mannio, J. Increasing trends of total organic carbon concentrations in small forest lakes in Finland from 1987 to 2003. Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 365, 47-65.
    • (2006) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.365 , pp. 47-65
    • Vuorenmaa, J.1    Forsius, M.2    Mannio, J.3
  • 49
    • 44149107078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between dissolved organic carbon concentrations, weather, and acidification in small Boreal Shield lakes
    • Keller, W.; Paterson, A.M.; Somers, K.M.; Dillon, P.J.; Heneberry, J.; Ford, A. Relationships between dissolved organic carbon concentrations, weather, and acidification in small Boreal Shield lakes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2008, 65, 786-795.
    • (2008) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 786-795
    • Keller, W.1    Paterson, A.M.2    Somers, K.M.3    Dillon, P.J.4    Heneberry, J.5    Ford, A.6
  • 50
    • 65549121485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased organic C and N leaching in a northern boreal river basin in Finland
    • Lepistö, A.; Kortelainen, P.; Mattsson, T. Increased organic C and N leaching in a northern boreal river basin in Finland. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 2008, 22, GB3029.
    • (2008) Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.22
    • Lepistö, A.1    Kortelainen, P.2    Mattsson, T.3
  • 51
    • 0003605543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network 10 Year Report
    • Analysis and Interpretation of Results, April 1988-March 1998. London, Available online, accessed on 23 March 2014
    • Monteith, D.T.; Evans, C.D. United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network 10 Year Report. Analysis and Interpretation of Results, April 1988-March 1998. London, 2000. Available online:http://awmn.defra.gov.uk/resources/interpreports/10yearInterpRpt.pdf (accessed on 23 March 2014).
    • (2000)
    • Monteith, D.T.1    Evans, C.D.2
  • 52
    • 36249024311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term increase in dissolved organic carbon in streamwaters in Norway is response to reduced acid deposition
    • De Wit, H.A.; Mulder, J.; Hindar, A.; Hole, L. Long-term increase in dissolved organic carbon in streamwaters in Norway is response to reduced acid deposition. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 7706-7713.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 7706-7713
    • De Wit, H.A.1    Mulder, J.2    Hindar, A.3    Hole, L.4
  • 53
    • 35448943163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in DOC concentration in Great Britain
    • Worrall, F.; Burt, T.P. Trends in DOC concentration in Great Britain. J. Hydrol. 2007, 346, 81-92.
    • (2007) J. Hydrol. , vol.346 , pp. 81-92
    • Worrall, F.1    Burt, T.P.2
  • 55
    • 33646034611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA
    • Burns, D.A.; McHale, M.R.; Driscoll, C.T.; Roy, K.M. Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA. Hydrol. Process. 2006, 20, 1611-1627.
    • (2006) Hydrol. Process. , vol.20 , pp. 1611-1627
    • Burns, D.A.1    McHale, M.R.2    Driscoll, C.T.3    Roy, K.M.4
  • 56
    • 33846803185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in catchment export and lake retention of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, total iron, and total phosphorous: The Dorset, Ontario, study, 1978-1998
    • Dillon, P.J.; Molot, L.A. Long-term trends in catchment export and lake retention of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, total iron, and total phosphorous: The Dorset, Ontario, study, 1978-1998. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110, G01002.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Dillon, P.J.1    Molot, L.A.2
  • 57
    • 16844374971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased carbon transport in the Hudson River: Unexpected consequence of nitrogen deposition? Front
    • Findlay, S.E.G. Increased carbon transport in the Hudson River: Unexpected consequence of nitrogen deposition? Front. Ecol. Environ. 2005, 3, 133-137.
    • (2005) Ecol. Environ. , vol.3 , pp. 133-137
    • Findlay, S.E.G.1
  • 58
    • 8344223826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of climate and landuse on TOC concentrations and loads in Finnish rivers
    • Arvola, L.; Räike, A.; Kortelainen, P.; Järvinen, M. The effect of climate and landuse on TOC concentrations and loads in Finnish rivers. Boreal Environ. Res. 2004, 9, 381-387.
    • (2004) Boreal Environ. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 381-387
    • Arvola, L.1    Räike, A.2    Kortelainen, P.3    Järvinen, M.4
  • 59
    • 3042806963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased colour and organic acid concentrations in Norwegian forest lakes and drinking water-a result of increased precipitation?
    • Hongve, D.; Riise, G.; Kristiansen, J.F. Increased colour and organic acid concentrations in Norwegian forest lakes and drinking water-a result of increased precipitation? Aquat. Sci. 2004, 66, 231-238.
    • (2004) Aquat. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 231-238
    • Hongve, D.1    Riise, G.2    Kristiansen, J.F.3
  • 60
    • 9444234764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time series analysis of long-term river dissolved organic carbon records
    • Worrall, F.; Burt, T.P. Time series analysis of long-term river dissolved organic carbon records. Hydrol. Process. 2004, 18, 893-911.
    • (2004) Hydrol. Process. , vol.18 , pp. 893-911
    • Worrall, F.1    Burt, T.P.2
  • 61
    • 0041942739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term records of riverine dissolved organic matter
    • Worrall, F.; Burt, T.; Shedden, R. Long term records of riverine dissolved organic matter. Biogeochemistry 2003, 64, 165-178.
    • (2003) Biogeochemistry , vol.64 , pp. 165-178
    • Worrall, F.1    Burt, T.2    Shedden, R.3
  • 62
    • 0038293472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical response of lakes in the Adirondack region of New York to declines in acidic deposition
    • Driscoll, C.T.; Driscoll, K.M.; Roy, K.M.; Mitchell, M.J. Chemical response of lakes in the Adirondack region of New York to declines in acidic deposition. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 2036-2042.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 2036-2042
    • Driscoll, C.T.1    Driscoll, K.M.2    Roy, K.M.3    Mitchell, M.J.4
  • 63
    • 0027580064 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and long-term temporal patterns in the chemistry of Adirondack Lakes
    • Driscoll, C.T.; Van Dreason, R. Seasonal and long-term temporal patterns in the chemistry of Adirondack Lakes. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1993, 67, 319-344.
    • (1993) Water Air Soil Pollut. , vol.67 , pp. 319-344
    • Driscoll, C.T.1    Van Dreason, R.2
  • 64
    • 0037601696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery from acidification of Finnish lakes:regional patterns and relations to emission reduction policy
    • Forsius, M.; Vuorenmaa, J.; Mannio, J.; Syri, S. Recovery from acidification of Finnish lakes:regional patterns and relations to emission reduction policy. Sci. Total Environ. 2003, 310, 121-132.
    • (2003) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.310 , pp. 121-132
    • Forsius, M.1    Vuorenmaa, J.2    Mannio, J.3    Syri, S.4
  • 65
    • 0037939711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The apparent and potential effects of climate change on the inferred concentration of dissolved organic matter in a temperate stream (the Malše River, South Bohemia)
    • Hejzlar, J.; Dubrovský, M.; Buchtele, J.; Růžička, M. The apparent and potential effects of climate change on the inferred concentration of dissolved organic matter in a temperate stream (the Malše River, South Bohemia). Sci. Total Environ. 2003, 310, 143-152.
    • (2003) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.310 , pp. 143-152
    • Hejzlar, J.1    Dubrovský, M.2    Buchtele, J.3    Růžička, M.4
  • 67
    • 0038237579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased acid deposition and the chemical recovery of Killarney, Ontario, lakes
    • Keller, W.; Heneberry, J.H.; Dixit, S.S. Decreased acid deposition and the chemical recovery of Killarney, Ontario, lakes. Ambio 2003, 32, 183-189.
    • (2003) Ambio , vol.32 , pp. 183-189
    • Keller, W.1    Heneberry, J.H.2    Dixit, S.S.3
  • 68
    • 0035067882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of water clarity to monitor the effects of climate change and other stressors on oligotrophic lakes
    • Gunn, J.N.; Snucins, E.; Yan, N.D.; Arts, M.T. Use of water clarity to monitor the effects of climate change and other stressors on oligotrophic lakes. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2001, 67, 69-88.
    • (2001) Environ. Monit. Assess. , vol.67 , pp. 69-88
    • Gunn, J.N.1    Snucins, E.2    Yan, N.D.3    Arts, M.T.4
  • 70
    • 0034749787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in surface water acidification in Europe and North America (1989-1998)
    • Skjelkvåle, B.L.; Stoddard, J.; Andersen, T. Trends in surface water acidification in Europe and North America (1989-1998). Water Air Soil Pollut. 2001, 130, 787-792.
    • (2001) Water Air Soil Pollut. , vol.130 , pp. 787-792
    • Skjelkvåle, B.L.1    Stoddard, J.2    Andersen, T.3
  • 71
  • 72
    • 0032124651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the changes of COD and color in rivers of Latvia during the last twenty years
    • Apsite, E.; Klavins, M. Assessment of the changes of COD and color in rivers of Latvia during the last twenty years. Environ. Int. 1998, 24, 637-643.
    • (1998) Environ. Int. , vol.24 , pp. 637-643
    • Apsite, E.1    Klavins, M.2
  • 73
    • 0031900758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical trends and status of small lakes near Sudbury, Ontario, 1983-1995: evidence of continued chemical recovery
    • Mallory, M.L.; McNicol, D.K.; Cluis, D.A.; Laberge, C. Chemical trends and status of small lakes near Sudbury, Ontario, 1983-1995: evidence of continued chemical recovery. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1998, 55, 63-75.
    • (1998) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 63-75
    • Mallory, M.L.1    McNicol, D.K.2    Cluis, D.A.3    Laberge, C.4
  • 74
    • 0030620402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent lake acidification and recovery trends in Southern Quebec, Canada
    • Bouchard, A. Recent lake acidification and recovery trends in Southern Quebec, Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1997, 94, 225-245.
    • (1997) Water Air Soil Pollut. , vol.94 , pp. 225-245
    • Bouchard, A.1
  • 76
    • 0026497318 scopus 로고
    • Will an increased greenhouse impact in Fennoscandia give rise to more humic and coloured lakes?
    • Forsberg, C. Will an increased greenhouse impact in Fennoscandia give rise to more humic and coloured lakes? Hydrobiologia 1992, 229, 51-58.
    • (1992) Hydrobiologia , vol.229 , pp. 51-58
    • Forsberg, C.1
  • 77
    • 0010491009 scopus 로고
    • Coloured substances in Swedish lakes and rivers-Temporal variation and regulating factors
    • Andersson, T.; Nilsson, Å.; Jansson, M. Coloured substances in Swedish lakes and rivers-Temporal variation and regulating factors. Lect. Notes Earth Sci. 1991, 33, 243-253.
    • (1991) Lect. Notes Earth Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 243-253
    • Andersson, T.1    Nilsson, Å.2    Jansson, M.3
  • 78
    • 2142730692 scopus 로고
    • A darkening of Swedish lakes due to increased humus inputs during the last 15 years
    • Forsberg, C.; Petersen, R.C. A darkening of Swedish lakes due to increased humus inputs during the last 15 years. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 1990, 24, 289-292.
    • (1990) Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. , vol.24 , pp. 289-292
    • Forsberg, C.1    Petersen, R.C.2
  • 79
    • 0024472291 scopus 로고
    • Statistical modelling of water colour in the Uplands: The Upper Nidd catchment 1979-1987
    • Naden, P.S.; McDonald, A.T. Statistical modelling of water colour in the Uplands: The Upper Nidd catchment 1979-1987. Environ. Pollut. 1989, 60, 141-163.
    • (1989) Environ. Pollut. , vol.60 , pp. 141-163
    • Naden, P.S.1    McDonald, A.T.2
  • 80
    • 0035922917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term variation in water colour from Yorkshire catchments
    • Watts, C.D.; Naden, P.S.; Machell, J.; Banks, J. Long term variation in water colour from Yorkshire catchments. Sci. Total Environ. 2001, 278, 57-72.
    • (2001) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.278 , pp. 57-72
    • Watts, C.D.1    Naden, P.S.2    Machell, J.3    Banks, J.4
  • 81
    • 65049087436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land management as a factor controlling dissolved organic carbon release from upland peat soils 1: Spatial variation in DOC productivity
    • Yallop, A.R.; Clutterbuck, B. Land management as a factor controlling dissolved organic carbon release from upland peat soils 1: Spatial variation in DOC productivity. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407, 3803-3813.
    • (2009) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.407 , pp. 3803-3813
    • Yallop, A.R.1    Clutterbuck, B.2
  • 82
    • 0033306251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of organic acid site density on pH modeling of Swedish lakes
    • Köhler, S.; Hruška, J.; Bishop, K. Influence of organic acid site density on pH modeling of Swedish lakes. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 1999, 56, 1461-1470.
    • (1999) Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 1461-1470
    • Köhler, S.1    Hruška, J.2    Bishop, K.3
  • 84
    • 0028162540 scopus 로고
    • Regional variation of dissolved organic-matter in running waters in central northern Sweden
    • Ivarsson, H.; Jansson, M. Regional variation of dissolved organic-matter in running waters in central northern Sweden. Hydrobiologia 1994, 286, 37-51.
    • (1994) Hydrobiologia , vol.286 , pp. 37-51
    • Ivarsson, H.1    Jansson, M.2
  • 85
    • 0036663143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The merits of the high temperature combustion method for determining the amount of natural organic carbon in surface freshwater samples
    • Gadmar, T.C.; Vogt, R.D.; Osterhus, B. The merits of the high temperature combustion method for determining the amount of natural organic carbon in surface freshwater samples. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2002, 82, 451-461.
    • (2002) Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. , vol.82 , pp. 451-461
    • Gadmar, T.C.1    Vogt, R.D.2    Osterhus, B.3
  • 86
    • 27744434912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Export of DOM from boreal catchments: impacts of land use cover and climate
    • Mattsson, T.; Kortelainen, P.; Räike, A. Export of DOM from boreal catchments: impacts of land use cover and climate. Biogeochemistry 2005, 76, 373-394.
    • (2005) Biogeochemistry , vol.76 , pp. 373-394
    • Mattsson, T.1    Kortelainen, P.2    Räike, A.3
  • 87
    • 0027841633 scopus 로고
    • Content of total organic-carbon in Finnish lakes and its relationship to catchment characteristics
    • Kortelainen, P. Content of total organic-carbon in Finnish lakes and its relationship to catchment characteristics. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1993, 50, 1477-1483.
    • (1993) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 1477-1483
    • Kortelainen, P.1
  • 88
    • 51849136793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of hydrology and seasonality on DOC exports from three contrasting upland catchments
    • Dawson, J.J.C.; Soulsby, C.; Tetzlaff, D.; Hrachowitz, M.; Dunn, S.M.; Malcolm, I.A. Influence of hydrology and seasonality on DOC exports from three contrasting upland catchments. Biogeochemistry 2008, 90, 93-113.
    • (2008) Biogeochemistry , vol.90 , pp. 93-113
    • Dawson, J.J.C.1    Soulsby, C.2    Tetzlaff, D.3    Hrachowitz, M.4    Dunn, S.M.5    Malcolm, I.A.6
  • 89
    • 56549117818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing seasonal and long-term controls of streamwater DOC using empirical and process-based models
    • Futter, M.N.; de Wit, H.A. Testing seasonal and long-term controls of streamwater DOC using empirical and process-based models. Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 407, 698-707.
    • (2008) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.407 , pp. 698-707
    • Futter, M.N.1    De Wit, H.A.2
  • 90
    • 0035175448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-lake mineralization of allochthonous organic carbon in a large humic lake (Örträsket, N
    • Jonsson, A.; Meili, M.; Bergström, A.-K.; Jansson, M. Whole-lake mineralization of allochthonous organic carbon in a large humic lake (Örträsket, N. Sweden). Limnol. Oceanogr. 2001, 46, 1691-700.
    • (2001) Sweden). Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.46 , pp. 1691-1700
    • Jonsson, A.1    Meili, M.2    Bergström, A.-K.3    Jansson, M.4
  • 92
    • 0012776434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical methods for total DOM pools. In Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter
    • Hansell, D.A., Carlson, C.A., Eds. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA
    • Sharp, J.H. Analytical methods for total DOM pools. In Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter; Hansell, D.A., Carlson, C.A., Eds. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA, 2002; pp. 35-58.
    • (2002) , pp. 35-58
    • Sharp, J.H.1
  • 93
    • 0001236527 scopus 로고
    • On the measurement of DOC and DON in seawater
    • Suzuki, Y. On the measurement of DOC and DON in seawater. Mar. Chem. 1993, 42, 287-288.
    • (1993) Mar. Chem. , vol.42 , pp. 287-288
    • Suzuki, Y.1
  • 94
    • 0036174609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief overview of modern directions in marine DOC studies. Part I.-Methodological aspects
    • Dafner, E.V.; Wangersky, P.J. A brief overview of modern directions in marine DOC studies. Part I.-Methodological aspects. J. Environ. Monit. 2002, 4, 48-54.
    • (2002) J. Environ. Monit. , vol.4 , pp. 48-54
    • Dafner, E.V.1    Wangersky, P.J.2
  • 95
    • 0038003208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissolved organic matter in oceanic waters
    • Ogawa, H.; Tanoue, E. Dissolved organic matter in oceanic waters. J. Oceanogr. 2003, 59, 129-147.
    • (2003) J. Oceanogr. , vol.59 , pp. 129-147
    • Ogawa, H.1    Tanoue, E.2
  • 96
    • 0027510747 scopus 로고
    • A test of the accuracy of freshwater DOC measurements by high-temperature catalytic oxidation and UV-promoted persulfate oxidation
    • Benner, R.; Hedges, J.I. A test of the accuracy of freshwater DOC measurements by high-temperature catalytic oxidation and UV-promoted persulfate oxidation. Mar. Chem. 1993, 41, 161-165.
    • (1993) Mar. Chem. , vol.41 , pp. 161-165
    • Benner, R.1    Hedges, J.I.2
  • 97
    • 0027079264 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of high-temperature and persulfate oxidation methods
    • Kaplan, L.A. Comparison of high-temperature and persulfate oxidation methods. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1992, 37, 1119-1125.
    • (1992) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.37 , pp. 1119-1125
    • Kaplan, L.A.1
  • 98
    • 43949175185 scopus 로고
    • Dissolved organic carbon methods: A critical review
    • Wangersky, P.J. Dissolved organic carbon methods: A critical review. Mar. Chem. 1993, 41, 61-74.
    • (1993) Mar. Chem. , vol.41 , pp. 61-74
    • Wangersky, P.J.1
  • 99
    • 0042466912 scopus 로고
    • Complexation Reactions in Aquatic Systems
    • Ellis Horwood:Chichester, UK
    • Buffle, J. Complexation Reactions in Aquatic Systems. An Analytical Approach. Ellis Horwood:Chichester, UK, 1988.
    • (1988) An Analytical Approach
    • Buffle, J.1
  • 100
    • 59749094555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freshwaters: Which NOM matters? Environ
    • Filella, M. Freshwaters: Which NOM matters? Environ. Chem. Lett. 2009, 7, 21-35.
    • (2009) Chem. Lett. , vol.7 , pp. 21-35
    • Filella, M.1
  • 101
    • 84858684461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the source of decadal increases of dissolved organic matter in acid-sensitive lakes of the Northeastern United States
    • SanClements, M.D.; Oelsner, G.P.; McKnight, D.M.; Stoddard, J.L.; Nelson, S.J. New insights into the source of decadal increases of dissolved organic matter in acid-sensitive lakes of the Northeastern United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 3212-3219.
    • (2012) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.46 , pp. 3212-3219
    • SanClements, M.D.1    Oelsner, G.P.2    McKnight, D.M.3    Stoddard, J.L.4    Nelson, S.J.5
  • 102
    • 0023512525 scopus 로고
    • Variability of dissolved trace metals in the Mississippi River
    • Shiller, A.M.; Boyle, E.A. Variability of dissolved trace metals in the Mississippi River. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1987, 51, 3273-3277.
    • (1987) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.51 , pp. 3273-3277
    • Shiller, A.M.1    Boyle, E.A.2
  • 103
    • 0025919433 scopus 로고
    • Inadequacy of NASQAN data for assessing metal trends in the Nation's rivers
    • Windom, H.L.; Byrd, J.T.; Smith, R.G.; Huan, F. Inadequacy of NASQAN data for assessing metal trends in the Nation's rivers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 1137-1142.
    • (1991) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.25 , pp. 1137-1142
    • Windom, H.L.1    Byrd, J.T.2    Smith, R.G.3    Huan, F.4
  • 104
    • 0028988622 scopus 로고
    • Mississippi River methods comparison study: Implications for water quality monitoring of dissolved trace elements
    • Taylor, H.E.; Shiller, A.M. Mississippi River methods comparison study: Implications for water quality monitoring of dissolved trace elements. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 1313-1317.
    • (1995) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.29 , pp. 1313-1317
    • Taylor, H.E.1    Shiller, A.M.2
  • 105
    • 84863971224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minding our methods:How choice of time series, reference dates, and statistical approach can influence the representation of temperature change
    • Stevenson, K.; Alessa, L.; Altaweel, M.; Kliskey, A.D.; Krieger, K.E. Minding our methods:How choice of time series, reference dates, and statistical approach can influence the representation of temperature change. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 7435-7441.
    • (2012) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.46 , pp. 7435-7441
    • Stevenson, K.1    Alessa, L.2    Altaweel, M.3    Kliskey, A.D.4    Krieger, K.E.5
  • 106
    • 0020332008 scopus 로고
    • Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality analysis
    • Hirsch, R.M.; Slack, J.R.; Smith, R.A. Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality analysis. Water Resour. Res. 1982, 18, 107-121.
    • (1982) Water Resour. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 107-121
    • Hirsch, R.M.1    Slack, J.R.2    Smith, R.A.3
  • 107
    • 0000570668 scopus 로고
    • Non-parametric test against trend
    • Mann, H.B. Non-parametric test against trend. Econometrica 1945, 13, 245-249.
    • (1945) Econometrica , vol.13 , pp. 245-249
    • Mann, H.B.1
  • 108
    • 0003882111 scopus 로고
    • Rank Correlation Methods
    • 4th ed.; Charles Griffin: London, UK
    • Kendall, M.G. Rank Correlation Methods, 4th ed.; Charles Griffin: London, UK, 1975.
    • (1975)
    • Kendall, M.G.1
  • 109
    • 84897030765 scopus 로고
    • A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis
    • Theil, H. A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis. Adv. Stud. Theor. Appl. Econom. 1992, 23, 345-381.
    • (1992) Adv. Stud. Theor. Appl. Econom. , vol.23 , pp. 345-381
    • Theil, H.1
  • 110
    • 84947348224 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau
    • Sen, P.K. Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1968, 63, 1379-1389.
    • (1968) J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , vol.63 , pp. 1379-1389
    • Sen, P.K.1
  • 111
    • 0021639934 scopus 로고
    • A nonparametric trend test for seasonal data with serial dependence
    • Hirsch, R.M.; Slack, J.R. A nonparametric trend test for seasonal data with serial dependence. Water Resour. Res. 1984, 20, 727-732.
    • (1984) Water Resour. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 727-732
    • Hirsch, R.M.1    Slack, J.R.2
  • 112
    • 0004016288 scopus 로고
    • Interannual and interdecadal variability in the climate system
    • American Institute of Physics: New York, NY, USA, Chapter 16
    • Peixoto, J.P.; Oort, A.H. Interannual and interdecadal variability in the climate system. In Physics of Climate; American Institute of Physics: New York, NY, USA, 1992; Chapter 16, pp. 412-449.
    • (1992) Physics of Climate , pp. 412-449
    • Peixoto, J.P.1    Oort, A.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.